Public Speaking Chapters 1-7

How public speaking and everyday conversation are similar Chapter 1, Page 6

1. Organize your thoughts logically. (step by step) 2. Tailoring your message to your audience (kid, room mate) 3. Telling a story for maximum impact( build up) 4. Adapting to listener feedback -Spent most of your life developing these skills

Catalogue 121

A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library. most allow you search by author, title, and subject, or keyword.

Brainstorming

A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas Generating ideas by free association

Transition statements pg 67

A word or phase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another In addition,

Sponsoring organization 128

An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

Types of Listening 49

Appreciative Listening - Listening for pleasure or enjoyment. Empathic Listening- Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker. Comprehensive Listening - Listening to understand the message of a speaker. Critical Listening - Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.

Who to ask to be in your audience for speech rehearsal

Ask friends and family members for constructive feedback

Criteria to evaluate online documents 128-129

Authorship - is the author clearly identified, qualifications, an expert?, unbiased? if not, don't cite Sponsorship - unbiased? impartial to cite? does it have accuracy? Recency - how recent is the information? look for copyright date, publication date, or date last revised for up to the minute status

The type of speech delivery that will be used for the graded speeches in our class

Extemporaneous speech - carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

Incremental Plagiarism pg 38

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. Quotations and paraphasing

Listening Too Hard pg 50

Giving excessive attention to detail is

How to identify with audience

Identification - process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

three main parts of a speech

Introduction - opening section of a speech Body - the main section of a speech Conclusion- The final section of a speech

audience-centeredness 98

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation. Audience foremost in mind during speech preparation, presentation To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, do? What is most effective way of accomplishing that?

Nervousness page 10-15

Positive nervousness - controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation (this helps with nervousness) -Acquire speaking experience -Prepare, prepare, prepare - each minute of speaking time requires one to two hours of preparation time, perhaps more -Think positively -Use power of visualization - Picturing oneself giving successful presentation -Know most nervousness is not visible -Don't expect perfection

Where to look for a quotation (not the internet)

Reference works (Quotation Books)

biographical aid 122

Reference works (under Biographical Aids) information about people in the news, contain brief life and career facts about contemporary men and women. such as Who's Who in America, Contemporary Black Biography, Dictionary of Hispanic Biography

What the specific purpose accomplishes 82

Single infinitive phrase States what speaker hopes to accomplish Guidelines: Full infinitive phrase Statement, not question Avoid figurative language Limit to one distinct idea Avoid being vague

Patchwork Plagiarism

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own.

Guidelines for taking notes 134

Take plenty of notes Record notes in a consistent format Make separate entries for each note Distinguish direct quotations, paraphrases, own ideas

Egocentrism 100

The tendency of pteople to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.

50% (pg 48)

We grasp about ___ % of what we hear and after 24hrs, we can only remember 10%

Spare Brain Time (pg 50)

the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute) can think about other things

Stereotyping 101

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike Oversimplified image of group Done by assuming all members are alike ex. that african americans are athletic or that all asians excel in science

Global Plagiarism

- Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own

Ethnocentrism 24

- The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or culture. AVOIDING ETHNOCENTRISM -Respect listeners' cultural values -Adapt messages to expectations -Imagine oneself in place of listeners -Be alert to feedback -Listeners also have to avoid ethnocentrism

Types of questions that can be put on a questionnaire 111

---Fixed-alternative questions - questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives ex. do you know what the insanity plea is in the US? Yes_____ No_____ Not Sure______ ---Scale question - questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers ex. <-----|---------|------|-----|--------|> Seldom Very often ---Open-Ended questions - questions that allow respondents to answer however they want. ex. What is your opinion about the insanity plea in the US court cases?

Databases 122-123

---Newspaper and Periodical database - a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers. ---Academic Database - a database that catalogues articles from a scholarly journal

A summary of an article or magazine 123

--Abstract Summary of magazine, journal article Don't cite abstract alone

3 methods of brain storming 80

-Personal Inventory - experiences, hobbies, skills, beliefs -Clustering - people, places, problems etc, then list 4 or 5 items that to come to mind. -Internet Research - searching letter M in dictionary or search encyclopedia online

Wikipedia pg 127

Biggest encyclopedia ever Reliability comparable to traditional encyclopedias Good place to start, not to end

Elements to look for in a demographic analysis 101

Demographic analysis - audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background. Two steps: 1. identifying the general demographic features of your audience 2. gauging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation.

Reference work 121n

a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers. encyclopedias, yearbooks, quotation books

At what point does anxiety drop off pg 15

after the first 30 to 60 seconds of a presentation

Situation pg 18, 21

is when speech communication occurs -Speaker -Messages -Channel -Listener -Feedback -Interference -Situation

Difference between informative and persuasive speaking 82

when your general purpose is the inform - you act as a teacher or lecturer. Your goal is to convey information clearly, accurately, and interestingly when your general purpose is to persuade - you act as an advocate or a partisan. you go beyond giving information to espousing a cause. you want to change or structure the attitudes or actions of your audience. Convincing