PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION = J. EVALUATING MESSAGES AND IMAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS

HOW IS THE MAIN POINT SUPPORTED?

- It depends on the format and purpose of the message. An online research article, for example, may use citations, experiments, observations, interviews, statistical data, or graphics to support its main point, while an online advertisement may use demonstrations and testimonials to promote a product. - Moreover, readers should also check the accuracy of the message. Double-checking facts and details should be done to recognize flaws in logic. Therefore, it is important to understand the difference of these three: 1. Fact 2. Opinion 3. Claim

IMPLICIT MAIN POINT

- It is a type of main point that is covertly expressed in the text and can only be extracted based on suggestive features such as, graphics, images, or sound effects. - Not expressed clearly, indirectly stated.

LIGHTING

- Low ______ suggests sadness or fear. - Bright _______ conveys happiness or joy. - Soft ________ expresses beauty and romance. Use color and tone to reflect the mood you are trying to create in your image.

2 TYPES OF MAIN POINT

1 Explicit 2. Implicitly

CRITICAL THINKING INVLOVES

1. Carefully considering and evaluating a reading text 2. Identifying the strengths and implications of the text; 3. Identifying the weaknesses of the text; and 4. Looking at the image and deciding how the reading fits into the greater academic context

2 TYPES OF MEDIUM

1. Digital media 2. Conventional media

THREE MAIN CATEGORIES OF OWNERSHIP

1. Goverment 2. Corporations 3. Individualsduals

LYNCH QUALIFIES THAT CRITICAL THINKING ARE

1. It is being able to identify an argument's strengths and shortcomings. 2. It entails being able to distinguish between an argument's fact, theory, and views. 3. Allows for thinking outside of the box; 4. Allows for compromise and growth; 5. Involves being able to judge the credibility of sources; 6. Requires accessing the quality of evidence; 7. Involves discerning relationships between ideas; 8. Involves priorities on what to remember and in what context; 9. Allows for fewer mistakes and reduces trial and error in everyday life; 10. Does not mean negative thinking; 11. Is a normal process that requires practice and reinforcement; 12. Requires an open mind and the ability to consider and understand all sides of an issue, and; 13. Means replacing name calling and images with reason compromise and the ability to persuade instead of attack

THE FIVE SEMIOTIC SYSTEMS

1. Linguistic 2. Visual 3.Aural 4. Action 5. Spatial

THREE FORMS OF MULTIMODAL TEXTS

1. Paper 2. Digital 3.Live

EVALUATION CHECKLIST FOR MULTIMODAL TEXTS by Thoughtful Learning (2014)

1. Source 2. Message 3.Medium 4. Audience 5. Context

CAMERA ANGLE ( High angle)

A __________ angle view makes people or things appear smaller and less significant.

CAMERA ANGLE (Low Angle)

A ___________ angle view makes people or things appear larger than they actually are, often indicating importance.

Pardo (2004)

According to_____________. texts share traits including understanding the author's goal, the t social purpose, how it is structured, how effectively it is written, the subject matter, vocabulary, language choices, reading level, and other surface features

Pardo (2004)

According to______________ Understanding how text elements affect reading comprehension is crucial, especially when comparing print-based and multimodal texts.

2. MESSAGE

After assessing the source, you should look at the text itself to figure out what it means. a) What does the __________ say? You may ask questions such as: •What is the subject? • What is the main point? • How is the main point supported? b) Is the information fair and logical? c) What points of view are shared in the _________ ? Which ones are left out? d) What images or sounds catch your attention?

TEXT

Any object that can be "read,"

CRITICAL READING OF MULTIMODAL TEXTS

Critical reading is the process of reading that goes beyond comprehension of a text. It means to say that one to be a critical reader must be actively involved in responding to the reading text. It is very useful at all stages of academic study but is particularly important when evaluating messages of multimodal texts.

b) Is the information fair and logical?

