public speaking test chapter 5

inform, persuade, promote social cohesion

three basic purposes for speaking are...

narrow

topic and purpose for a speech must be _____ enough

lack of knowledge about a topic, lack of analysis of an audience, uncertain purpose, disorganized notes, lack of practice

what are examples of inadequate preparation?

hormone adrenaline (fight or flight response)

what causes nervousness or "butterflies?

Increases when they think their audience's expectations are higher Decreases when they think expectations are lower

what does research suggest on a speaker's apprehension level?

music, movies, art, television, books, diseases, nutrition, sports, relationships

potential sources for speeches

chronological pattern, topical pattern, problem-solution

3 organizational patterns

age, gender, background and attitudes, appearance, context

According to the Observation Checklist, what are the 5 things you need to observe about your audience?

Communicate a respect for their feelings and their opinions

After analyzing your audience, what do you need to do in order to effectively communicate with others?

Deciding on a topic and purpose, Analyzing the audience, Researching the topic and planning the thesis and main supporting points, Organizing the speech, Wording the speech, Developing confidence and overcoming fear

Developing skill at the process of public speaking requires attention to six activities. Please list the six activities

think about them from the point of view of others

How should you look at controversial topics?

clear evidence of audience analysis

The best speeches show what?

Who are the members of your audience? What do they already know about your topic? What would they care to know? What likes and dislikes, attitudes, opinions and beliefs do they hold? Where do they stand on the issue you plan to talk about? How should the answers to these questions affect your speech?

When you address a large group, what are six questions you need to ask yourself and think about your audience

Begin thinking about how you will get the audience interested in what you have to say

after you have your topic and purpose, what is the next step?

speeches to inform

explain, report, describe, clarify, define, demonstrate event/process/concept

as many times as necessary until you can deliver it in a relaxed manner

how many times should you practice your speech out loud?

To present factual information in a way that will be the most understandable and memorable to that particular audience

main purpose of a speech to inform is...

research topic, formulate thesis, determine main points

steps to be well informed about topic

speeches to persuade

strengthen, change, influence, confirm actions/attitudes/beliefs of audience

you truly have something to say

the best speeches are made when...

statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes

you need facts to support your argument such as...

significant in some way and interesting to your audience

your topic for your speech should be...(2 things)