Public Speaking Midterm Review
Demographic refers
The outward traits or characteristics of the audience
Boolean operators allow you to eliminate certain words from the search
True
A specific purpose statement begins with an infinitive phrase
Yes
What is meant by "extemporaneous speech?"
A speech based on an outline, which provides flexibility in preparation and delivery
Which is an example of the concept of "chunking"?
Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories of steps in a demonstration speech
Organization of speech ideas and materials involves three steps, in this order: ordering, labeling and subordinating.
False
Research on "mindset" states that even though intelligence and skills such as public speaking are traits that are set and not changeable, having a positive outlook on the task can cause less anxiety
False
Secondary sources are not reliable and you should stay away from them for college research
False
Similarities between the audience and the speaker have no effect on the speaker's credibility with the audience
False
Since race is such a controversial subject, the speaker should not consider it as part of analyzing the audience
False
Speeches should contain from three to six main points
False
Stereotyping your audience is helpful in public speaking for constructing appeals for your audience and in saving time
False
The philosophy of "ends justify the means" is a prominent ethical stance for communication scholars
False
The rise of the internet, with its wide variety of available platforms, has made legal decisions about freedom of expression much easier
False
This is an adequate specific purpose statement: "To inform my classmates about the superiority of MAC computers over PCs."
False
When thinking about analyzing your audience, you should be careful to give equal weight and attention to each of the demographic characteristics
False
Dave owns a collection of vintage baseball cards. The cards are his values
False; they represent a value, but are not a value themselves
The textbook says there are three steps in the process of organizing a speech in the preparation phase. Which is correct?
Grouping, labeling, ordering
Search engines such as Google and Yahoo allows you to narrow the search through certain filters, as you can do in library databases
True
The branch of philosophy that involves determinations of right and wrong is a definition for
Ethics
Aristotle explained the concept of ethos as one the sources of persuasion, in the Greek Classical Age
True
Many social scientists would deny that race is a biological reality and only see it as a social construct
True
One of the purposes of a connective is to keep the audience's attention through repetition and sense of movement
True
Recording and listening to your voice can help you make sure you are not monotone and monorate
True
"Domain" refers to what part of the web address?
.org or .com
Speeches are classified by purposes of to inform, to persuade, and a third category. Which type of speech fits into the third category?
A eulogy at a funeral
According to the textbook, the upper limit on number of main ideas is ______
Five
The idea of "free marketplace of ideas" originated a _____.
17th century England
A word, icon, picture, object, or number that is used to stand for or represent a concept is the definition of
A "symbol"
What is missing from this definition of public speakin, according to the textbook? "A face-to-face attempt to inform, persuade, or entertain a group of people through words, physical delivery, and visual or audio aids."
A and B above (the concept of organization & the concept of intentionality or purposfulness)
Which is an example of a primary source?
A journalist interviewing veterans back from the Middle East
The meaning of attitude is _____
A stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy
How does "time" affect a presentation
A-C are all true (may experience a speech differently based on the time of day, can become unstable after a certain number of minutes, and the organization may have expectations about time limits)
Which of the following is the best paraphrase for the following passage? "Millions of dollars' worth of disaster-relief projects already are on hold as the Federal Emergency Management Agency's funding sinks to dangerously low levels. Facing the cash shortage, the federal agency has had to prioritize projects in the wake of this year's devastating tornadoes, hurricanes, and other disasters"
According to an Associated Press report in May of 2018, because the Federal Emergency Management Agency has extremely low funding, it is not able to deliver the disaster relief needed in this year of weather disasters. The agency has to decide which are the most important or serious.
Which of these statements is true about organization of speeches?
All audiences need organization and need help understanding the organization
Which statement reflects the value of speech organization according to the text?
All of a-c (an organized speaker is generally seen as more credible, good organization can help writing skills, good organization can help audience retention)
John has been a member of an organization that advocated for criminal justice reform for ten years. He believes it is the primary problem facing our country today. He also works as a paralegal for the organization helping victims of the justice system. Which of the following is true about John's beliefs about criminal justice reform?
All of a-c are true (be stable because of long-term commitment, they would be salient because of how much time he spends on his career, they would be strong because of the support he gets)
Which statement is true about the specific purpose statement?
All of a-c are true (speaker must not get off track, it must be written as an infinitive phrase, and it is not said to the audience)
Which is not a type of connective
All of a-d are types of connectives
Which is a tip the author gives for recording speeches?
All of these are recommended by the author (bright room, tech walk-throughs, appropriate clothing, film whole body)
The meaning of listening is _____
An active process of making an effort to understand, process, and retain
Which is not a general purpose for a speech?
