PY 201 Chapter 13
Esme believes that alcohol dependence is a disease like high cholesterol or pneumonia, and can be cured or prevented with proper treatment. Which domain of abnormal behavior would this be?
Medical model
Which abnormal behavior model attempts to explain abnormal behavior on the basis of underlying biological issues?
Medical model
Tiffany is a graduate student preparing a presentation for her psychology project. She is interested in learning the biological factors involved in people who experience anxiety-related disorders. She finds a specialized researcher in the field who is allowing her to interview him. The researcher explains that the compelling biological underpinnings of anxiety-related disorders include
Not genetic code mapping in identity genetic... or misinterpretations of bodily sensations...
Wayne is at a rock concert when he starts to experience fear, difficulty breathing, and sweating. His heart is pounding hard and he fears he's having a heart attack. Assuming he is not having a heart attack, which diagnosis is most accurate?
Panic attack
Which of the following disorders is characterized by sudden and unpredictable episodes of sheer terror?
Panic disorder
Based on diagnostic criteria, which example would best be described as abnormal?
Refusing to leave your home b/c it induces anxiety to go out
Phoebe often feels bored, empty, and is terrified of being alone. She clings desperately to her friends because of her fear of abandonment, but her friends are weary of the clinginess. A therapist might view these behaviors as a possible
borderline personality disorder.
Teddy suffers from schizophrenia. Frequently she claims she smells sulphur and sees a shadowy figure. Teddy is probably suffering from a
hallucination
Using certain drugs may cause a user to see things that are not really there. This is an example of a
hallucination
The hallucinations that people with schizophrenia experience most likely involve
hearing things that aren't there.
Dr. Ferguson needs to help Jessica understand what factors contribute to her major depressive disorder. His explanation will probably include
psychological and biological causes.
Distinctive patterns of abnormal behavior within the medical model best describes
psychological disorders
Mental disorders or mental illnesses can also be called
psychological disorders
Abnormal behavior can be
Not diagnosed using social norm ideals or easily observed and reported
Donna has been having headaches lately and jumps to the conclusion that she must have a brain tumor that is growing larger by the day. What conclusion might a therapist draw by her beliefs?
She has a psychological condition called hypochondriasis.
How could you explain the difference between anxiety and fear?
A fear is a natural biological response to a stimulus while anxiety is a prolonged disproportionate feeling of fear.
What course of action would be most helpful when approaching someone with suicidal thoughts?
Accompany her to a local hospital emergency room
Which of the following emotions is most characteristic of a person with antisocial personality disorder?
Callous
A delusion that is experienced by someone with schizophrenia is most likely to be something they
think
The central component of the psychodynamic model is that
unconscious beliefs are at the root of abnormal behavior patterns.
Robert may have antisocial personality disorder. Which of the following criteria would a mental health professional have to take into account to determine this?
A lack of remorse and shame, and exhibiting self-centeredness
What is the best definition of a phobia?
A persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation
From a cognitive approach to depressive disorders, which of the following examples best explains who is at greater risk of depression?
A person who lives alone
A therapist who prescribes Prozac for a patient with depression is taking which factor into consideration?
Biological
Ted is irritable and frequently on edge. This can trigger angry outbursts targeted at his girlfriend for no reason. He is quick to apologize and express his need for her because he doesn't want her to leave. Which of the following best explains these tendencies?
Borderline personality disorder
What type of biopsychosocial model relates to developing disorders from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental circumstances?
Diathesis-stress model
Given the research on factors related to manifesting schizophrenia, which person has a higher chance of developing the disorder in the same family?
Identical twin
Which of the following sets of symptoms would best describe a phobic disorder?
Irrational and extreme fear of an object or situation
Which of the following would be the best explanation of acrophobia?
Ishmael, who is afraid to get off the elevator at the top of the Empire State Building to see the panoramic view and how high up it is
How is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders organized?