EVALUATING LOGIC AND BALANCE - Examine the source's reasoning when assessing a message, as gaps or errors might invalidate the conclusion. Is the information fair and logical? Check for definitions, logic, and reasoning errors. Check for accuracy. - The argument must be balanced and address the issue from relevant angles. Check for unanswered questions, bias, alternate perspectives, and counter - arguments.

1.Fact 2.Opinion 3. Claim

Important things to check to recognize flaws in logic

BIASED STATEMENT

Is characterized by prejudice, partiality, or preference for or against a person, an object, or an idea.

WHAT IS THE MAIN POINT

It Is is equivalent to the source's major idea, It may be expressed openly (Explicit) or implicitly in the text. There are 2 Types of ______________ 1 Explicit 2. Implicitly

MULTIMODAL TEXTS

It combines of two or more semiotic systems

WHAT IS THE SUBJECT

It concerns on what is talked about in the text. It may be a person, product, service, place, program,

4.ACTION

It denotes the movement, facial expression, and body language of the characters.

5. SPATIAL

It indicates proximity, direction, position of layout, and organization

Live

It is a form of actual performance or an event

TEXT

It is a piece of literature, a street sign, clothing brand, and give informative message

TEXT

It is a piece of literature, a street sign, clothing brand, and give informative message.

Digital

It is computer-based like slide presentations, emails, ebooks, blogs, eposters, web pages, social media, animations, films, movies, video games.

2. VISUAL

It pertains to the color, vectors and viewpoint in still and moving images.

1. LINGUISTIC

It refers to the linguistic components like vocabulary, structure, and grammar of a text.

1. SOURCE

It's important to know if the ___________ is a single person or a group, even though the number of writers doesn't prove the text's credibility. Check to see if the ___________ is trustworthy. You can always use your gut to figure out if a __________ is reliable or not.

1. Source 2.Message 3.Medium 4. Context

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE TEXT THAT NEED TO BE CONSIDER:

1. TO INFORM 2. TO ENTERTAIN 3. TO PERSUADE

THREE PURPOSE OF CONTEXT

3. Individualsduals

Texts and other media forms that are free of government and corporate influences are controlled by _____________________________

a) What does the message say?

in this question, you may ask such as: THE SUBJECT, MAIN POINT, SUPPORT •What is the subject? • What is the main point? • How is the main point supported?

CLAIM

is a debatable statement that can be supported with evidence and reason.

OPINION

is a self-report or attitudinal statement of feelings or personal judgment

FACTS

is a statement about the real world that can be shown to be true and can be checked for accuracy through gathering of evidence.

CRITICAL READING OF MULTIMODAL TEXTS

is the process of reading that goes beyond comprehension of a text.

4. AUDIENCE

personal emails, invitations to speak, or thank-you notes, that is for one _______

d) What images or sounds catch your attention? CREATING MEANING THROUGH IMAGES AND SOUNDS

Multimodal texts like presentations, advertisements, newscasts, videos, broadcasts, animation, infographics are created beyond words. can 2 Things that can affect your interpretation of a message. 1. Visual Elements: - Lighting. Low lighting suggests sadness or fear, while bright lighting conveys happiness or joy. Soft lighting expresses beauty and romance. Use color and tone to reflect the mood you are trying to create in your image. - Camera Angle. This visual element is used to position the viewers so that they can understand the relationship between the characters. It is very important in shaping meaning in film as well as in other visual texts. A low-angle view makes people or things appear larger than they actually are, often indicating importance. Conversely, a high angle view makes people or things appear smaller and less significant. - Composition. Visual elements should be arranged in a manner that they do not affect the viewer's perception. Arrangements such as, close ups of a face convey tension or intimacy, wider views showing people or things and their surroundings usually express significance of the setting. - Body Language. Non-linguistic elements like the body language are more revealing than words. They seem to be more catchy than the words provided in the text. 2. SOUND TECHNIQUES - Sound Effects. This sound technique that is added after the filming enhances a scene making it realistic although the effects themselves are often artificially produced. - Music. This is another sound technique that affects the mood and intensity of a scene. Fast-paced music use rhythm and volume to heighten drama and often accompany car chases, fight scenes, and other action-packed scenes. Slower, softer, intentionally expressive compositions can create tension and foreboding, as in gothic films. - Voice-over or Narration. Some videos or films and television shows use a narrator other than the characters in the story to speak to the audience. For example, a narrator may be assigned to describe the series of events portrayed in a video