Articulate
The basic philosophy behind using Maslow's hierarchy of needs in speech preparation is
An audience will not be motivated at a level higher than what they are currently experiencing
Noise is best defined as
Anything that disrupts, interrupts or interferes with the communication process
Which of the following is not one of the canons of rhetoric?
Appearance
"A stable positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy" refers to
Attitude
Attitude is often misunderstood as mood, but it is not the same because ___
Attitude is more stable
"Examining your audience by its demographic characteristics and then it psychological traits" is
Audience analysis
Which is good advice for personally interviewing sources for a speech?
Be sure to choose someone with first-hand, especially professional, experience of the topic
The term from classical rhetoric, "invention" is essentially the process of
Choosing the particular message and approach for the audience and situation
1. The first phase of the Civil Rights Movement was before 1955 2. The second, major phase of the Civil Rights Movement was between 1956 and 1963 3. The third phase of the Civil Rights Movement took place between 1963 and 1968 This outline uses a _____ pattern of organization
Chronological
Which statement is true about speaker credibility
Citing reliable sources can add to your credibility as a speaker
Sharing meaning between two or more persons is the best definition of
Communication
Which of the following statements is true, according to the textbook?
Communication should be thought of as having a dimension related to facts, content, and information and a dimension related to connection and relationship
The objective or literal meaning shared by most people using a word or symbol is the ______ meaning
Denotative
"Rhetoric" is the word originally used for
Ethical communication & credibility of the speaker
How should women approach men in a public speaking situation
Discipline themselves not to fall into habits such as apologizing for having an opinion
The textbook suggests preparing for a speech by
Eating protein for breakfast
Which of these statements is not true?
Empathetic listening takes place when listening to music, poetry, or literature
Your friend needs to talk to her mother about wanting to change her major. She could go in and say, "Mom, I'm changing my major." But she things about how her mother will accept the message and tries a different way to express herself. This is an example of
Encoding
If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the issue of illegal immigration, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its
Ethnic background
Which of the following is suggested for addressing anxiety about public speaking?
Examine your own thoughts about why you are anxious
"The act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person" is an adequate and complete definition of plagiarism
False
A connective is a good place to insert a strong statistic for support
False
A speaker should generally think about topic before purpose
False
An introvert is unlikely to become an effective public speaker
False
Because ethics is a universal philosophical study with a long history, individual experience is largely irrelevant to ethical decisions
False
Because religion is private and personal for most people, the speaker does not need to consider the religion of his audience in preparing a speech
False
Freedom of expression is primarily an individual right and necessity
False
Issues such as the size of the audience and why they have gathered are related to the demographic characteristics of the audience
False
A state of experiencing "significant and persistent fear when in the presence of or anticipating the object of fear" is the scholarly definition of
Glossophobia
Why is organization important to a speech
Good organization benefits speaker credibility
Which of the following is not a contextual circumstance that a speaker should consider
Group affiliation of the audience
Manuel wants to do a really good job on his speech on horror movies of the 1920s, which requires at least five reliable sources. He uses the library's database of books and scholarly articles to find five or six good sources. He comes up with his own basic outline and then fills it in with the facts and examples from the articles. When it goes through the originality checker software for his class, it comes up flagged as 70% borrowed. What happened?
He is using large chunks of the original material exactly as he found it in the sources
Which is the correct order of the credibility that an audience experiences toward a speaker during a speech?
Initial credibility, derived credibility, terminal credibility
Speeches are classified by purposes of to inform, to persuade, and a third category. Which group of words fits into the third category?
Inspire, entertain, amuse
Which is true about defamation?
It is a false statement of fact
How is public speaking like other forms of communication such as conversation?
It requires a sensitivity to your audience and dependence on feedback
What happened to the "fairness doctrine"?
It was revoked in 1987
What is probably wrong with this basic outline? 1. John Andrews is worthy of respect due to his work as a medical doctor. 2. John Andrews is worthy of respect due to his involvement in his softball team. 3. John Andrews is worthy of respect due to his service in leading the state Boy Scout organization.
Its main points are not equal in importance
Which best defines planned redundancy?
Purposefully repeating organizational elements of the speech to help the audience follow the structure and logic of the speech
Is this public speaking? You are asked by your employer, without prior warning, to say a few words in a meeting about a project you've been working on, and from your seat, you talk about your latest conversation with a client about one of the company's products
No, because I lack a purpose and organization
Bonnie is 35 years old, taking her speech class in order to finish her degree after raising her family. Should she be overly concerned about her age difference in relation to her classmates?
