Pulmonary Final Quiz

Which of the following are structural features of the trachea? A. C-shaped cartilage B. smooth muscle fibers C. cilia D. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve? A. temperature B. pH C. BPG D. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone? A. pharynx B. nasal cavity C. alveoli D. bronchi

alveoli

A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called ___________. A. bronchopulmonary segment B. pulmonary lobule C. interpulmonary segment D. respiratory segment

bronchopulmonary segment

Which of the following occurs during a chloride shift? A. chloride is removed from the erythrocyte B. chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate C. bicarbonate is removed from the erythrocyte D. bicarbonate is removed from the blood

chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes? A. AMS B. high blood levels of carbon dioxide C. low atmospheric pressure D. erythropoietin

erythropoietin

Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes? A. mediastinum B. fissure C. root D. pleura

fissure

Gas moves from an area of _______ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. A. low; high B. low; low C. high; high D. high; low

high; low

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called __________. A. hyperventilation B. hyperpnea C. acclimatization D. apnea

hyperventilation

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) __________ in pressure. A. decrease in B. equalization of C. increase in D. zero

increase in

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity? A. increase surface area B. exchange gases C. maintain surface tension D. maintain air pressure

increase surface area

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called _____________. A. external respiration B. interpulmonary respiration C. internal respiration D. pulmonary ventilation

internal respiration

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mmHg in the blood and 40 mmHg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide? A. it diffuses into the blood B. it diffuses into the alveoli C. the gradient is too small for carbon dioxide to diffuse D. to decomposes into carbon and oxygen

it diffuses into the alveoli

The fauces connect which of the following structures to the oropharynx? A. nasopharynx B. laryngopharynx C. nasal cavity D. oral cavity

oral cavity

Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in? A. pulmonary ventilation B. production of pulmonary surfactant C. resistance D. surface tension

pulmonary ventilation

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? A. residual volume B. tidal volume C. expiratory reserve volume D. inspiratory reserve volume

residual volume

Gas flow decreases as _________ increases. A. resistance B. pressure C. airway diameter D. friction

resistance

The ____________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body. A. pulmonary B. interlobular C. respiratory D. bronchial

respiratory

When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs? A. the capillary restricts B. the capillary dilates C. the partial pressure of oxygen in the affected alveolus increases D. the bronchioles dilate

the capillary restricts

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur? A. the diaphragm moves downward B. the ribcage is depressed C. the thoracic cavity volume decreases D. the ribs and sternum move upward

the ribs and sternum move upward

The pressure differences between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called __________. A. atmospheric pressure B. pulmonary pressure C. negative pressure D. transpulmonary pressure

transpulmonary pressure

A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ___________. A. Haldane effect B. Bohr effect C. Dalton's law D. Henry's law

Haldane effect

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following? A. hemoglobin and carbon dioxide B. carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide C. hemoglobin and oxygen D. carbonic anhydrase and oxygen

hemoglobin and oxygen

Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following? A. low partial pressure of oxygen B. low atmospheric pressure C. abnormal neural signals D. small venous reserve of oxygen

small venous reserve of oxygen

What is the role of the alveolar macrophages? A. to secrete pulmonary surfactant B. to secrete antimicrobial proteins C. to remove pathogens and debris D. to facilitate gas exchange

to remove pathogens and debris

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the __________ and __________. A. visceral and parietal pleura B. mediastinum and parietal pleura C. visceral and mediastinum pleurae D. none of the above

visceral and parietal pleura