1. Goverment

Multimodal texts that were created by _________ offices are state-owned and must be carefully evaluated for propaganda—publicity, advertising, marketing, and information dissemination.

BODY LANGUAGE

Non-linguistic elements like the__________ are more revealing than words. They seem to be more catchy than the words provided in the text

WHO CONTROLS THE TRANSMISSION OF THE MESSAGE?

One critical question in evaluating messages is on authorship. The creator of the message was already identified in the earlier section of this topic, but the question on ownership is another layer of analysis. The message is created by an author who controls the distribution or dissemination of the message. The three main categories of ownership are identified as: 1. Government. Multimodal texts that were created by government offices are state- owned and must be carefully evaluated for propaganda—publicity, advertising, marketing, and information dissemination. Most of the texts are available for references and have their predetermined retention periods. There are countries that do not allow freedom of the press and have even censored the Internet. However, other nations restrict independent voices and use the state-owned media as their mouthpiece. 2. Corporations. Most of the media messages are controlled by private companies. Different forms of multimodal texts like videos, newspapers, magazines, movies, web sites are controlled by giant corporations. These media forms are business motivated by commercial interests, which are gained through advertising. Audiences, readers and viewers alike should evaluate the message if it serves their best interests or the corporation's interest. 3. Individuals. Personal creations are independent media forms. Texts and other media forms that are free of government and corporate influences are controlled by individuals. Digital-based technologies have greatly helped and promoted independent media voices. Citizen journalism is a practice that has gained momentum and is now easy for the journalist to report meaningful news to a large audience due to digital media. Likewise, a widespread of audience has already advancing and enjoying to spread information through social media. All of these means of technology have brought an individual source to be capable producer and creator of meaningful, timely, and interesting messages.

4. AUDIENCE

Research reports, commercials, billboards, books, brochures, and other types of communication target broader ________

SEMIOTIC SYSTEMS

Semiotics system studies how signs—words, images, sounds , action, things- create meaning. Example: Grammar, Music, Body language, Architectural

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE TEXT

These are elements may affect how strong the message or the text is, how convincing it is. However, before you consider the message, you should build up a background information about the text or an image KEY ELEMENTS OF THE TEXT THAT NEED TO BE CONSIDER: 1. Source 2.Message 3.Medium 4. Context

2. Corporations

These media forms are business motivated by commercial interests, which are gained through advertising. Audiences, readers and viewers alike should evaluate the message if it serves their best interests or the ___________________ interest.

Paper

This form is print based, such as, books, comics, posters, magazines.

MUSIC

This is another sound technique that affects the mood and intensity of a scene. Fast-paced _______ use rhythm and volume to heighten drama and often accompany car chases, fight scenes, and other action-packed scenes. Slower, softer, intentionally expressive compositions can create tension and foreboding, as in gothic films.

5. CONTEXT

This is part of the Evaluation checklist. In this section it includes the purposes and authorship of the text.

4. AUDIENCE

This is part of the Evaluation checklist. Where _________ are the message recipients. Messages are made for people or groups.

3. MEDIUM

This is part of the evaluation checklist. It is used to transmit the message. It may be conventional or digital although they are often mixed up in a communication situation There are 2 Types of Medium : Digital media and Conventional media Conventional media are no less than the broadcast and print-based communication, while digital media include hypertext formats. According to Kitson (2011), hypertext refers to the structuring of information in blocks of text which are connected by electronic links.

