Public Speaking Test Chapter 1-4 & 15

10. Although some stories are told mainly to entertain, all narratives have profound meanings.

True (256)

8. Aristotle classified narrative reasoning as deliberative speaking

True (258)

2.A diversity perspective is important in a community that's not very diverse.

True (4)

8.Many African cultures highly value verbally skilled people.

True (7)

9.The dominant United States communication style includes a problem orientation.

True (7)

10.Cultural factors can influence how comfortable you feel speaking in public.

True (9)

6. Telling a story is one way of providing good reasons for your ideas

True.

8. In several Asian cultures, listeners see themselves equally responsible with the speaker for making communication successful

True.

5. Ojibway poet, Lenore Keeship-Tobias, says that non-natives who borrow native stories are committing cultural theft.

True. (257)

7. Deliberative speaking gives people information and motivates them to act wisely

True. (258) (a form of speaking that gives people the information and motivation they need to make wise decisions regarding future courses of action is deliberative speaking.

1. The purposes of narratives are similar to those of public speaking in general: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain

True. (261)

5.Brianna marches in a protest against the World Trade Organization; she's encountering diversity with resistance

True. (35)

4. Prejudice involves your negative or your positive pre-formed judgments of someone

True. (57)

5. Your speech-thought differential means you think about 350 words per minute faster than the average speaker talks

True. (58)

7.Your schema for a wedding toast enables you to predict the types of things a speaker will typically say when your friends marry

True. (58-60)

5.Carefully planning your introduction may, surprisingly, help you deal with anxiety

True. Anxiety is usually the highest during the introduction so if you know what to say in the beginning. Then the rest of the speech will most likely be smooth. (25)

7.Internal Monologue (I-M) is defined as self-talk, and negative I-M can make you more anxious about public speaking

True. Positive I-M makes for more confidence.

7.In oral cultures, people must store all their knowledge in their memories

True.(7)

10.Accomodating groups allow themselves to rethink ideas and hear diverse ideas from a variety of perspectives

True: This helps lead to a multivocal society. (35)

9.Because of the process of habituation, your anxiety lessens when you speak repeatedly and the negative outcomes you expect aren't all that bad.

True: habituation lessening anxiety by successfully repeating an experience over time (27)

4.Diversity is rarely divisive at the minimum end of the maximum-minimum scale of differences.

True: the minimum end of the Maximum-minimum scale of difference has very few things that differentiate them. (34)

4. A mental acceptance that something is true or false, correct or incorrect, valid or invalid is ____ a. a belief. b. a value. c. an attitude. d. an action

a. a belief. (6)

1. Culture is best defined as __A____________

a. an integrated system of learned beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors that a group accepts and passes along.

9. According to research, anxiety is highest __________ a. before the speech. b. about the time you make the transition from the introduction to the body of the speech. c. during the body of the speech. d. during the conclusion. e. during the question and answer period following the speech.

a. before the speech. (24-27, Figure 2.2)

11. The Nigerian woman who speaks competently in the dominant culture while participating competently within her own speech community is _____ a. bicultural. b. nonexpressive. c. expressive. d. co-cultural.

a. bicultural.

13. If you are afraid of speaking out because you think something negative will result, people will think you're stupid or you might get a bad grade; for example, you are suffering from _________ a. communication apprehension. b. process anxiety. c. performance anxiety. d. all of these.

a. communication apprehension. (CA: the fear or dread of negative responses you might experience because you speak out)(16)

10. If you tell yourself your topic is boring and no one wants to hear you speak, you are not ____________ a. controlling your internal monologue. b. understanding the anxiety process. c. refining your personal style. d. "psyching" yourself up. e. rehearsing through visualization.

a. controlling your internal monologue. (self-talk). (25)

6. You hear someone say, "Once upon a time in a faraway place. . . ," and you pull up your mental framework or blueprint that tells you are listening to a fairy tale. You are using a __________ a. listening schema. b. cultural allusion. c. jargon phrase. d. stereotype. e. narrative.

a. listening schema. (60) (Our minds contain a number of schemas or models that help us listen and respond of specific types of speeches.