It classifies disorders based on their features or symptoms and organizes them by similarities.
Which of the following is considered a myth when it comes to suicide?
Most people who are suicidal will not give clues about their intentions.
For those with schizophrenia, which type of symptoms make it more difficult to meet the demands of daily life?
Negative
Which part of the brain shows abnormality in persons with antisocial personality disorder?
Prefrontal cortex
Which example best illustrates a phobia?
Shonda, who is afraid of spiders that she doesn't like to go outside and especially refuses to go into the basement of her house alone.
What is the best way to explain to someone why dissociative and somatic and related disorders are grouped together?
These disorders involve psychological defenses against anxiety.
Which statement best differentiates borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder?
Those with borderline personality disorders experience intense mood swings that are not experienced in those with antisocial personality disorders.
A person who has an excessive fear of heights has
acrophobia
Schizophrenia typically develops in
adolescence to early adulthood
Anxiety is best explained as
an emotional state of uneasiness or distress associated with apprehension about the future.
An example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia is
an expressionless face
People who have difficulty controlling their anger, and are prone to fights or smashing things, are exhibiting characteristics consistent with
borderline personality disorder
People who perceive things as all good or all bad, and shift their opinions abruptly from one extreme to another, are exhibiting characteristics in line with
borderline personality disorder
Self-inflicted injury is a characteristic most associated with people who have
borderline personality disorder
Bonnie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has been known to sit for hours staring at a wall with no movement and shows no responses to her surroundings. This is best explained as
catatonic behavior
Theorists who focus on distorted thinking and interpreting events in an overly negative way are associated with
cognition
If a person with schizophrenia believes that they are Christopher Columbus, they are likely experiencing a
delusion
Suicide has the closest correlation with
depression
If a person has a vulnerability or predisposition to develop a disorder, it is called
diathesis
Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
Disorders that involve changes in consciousness, memory, or self-identity are called
dissociative disorders.
Phobias are best explained as
irrational or excessive fears of particular objects or situations.
The concordance rate for schizophrenia has been found to be more common in identical twins than fraternal twins. This data may suggest that schizophrenia
is caused in part by genetic factors.
Which among the following may be a causal factor in borderline personality disorder?
A history of physical or sexual abuse and neglect in childhood
The study of how maladaptive behaviors, such as phobias, are learned or acquired through experiences is the
behavioral model.
Lamar has confined himself to his house because he is fearful of being overwhelmed with anxiety. The thought of going outside terrifies him. What disorder is Lamar most likely experiencing?
Agoraphobia
Which of the following emotions is most characteristic of a person with borderline personality disorder?
Anger
Psychopaths or sociopaths are another name for people with which of the following disorders?
Antisocial personality disorder
Miriam, who is diagnosed with schizophrenia, stands posed like a statue for hours at a time. What is this type of behavior called?
Catatonic
Elliott sees a therapist for the anxiety he feels when trying to talk to girls. His therapist tells him that his anxiety is the result of his own self-defeating attitudes, irrational self-talk, and harsh judgments of himself. What treatment model is the therapist using?
Cognitive model
Social phobia, specific phobia, and agoraphobia are three types of phobia classifications included in the
DSM-5
What reference book is used to diagnose psychological disorders in America?
DSM-5
When considering causal factors in suicide, therapists must keep in mind biological factors that can also be linked to depression. What is the best example of this?
Disinhibition effect
Samantha was assaulted and suffered a head injury. She cannot answer simple questions like her name, age, or where she lives. Based on these circumstances, what is the most likely diagnosis a doctor will come to?
Dissociative amnesia
While in therapy, Duane discovers that he is living with two other people inside his mind. They help him when he needs it and they each have their own experiences and memories that Dave does not have. The two separate personalities are named Tracy and Rex. Given his symptoms, what could Duane's therapist treat him for?
Dissociative identity disorder
Dr. Ishmael is treating his patient, Trey, for schizophrenia. He needs to explain the biochemical imbalances that affect schizophrenic tendencies. Which of the following is the best explanation he could use?