No, only if the topic is relevant to the age of the audience's understanding and needs
In jurisprudence today, freedom of speech is rephrased as "freedom ...."
Of expression
"The inner characteristics of the audience, such as belief, attitudes, etc." is the definition of
Psychographic characteristics
Of the three words And, Or, and Not, using which one will probably result in the most websites or articles brought up?
Or
"A process in which other scholars have read a work of scholarly writing and evaluated whether it meets the quality standards of a particular publication and/or discipline" is the definition of _______
Peer-reviewed
Three terms that are used interchangeably in regard to research are
Peer-reviewed, academic, scholarly
According to the textbook, beliefs have certain characteristics that can make them hard to change (although not impossible). Which one is not one of the characteristics?
Performance
Picture Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Pick the correct sequence, going from lowest to highest.
Physiological, safety/security, love/belongingness, self-esteem, self actualization
If you construct a survey in your class about your speech topic and get your classmates' opinions, that is
Primary research
"Information that has been compiled, filtered, edited or interpreted in some way" defines
Secondary sources
1. The first section of the Hebrew burial tomb in Roman times with the facade 2. The next section of the Hebrew burial tomb was the entrance 3. The innermost section of the Hebrew burial tomb was the series of burial chambers This outline uses a ____ pattern of organization
Spatial
Which is not a barrier to listening given in the textbook?
Speaker's use of personal anecdotes
The meaning of totalizing is ____
Taking one characteristic of a group or person and making the sum of what that person or group is
Originally, censorship meant _____
The King of England or Parliament could prevent publication beforehand, or punish it afterward
What does the author say have developed as "worst practice" with webinars and webconference public speaking?
The audience multitasking and being bored
The meaning of encode is _______
The process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols
Deborah Tannen points out that women use a style of communication she refers to as "rapport" talk
True
The meaning of connotative is
The subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual
Which is true of your audience in terms of organization of speeches?
There are limits to the amount of categories or "points" that an audience can keep in their minds.
I respect Joni Eareckson Tada for three reasons. 1. She has lived as a quadriplegic for almost 50 years 2. She is a wise and winsome communicator 3. She gives her life to helping those with disabilities. This outline uses a _____ pattern of organization
Topical/parts of whole
Where in a speech would you see evidence of planned redundancy?
Transitional statements
This textbook's preferred model of communication is
Trnsactional
"Decode" is the process of the listener or receiver understanding the words and symbols of a message and making meaning of them
True
"Generalizing about a group of people and assuming that because a few persons in that group have a characteristic, all of them do" is a definition of stereotyping
True
A speech that is designed with the general purpose of "to persuade" may also have the effect of informing or entertaining the audience.
True
An example of the denotative meaning of "park" is "a piece of land reserved for recreation and natural conservation."
True
The analogy of a blueprint and an outline indicates that the outline is a guide for preparing and practicing your speech but not the actual performance of the speech
True
The correct sequence for formulating your central idea statement is to start with how your own interests, your audience, and your speech context flow together to create the specific purpose and then the central idea
True
The importance of ethics of communication has been debated since at least the classical Greeks' time
True
The need for "chunking" is especially important in process-oriented or "demonstration speeches" because of the high number of steps that might be involved
True
The specific purpose statement has three sections: the specific communication word, the target audience, and the content
True
There are two types of outlines: preparation and speaking
True
This is an adequate specific purpose statement: "To explain to the campus volunteer club the new method for logging their service hours
True
To "read laterally" means to read what other sources say about the material or source of the information
True
Today's library catalogs include electronic books as well as physical books on the shelves, or "stacks" of the library you are accessing
True
Town hall meetings do not include a response from the politician's opponent
True
Using research properly relates to the ethics and credibility of a speech
True
Your two main tools for online speaking are your voice and your visuals
True
Practice makes perfect, according to the text
True under some circumstances
Which is a common error made by beginning speakers in writing specific purpose statements?
Trying to cover too wide an amount of material
The term "planned redundancy" refers to _____
Using preview and summary statements and internal previews
The definition "goals we strive for and consider important and desirable" refers to
Values
The 10-20-30 rule has to do with
Visuals/slides
What is the acronym the textbook author uses to explain that speakers should consider their audience's needs and interests in developing speech topics?
WIIFM
Audiences are asking two basic questions while listening to a speaker
Why is this topic important to me/Why should I listen to the speaker?
Which statement is the LEAST true in representing your use of Wikipedia in your speech class research?
Wikipedia information is about 90% reliable
"Taking one characteristic of a group or person and viewing that as the whole of what the person or group is" is the definition of
totalizing