7. Public performers in cultures without print are like a "walking library"; these public performers store the group's knowledge in their minds; theirs is a(n) __________ culture. a. oral b. nonexpressive c. expressive d. narrative e. dramatic

a. oral

9. Critical listeners ____ a. question a speaker's goal. b. use totally different skills than they use for comprehensive listening. c. can be less critical when they listen to a speaker who affirms their ideas. d. avoid speakers they disagree with. e. don't worry about comprehensive listening.

a. question a speaker's goal. (62-63)

3. Speech-thought differential is a term that means _____ a. the difference between how fast you think and how fast the speaker talks. b. the amount of time you spend in a departure from the communication line. c. you bring to the speech some personal worries that distract your attention. d. mental activity during which you think of examples that bolster the speaker's ideas.

a. the difference between how fast you think and how fast the speaker talks. (58)

4. The general purposes identified in the text are _____ a. to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to commemorate. b. to introduce, to persuade, to inform, to highlight cultural ideals. c. to convince, to convert, to educate, to introduce. d. to explain, to demonstrate, to convince, to entertain.

a. to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to commemorate. (IPEC)

10. Drive-by debating might be thought of as the opposite of _____ a. civility. b. fairness. c. truthfulness. d. monologue.

a.civility. (38)

2. The Amish are a group whose worldview or belief system sets them apart from the dominant culture. They are a(n) _____________

a.co-cultural group. (4)

7. Listening to a lecture on post-Civil War economic history is an example of _____ listening. a. active b. comprehensive c. critical d. dialogical e. cultural

b. comprehensive (60) (listen to learn, understand, or get information.

8. Engaging in physical exercise, such as brisk walking, running, or lifting weights helps to a. promote positive thoughts about the audience. b. counteract physical tension. c. understand the anxiety process. d. assess your public speaking anxiety. e. rehearse through visualization.

b. counteract physical

5.Kim has great ideas, but she doesn't know how to order them so that they flow well. She needs to learn the principles in the canon of _______ . a. invention. b. disposition. c. style. d. memory. e. delivery.

b. disposition. (20)

12. "What do you think our candidate should do to increase her credibility with voters?" is a(n) _____________ question. a. loaded b. open c. closed d. disclosing e. clarification

b. open

7. Before he speaks, Rajin's heart races, he begins to perspire, and his stomach has "butterflies." He is experiencing ____________ a. memory loss. b. the "fight or flight" mechanism. c. the butterfly phenomenon. d. withdrawal. e. disruption.

b. the "fight or flight" mechanism. (24)

6.Using a dialogical perspective provides for all but which ability? a. the ability to guarantee that dialogue will resolve contentious problems. b. the ability to engage in dialogue in response to another's invitation to do so c. the ability to invite others into dialogue d. the ability to create contexts that facilitate dialogue

b. the ability to engage in dialogue in response to

5. Joe emphasizes hard work as he argues for his ideas. He's appealing to a core U.S.____ a. belief. b. value. c. attitude. d. action.

b. value.

1. A speaker refers to David Hume, assuming her audience knows that he was an influential philosopher. Several listeners have no idea who he was, so they misunderstand her ___________ a. vocabulary. b. cultural allusion. c. listening schema.

b.cultural allusion. (57)

8.President Obama's speech after the shooting in Tuscon, Arizona, was an attempt to lead people to engage in a practice called: ___________ a. McCarthyism. b. Accommodation. c. Civility. d. Demonization. e. Diversity.

c. Civility. (37-38)

10. Michelle makes these nonverbal interactions with the speaker. Which makes her a less competent listener? a. She leans toward the speaker. b. Even though she is taking notes, she makes eye contact. c. She taps her pen and shuffles her papers. d. She smiles and nods. e. She sits directly in front of the speaker in the second row.

c. She taps her pen and shuffles her papers.

