Public speaking exam 1

Know the three "hecks" of internet source reliability

1- Who the heck wrote it: is the author credible. 2- Who the heck paid for it: financial motives can skew information. Is it an ad or article? 3- When the heck was it published: the more recent the information is, the more reliable it will be.

Offer tips for conducting research interviews

1-prepare ahead of time: have questions ready. 2-Secure recording permissions:be sure to ask if they have a problem with you audio recording. 3-listen actively: listening is key to understanding the information you get from an interview. 4-transcribe your recording: if you were allowed to record the interview, type it up word for word.

explain the informative strategies: description, types of definitions, explanation, demonstration, and narration

1. Description- purpose is to give an audience a mental sense of an event, a process, or an object. Description evokes sight, sound, and even smells. (often used to create mini speeches) 2. Definitions- purpose is to explain or describe the meaning of a term or concept. Speakers define these terms when they aren't sure if the audience will understand them. Used to add precision or clear something up. 3. Explanation- With this strategy your job is to explain how or why something is the way it is. 4. Demonstration- It's another term for how to do something. 5. Narration- When speakers tell stories in their speech. A narrative is a story or a verbal account of an event or series of events.

List three tips for creating a great informative speech

1. Keep it simple, students. 2. Make your speech unique 3. Make your speech personally relevant

people

A speech about a person or group of people

concepts

A speech about a philosophical or intellectual idea, typically abstract

Objects

A speech about a specific thing, either abstract or concrete.

accent

A way of pronouncing words that indicates the place of origin or social background of the speaker.

offer suggestions for appropriately citing your sources in speeches

Cite in MLA, APA, Chicago style, or AMA. Make sure whichever one your professors want you to use is up to date. Also make sure to cite it properly. Use the source, author, the credentials of the author, and the date the information was first made available.

explain how human memory affects speech organization

If you can't remember the organization of your speech, it is more likely for you to mess up on the information that needs to be presented.

explain the difference between informing and persuading

Informative speaking is to inform about imparting knowledge and it is usually considered easier than speaking to persuade because it is much less challenging to give the audience new information or knowledge than to try to change the audience's behavior or mind about something.

Explain the K.I.S.S rule

It stands for keep it simple, students. Keeping your speech clear and easy to follow is the first step to maintaining the audiences attention. You should... avoid overly technical language, reduce quantity of information, do not under or over estimate your audiences knowledge, use visual aids, keep things concrete, teach them, and then rinse and repeat this.

describe nonverbal communication, style, and its elements: speech, tone, and tonework

Nonverbal communication is the way we communicate with others without using words. The elements used include vocalics (qualities of voice), gesture, and facial expression. Speech is the meeting place of the body and language. Tone is the overall emotional quality or character of human expression, it concerns mood. Tonework refers to all things speakers do to control or manage how they communicate to an audience without words.

offer tips for choosing an informative topic and explain the types of informative speeches

Possibly do some brain storming for a topic. But you could also try selecting a generic "common place" or topic, then by winnowing the topic down to something you are interested in. Types of informative speeches include Objects, people, events, processes, concepts, and issues.

describe ways of patterning your main points: spatial, temporal, topical, problem-solution, cause/effect, and rambling

Spatial- organizes information according to how things fit together in physical space. It is best used when your main points are oriented to different locations that can exist independently. temporal- a speech organization pattern in which the speaker presents information in chronological order, from beginning to end, with each main point addressing a particular time within the chronology. topical- arranges information according to different sub-topics within a larger topic. problem-solution- divides information into two main sections, one that describes a problem and one that describes a solution. cause/effect- divides information into two sections, one is the cause of something and the other is the effects from it. rambling- going on and on without making a point, which should not be used.

explain the speech overview: speech purpose, thesis statement, and main points

Speech purpose is what the speech is wanting to accomplish. The thesis statement is what you actually say to the audience about your topic and purpose. The main points are the three to five main points that support your thesis.

Modulation

The attempt to vary the volume, pitch, rate, and general character of one's voice

Pronunciation

The correct or accepted way a word sounds

Rate

The speed or pace of speaking

Explain truth and the importance of research and misinformation

Truth is a charged word and introduces a complexity to public speaking that most of us don't normally consider. It's the actual facts not the incorrect statements some people find. If research is not done, one may have misinformation. Most misinformation in speeches is often the result of carelessness or misguided research instead of outright deceit .

offer tips for effective vocal delivery: volume, pitch, articulation, pronunciation, rate, modulation, voice projection, feedback, accents, dialects, and verbal fillers.

Watch yourself giving a speech in front of a mirror, however watching a video recording of yourself is even more helpful. Also focus on those elements of the body such as gesture, facial expression, and eye contact.

Explain when and why research is required beyond common knowledge

When in doubt about an assumption or claim you would like to make in a speech, you should probably go ahead and research it. Speeches that make claims beyond the reach of common knowledge are more credible when they appear to have been researched or seem to be based on evidence from reliable sources.

offer tips for effective physical delivery: gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact

You can often use gestures to embellish what you are saying as long as it's not outside your normal repertoire. Make sure to move around and not remain behind a podium, but try not to move too much. If you are nervous smiling can help make you feel more comfortable so make sure to do that. You should practice scanning, as if your eyes were a searching light panning back and forth across the audience. Make sure your eyes move back and forth across the room to indicate that you are addressing the entire audience.

describe how a speaker's appearance is important for the speech

You don't want to have your outfit stand out so that the audience focuses on what you say and how you say it, not on how much makeup you are wearing or that you didn't shave this morning. Make sure to dress one step up. Where what your audience might be wearing, but do it a little nicer.

Give tips on research in the digital domain: recognize popular research databases and how to check for accurate and true speeches

You should be careful when determining whether the information you find from and internet search is useful and the source is trustworthy. Popular databases include EBSCO Academic Search Complete, Gale Academic OneFile, LexisNexis Academic, and JSTOR. You can check for accurate and true speeches by using FactCheck. org or other websites like it to see whether the information you want to use is true or false.

describe the primary task of informing

Your task is to convey information in a way of that is clear to understand but that doesn't talk down or insult your audience.

issues

a speech about a current situation or problem; a briefing

events

a speech about an important event from the past or possibly something in the future

processes

a speech about how things happen or how to do something

dialect

can reference both an accent and certain turns of phrase, speaking styles, and grammatical conventions particular to a community, class allegiance, or geographical region

define these key concepts: historical arrangement, narrative arrangement, and extemporaneous delivery

historical arrangement: I can't find this narrative arrangement: speech consists of a story or.a series of short stories, includes setting, plot, ect. extemporaneous delivery: delivery using an outline

Articulation

pronouncing words in a clear manner

List the steps for research planning

step 1: Narrow your topic during preliminary research. step 2: give yourself time to do research on your topic. step 3: develop a list of possible sources. step 4: take notes from your sources and print them off.

Volume

the loudness of a speaker's voice

describe why three is a magic number

the more reliable "magic number" for short term memory is three. That is how many things a person can remember after seeing or hearing them.

List the two types of speech outlines and explain their similarities and differences

the preparation of working outline and the speaking outline. working outlines help you with speech logic, development, and planning. They are relatively detailed and include the entire speech. The speaking outline helps you stay organized in front of the audience without reading them. Less detailed and contain only key phrases.

pitch

the sound frequency of a speaker's voice, the rising and falling of pitch in speech is called intonation.

feedback

the unpleasant sound a microphone can make when it is too close to a speaker or playback device

voice projection

the way in which speaker's increase their vocal volume and adopt a confident tone in order to command attention

verbal fillers

vocalized pauses in which a speaker inserts sounds such as "uh"