Dopamine imbalances in the brain contribute to hallucinations...
Which of the following would be the best example illustrating a social phobia?
Duane, who is afraid to ask girls out on dates because of his fear of rejection.
Todd is a janitor at a casino. He came to see a therapist because of his feelings of anxiety. His therapist detects a strong disinfectant smell when he meets Todd and asks him about it. Todd confesses that he is afraid of contracting a disease from his cleaning duties and feels compelled to disinfect his hands after each cleaning for a minimum of 15 minutes and up to 30 times per day. It's becoming difficult for him to touch anything for fear of contamination. What will Todd's therapist most likely conclude, given this information?
Due to the repetitive nature of his hand washing rituals and fear of contamination, he probably has OCD.
Which of the following statements best explains the causal factors of antisocial personality disorder?
Evidence points to biological and environmental factors.
In which of the following disorders does a person experience persistent, constant anxiety not tied to any particular object or situation?
Generalized anxiety disorder
You and your friend Tammy are learning about abnormal behavior. Tammy doesn't understand the difference between a delusion and a hallucination when reading about faulty interpretations of reality. How can you distinguish between the two to help her understand?
Hallucinations occur with sensory information and delusions occur with faulty perceptions/beliefs.
Allen is perpetually bored and never satisfied with anything he does long-term. He has started to use drugs and commit theft as a means to feel excitement and is now involved in the legal system. Which among the following would be the best course of action to help Allen?
He could see a therapist to be evaluated for possible antisocial personality disorder.
Malcolm grew up in a home with little nurturing, and is often unfeeling with others. He becomes quickly bored and is described by his friends as a thrill seeker who often breaks the rules. Things quickly reel out of control at parties where he overindulges in alcohol and recreational drugs. If a mental health professional were to look at this case, which of the following is a plausible deduction?
He may have antisocial personality disorder.
Emmanuel has an immediate and irrational anxiety to seeing blood, which has been with him for years. Which of the following would a therapist most likely tell him?
He probably has a specific phobia and needs to seek treatment.
A person alternating between emotional highs and lows with impulsive actions has a pattern of behavior best associated with
borderline personality disorder.
Richard tends to take things that go wrong in his life extremely personally. He was just passed over for a promotion at work and now thinks his career in that firm is completely over. Which explanation would be the best way for a cognitive theorist to explain this circumstance?
It is a cognitive distortion.
Hadid is in the emergency room due to sudden inability to move his legs. Doctors have not been able to determine a medical reason for the paralysis, and oddly, Hadid does not appear to be bothered by it. Hadid's underreaction can also be referred to as
La belle indifference
Susan is a victim of domestic abuse. Whenever her husband gets angry, he beats her and then begs for forgiveness. Susan stays because she is afraid to leave due to lack of resources, support, and the feeling that this relationship is the best that she can have. How would a therapist explain Susan's refusal to leave her abusive situation?
Learned helplessness
Data indicates that the prefrontal cortex is compromised in patients with schizophrenia. What other part of the brain is also affected?
Limbic system
Researchers claim that life stress contributes to development and recurrence of mood disorders. Which example would demonstrate this best?
Losing a job so bills cannot be paid
If Gordon believes his dead grandmother talks to him, what does his therapist need to do before labeling it abnormal?
Not Ask him if it only happens during the day...
Which example would best illustrate the sociocultural abnormal behavior model?
Not Emily or Trent
Which attributional cause would explain why you feel that you cannot learn coding in your technology class?
Not Global
Ira is an accountant who thinks he is Julius Caesar, head of the Roman Empire. He demands blind obedience from his co-workers, which he calls his loyal subjects. His wife is called to take him to a doctor. What is the doctor likely to suggest?
Not He may have dissociative disorder
Jermaine is in therapy due to obsessive thoughts and an inability to complete ordinary daily activities without having to constantly go back and recheck or recomplete the activities. What should Jermaine's therapist consider when diagnosing?