1. Mary Ann will use the principles in the canon of invention when she _________ a. memorizes her speech. b. actually gives her speech. c. analyzes her audience and researches her topic. d. selects language for her ideas. e. organizes her main points.

c. analyzes her audience and researches her topic. (17-18)

6. Our preferences or tendencies to have positive or negative opinions about people, places, objects, and situations are our _______ a. beliefs. b. values. c. attitudes. d. actions. e. core assumptions.

c. attitudes. (6)

14. The three elements of the D-R-E Method of feedback are ___ a. determine, react, evaluate. b. discriminate, react, express. c. describe, respond, evaluate. d. distinguish, react, evaluate.

c. describe, respond, evaluate.

5. Jesse is listening to a speaker whose views on capital punishment widely differ from his. Although the speaker is making understandable arguments, Jesse closes his mind and counters everything the speaker says by mentally reciting his position. He is ______ a. taking a small departure from the communication line. b. going off on a tangent. c. engaging in a private argument. d. taking a large departure from the communication line.

c. engaging in a private argument. (58)

4. According to Daniel Yanelovich, dialogue requires which of these sets of conditions: a. respons-ibility and authenticity. b. mutuality, synergy, openmindedness. c. equality, empathy, examination. d. accommodation, authenticity, active listening. e. inclusiveness and invitational rhetoric.

c. equality, empathy, examination. (40)

12. After she finished the course, Judy was much more confident. She gave several speeches and the negative outcomes she expected weren't so bad after all. This is the process of _______ a. cognitive modification. b. visualization. c. habituation. d. internal-monologue.

c. habituation. (Lessening anxiety by successfully repeating an experience over time)

6. Jim has a great topic for his speech, has organized it flawlessly, but forgets to make eye contact with his audience and sways from side to side. Jim needs to improve in ____ a. the canon of style. b. the canon of invention. c. the canon of delivery. d. the canon of disposition.

c. the canon of delivery. Rules or standard for presenting a speech. (22)

3. In her self-introductory speech, Carly showed a videotape of herself in the delivery room giving birth to her son. She ran the danger of violating which of the following speech guidelines? a. Be sure you understand the assignment. b. Choose to reveal something unusual. c. Consider your listeners' sensibilities. d. Select a significant incident.

c.Consider your listeners' sensibilities. (19)

7. Which of the following is NOT one of Amitai Etzioni's rules of engagement for productive dialogue? a. Don't demonize the other side or depict it as completely negative. b. Don't feel you must deal with every issue. c. Don't abandon your personal convictions. d. Talk more about non-negotiable rights than needs, wants, and interests. e. Don't offend the other party's deeply held moral commitments.

d. Talk more about non-negotiable rights than needs, wants, and interests.

2. "Female professors are so much better than male professors at explaining the listening process!" is an example of ____ a. a physical factor that hinders listening. b. a barrier to comprehension. c. a negative listening schema. d. a stereotype that hinders listening.

d. a stereotype that hinders listening.

13. In Chinese and Japanese speaking traditions, listeners avoided asking questions because ______ a. a question would be an admission that you are not intelligent enough to understand. b. asking a question would cast doubt on the speaker's ability to communicate. c. questioning the speaker's information does not help the speaker maintain face. d. all of these. e. none of these.

d. all of these. (66)

3. Which of these is NOT a cultural resource as defined in the text? a. actions or behaviors b. attitudes c. beliefs d. diversity

d. diversity

12. When President W. Bush went to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, his narrowed purpose was to __________ the city's culture. a. produce b. transmit c. reinforce d. restore e. transform

d. restore (5)

11. About an hour before his class, Jon finds a quiet place and thinks through all the aspects of his speech. He "sees" himself beforehand; then he "observes" himself going to the podium, setting up his visual aids, and giving his speech. Finally, he mentally thinks through the question and answer period and "watches" himself returning to his seat. He's rehearsing by ________ a. controlling his internal monologue. b. knowing the speechmaking process. c. physical relaxation. d. visualization. e. understanding the anxiety process.