COMPOSITION

This kind of Visual elements should be arranged in a manner that they do not affect the viewer's perception. Arrangements such as, close ups of a face convey tension or intimacy, wider views showing people or things and their surroundings usually express significance of the setting.

1. IDENTIFY SUPPORT FOR THE CLAIMS

This means performing research to determine the process the speaker used to actually gather facts and information. Look for things like dates and sources.

3. AURAL

This mode refers to the volume, pitch, and rhythm of music and sound effects of a presentation.

2. TO ENTERTAIN

This purpose is to amuses the audience. Some of these multimodal texts that aim to _________ are television sitcoms or primetime shows, movies, music, sports and travel broadcasts, social networks, magazines, and comics.

3. TO PERSUADE

This purpose is to provided with well-argued ideas that can influence your own beliefs and decisions.

1. TO INFORM

This purpose is to provides the audience with a clear understanding of the concept presented by the source. This messages are meant to ________ or educate are typically free from biased messages.

c) What points of view are shared in the message? Which ones are left out?

This questions answer about ; All multimodal text messages reflect the culture of their creators—their values, lifestyles, points of view, preferences, among other things. A rigorous analysis can tell you about the source's values and perspectives as well as those that are missing in the text.

SOUND EFFECTS

This sound technique that is added after the filming enhances the realism of a scene, despite the fact that the effects themselves are frequently synthetic.

CAMERA ANGLE

This visual element is used to position the viewers so that they can understand the relationship between the characters.

2. EVALUATE THE ARGUMENT OF THE SPEAKER OR TEXT

Try to figure out whether the speaker is using emotional appeals, a logical argument or actual evidence to state the case. Sometimes, a speaker uses overstatements to stress a point and to make it more appealing. It is perfectly legal, but it can be misleading.

1. LIGHTING 2. CAMERA ANGLE 3. COMPOSITION 4. BODY LANGUAGE

Visual elements

EVALUATION OF MULTIMODAL TEXTS

Whenever you ______ ______________ you are able to apply what you have learned about critical reading and listening to improve your performance and overall experience. Using the evaluation checklist provided by Thoughtful Learning (2014) in evaluating messages

2. Digital Media

________ media include hypertext formats.. According to Kitson (2011), hypertext refers to the structuring of information in blocks of text which are connected by electronic links. Example: Website, emails, eBooks, smart phone

5. CONTEXT

________ serve at least one of three purposes: to inform, to entertain, or to persuade.

Kadjan-Baumeyer (2018)

_________ Claims that listening is a critical thinking activity;

1. Conventional

__________ media are no less than the broadcast and print-based communication. Broadcast- Movies, Television, radio Print based- Letters, Comics, Billboards

Kadjan-Baumeyer

____________ Said that, to analyze multimodal texts, readers and listeners needs to perform 2 ways 2 WAYS HOW TO ANALYZE MULTIMODAL TEXTS 1. Identify support for the claims. 2. Evaluate the argument of the speaker or the text.

INDICATORS OF BIASED STATEMENT

a. The language is offensive; expressions might be biased in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability. b. The message appeals more to the emotion rather than to reason or logic. c. Ideas are worded with the intent to oversimplify or overgeneralize. d. The message is one-sided, or it only presents a limited viewpoint.

CRITICAL READING OF MULTIMODAL TEXTS

the process of reading that goes beyond comprehension of a text. It means to say that one to be a critical reader must be actively involved in responding to the reading text. It is very useful at all stages of academic study but is particularly important when evaluating messages of multimodal texts. It involves: 1. Carefully considering and evaluating a reading text; 2. Identifying the strengths and implications of the text; 3. Identifying the weaknesses of the text; and 4. Looking at the image and deciding how the reading fits into the greater academic context.

NARRATION

thing sound technique use a ______ other than the characters in the story to speak to the audience. For example, a _______ may be assigned to describe the series of events portrayed in a video

EXPLICIT MAIN POINT

this main point is well expressed in the text. It obvious and apparent; directly stated.