d. visualization. (27)

9. Public speaking varies across cultures in all these ways EXCEPT______ a. the amount of expressiveness that's encouraged. b. how the speaker presents her or his ideas. c. what topics are considered appropriate. d. whether or not the culture has public speakers e. who speaks.

d. whether or not the culture has public speakers

2.Manuel responds to diversity by acknowledging real differences between himself and members of other cultural groups, but he shows a willingness to listen to their ideas and evaluate them fairly. His response is called _________ a. resistant. b. defiant. c. assimilation. d. accommodation. e. multivocal.

d.accommodation. (35)

11. "What year did Eisenhower take office?" is a(n) ________ question. a. loaded b. open c. disclosing d. clarification e. closed

e. closed (66)

8..Expressive cultures ____ a. encourage their members to give their opinions and let their feelings show in all situations. b. do not permit much variation for shy persons. c. are typical of Japanese and Native American cultures. d. teach negative attitudes toward verbalization, emphasizing nonverbal skills more. e. encourage their members to present their words and emotions in dramatic fashion.

e. encourage their members to present their words and emotions in dramatic fashion. (7)

9.According to the text, a major reason to develop a habit of research is _____ a. the information you find will most likely be interesting. b. you are practicing civility when you do so. c. you are being more dialogical as a speaker. d. you will be less likely to plagiarize speech materials if you do extensive research. e. you owe it to your audience to know what you're talking about.

e. you owe it to your audience to know what you're talking about.

9.A multivocal society is one that permits certain voices to be heard

. False. A multivocal society. (35)( Society that actively seeks expression of a variety of voices or view points.)

4. Seth will probably experience his greatest anxiety during the adaptation milestone in the middle of his speeches when he suddenly realizes everyone is looking at him

. False. Anxiety is usually greatest during the introduction. (24)

1.You may have trouble understanding heavily accented English; this is an example of vocabulary differences

. False; it's an example of language differences. (56)

10 Which is NOT a component of the U.S. style of communication identified in the text? a. problem oriented b. impersonal c. direct d. informal e. explicit

. b. impersonal (9)

5. Which is NOT a characteristic of dialogical listening and speaking? a a belief that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts b. an attempt to control one another's reactions c. a value on mutuality d. active involvement of both speakers and listeners e. both speaker and audience willing to change as a result of the speech

...

2. Which is NOT necessarily considered when preparing a speech? a. Demographic information about an audience. b. Psychological information including attitude about a topic. c. The situation in which you will speak, including time of day and equipment available. d. All of the above.

All are considered.

4. During a speech, the speaker mentions a dog and one listener starts thinking about her dog, then about her veterinarian, then about her doctor, then . . . . The listener is ____ a. taking a small departure from the communication line. b. going off on a tangent. c. engaging in a private argument. d. taking a large departure from the communication line.

C. engaging in a private.

8. To get more out of a classroom lecture and discussion, Omar should do all these EXCEPT ____ a. prepare by reading the chapter before coming to class. b. think of examples and images that link the material to his personal experiences. c. tape record the lecture. d. direct his attention by taking notes.

C. tape record the lecture.

3.Deborah Tannen, which language makes our culture an "argument culture"? a. 'Culture wars' b. 'Fighting for your rights' c. 'Battleground states' d. 'shoot down ideas' e. All of the above

E. All of the above.

4.Rhetorically sensitive people are those who can adapt their communication behaviors and perform reasonably well in a variety of social settings.

False Bicultural (9)

1.The oldest book in existence is from China; it gives advice on speaking and listening.

False. Although the book does talk about speaking, it's from Egypt not China. (5)

5.Our core cultural resources consist of an I/Thou behavior system.

False. Core Culture resources consist beliefs, attitudes, and values(BVA) along with behaviors that provide a logical basis for a culture to define what is necessary, right, doubtful, or forbidden. (6)

3.Heckling is common in political gatherings, but university audiences are too sophisticated and open-minded to shout down a speaker

False. Heckling often occurs on campuses nationwide. (43-44)

3. A story explaining the history of your college is an example of a narrative that aims to explain ultimate realities.

False. It explains society and its institutions. (256)

9. "Call and response" is typical of Japanese-American speaker-audience interactions

False. It is true of African-American speakers. (62)

Traditional Chinese and Japanese cultures had a tradition of debate where people publicly disagreed with one another.

False. It was improper to disagree publicly. False. It was improper to disagree publicly(9)

11. Identifying your speech purpose is less important for stories than for, say, a pro-con speech or a problem-solution speech.

False. It's important to decide whether you want to use the story to inform, persuade, or entertain. (261)

9. "The rhetoric of possibility" is the phrase the text uses to describe narratives that explain ultimate realities about things such as heaven or the afterlife

False. The rhetoric of possibility more commonly describes visions and possibilities for future life on this earth. (260)

8.According to the text, athletes use a strategy called "cognitive modification" that you can adapt to help yourself overcome PSA

False. The text associates athletes with visualization. (27)

3. Worries about an upcoming interview or concerns about a sick family member are examples of physical factors that hinder listening

False. These are psychological factors. (57)

1.The Constitution of the United States allows for freedom of speech. Period.

False. Things like slander are illegal as is yelling FIRE! in a crowded theater. (32-33)

7.People who respond to diversity by assimilation may create alternative institutions.

False. This characterizes resistance not assimilation. (35)

6.Use of visual aids during your introduction will distract you and cause increased anxiety

False. Using Visualization technique during introduction, It will guide your audiences attention away from you . (25)

2.Men and women typically experience PSA similarly.

False. Women typically have stronger physical and psychological reactions than men. (23)

3.You can pretty much tell the most important things about a culture by observing its visible characteristics such as patterns of dress, art, food, and language.

False. You can't see the culture's fundamental worldview. (4)

4. Narratives that explain social realities are factual and agreed upon by members of a culture.

False. they vary depending on perspective.

11. Segev is avoiding his public speaking class because he knows the more he speaks in public, the worse his CA will become. Is Segev's assertion true or false?

False: CA seems to lessen the more you practice. (25)

2. Cultural allusions are pretty much the same the world over.

False: Cultural allusions reference to historical, literary, and religious sources that are culturally specific(57)

2."Rightsabilities" means we can do whatever is within our rights

False: It means that we, as listener and speakers. need to be aware of other values, believe, and culture. we also have a responsibility to give feedback.

1.Memorizing your speech takes the risk out of speechmaking.

False: Memorizing your speech can be riskier than having notes to look upon to. (22)

3.The fight-or-flight mechanism is a basic component of psychological anxiety.

False: Physiological mechanism.(24)

6. When you listen and follow the speaker's ideas but you disagree and stop trying to understand the speaker, and argue with her instead, you are going off on a tangent.

False: That is engaging in a private argument.

6.According to Deborah Tannen, the U.S. is an "argument culture" partly because we often use metaphors about storms and dangerous weather in our public discourse.

False: we use war metaphors. (arm and target) (35)

10.Communication apprehension (CA) is identical to public speaking anxiety (PSA

False; PSA is a specific type of CA, and people can be apprehensive in arenas other than public speaking. (16)

2. Scientific narratives function mainly to provide examples.

False; function to explain natural and scientific phenomena.

8. Caitlin goes away to college where her political beliefs are challenged. She decides to reject or surrender them.

Her response is assimilation. (34)(response to diversity in which you surrender some or most of your ways and adopt cultural patterns of another group.)

1. Lakshmi came from India, became a Christian, married a man from Montana, and never again spoke her native language. Her response to diversity is called ___________ a. resistance. b. activism. c. assimilation. d. accommodation. e. multivocal.

C. assimilation. (34)