Not Jermaine's tendency to be a perfectionistic is...
Sarah is very dependent on her circle of friends and sometimes is overly demanding of them. When her friends try to establish boundaries, Sarah responds with raging anger, which makes the relationships even more strained. If a therapist determined that Sarah has borderline personality disorder, which other key symptom should they be looking for?
Not Self-adulation
Trey is trying to pass the bar exam so he can practice law. He failed it two times and tells his friends, "The test is just too hard." Which attributional cause would explain this statement?
Not Stable attribution
Which person would most likely benefit from the sociocultural model of abnormal behavior treatment?
Not Sydney
How many adult Americans develop a diagnosable psychological disorder at some point in their life?
Not about one-fourth or about a third
Carolina will not leave the house in the morning until she systematically checks every electrical outlet and light switch multiple times. She has even been known to turn around en route to work to go back home to recheck. If Carolina made the decision to abruptly change this behavior, what could be a likely outcome?
Not carolina will likely feel very uncomfortable... or carolina will eventually feel better...
If a therapist is asked to demonstrate how abnormal behavior is diagnosed, the best way to do this would be to
Not discuss tolerance and empathy...
A psychological disorder characterized by a change in, or loss of, a physical function that cannot be explained medically best illustrates a
Not dissociative identity disorder
A pattern of behavior that greatly differs from one's cultural social context is considered to be
Not dysfunctional
Within the last year, Mr. Hoshimoto was fired by three different employers for embezzling money. Although he feels no remorse, he pretends to be sorry, which helped convince each of his former employers from taking him to court. A mental health expert could conclude that he shows signs of
antisocial personality disorder
Which of the following sets of symptoms would best describe a generalized anxiety disorder?
Persistent, excessive worry
Mr. Talbot has schizophrenia. His therapist needs to explain the difference between positive symptoms and negative symptoms associated with the disorder. Which of the following is the best way to explain it?
Positive symptoms are behavioral excesses and neg symp are behavioral def
Which of the following could best explain an obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Repeated, uncontrollable thoughts or behaviors
Which of the following best explains obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Sal leaves his house to go to work, but as he drives, he is obsessing over whether he turned off the kitchen lights. He turns around, returns home, and the proceeds to flip the light switch 15 times before he feels comfortable leaving again.
In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be full of unrelated or meaningless words and phrases that make no sense?
Schizophrenia
Sydney has mood fluctuations ranging from extreme optimism to a sense of hopelessness. Sometimes she stays in bed for days and other days, she stays awake with tireless energy being very productive. Given these symptoms, what might a therapist conclude about Sydney's state of mental health?
She is probably experiencing bipolar disorder.
A therapist is seeing Joan for depression. Joan confesses that she has been drinking alcohol more than usual to help curb her symptoms. What other possibility must Joan's therapist take into consideration?
She may also be thinking of suicide.
The psychodynamic model used in explaining abnormal behavior was developed by
Sigmund Freud
Dr. Carlson specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to function within the norms of their culture. Which criteria of abnormality best describes her focus?
Social deviance
Tanika took her comprehensive math exam. She told her friend, "The only part I couldn't do was the factoring questions." Which attributional cause explains her thoughts?
Specific attribution
You and your friend Suzanne go to the mall for a shopping excursion. While browsing the busy department store, Suzanne suddenly comes over to you clutching her chest, struggling for breath, and explains that she thinks that she is going to die. If Suzanne is not having a medical issue, what is the best conclusion that you can come to?
Suzanne is having a panic attack.
Psychological disorders characterized by excessive or inappropriate anxiety reactions are called
anxiety-related disorders
Which statement best illustrates how schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder are similar?
They both have casual factors related to biology and environment.
Tony is 33 years old, intelligent, and charming. He has charmed many elderly people out of their retirement money with phony investments. He feels no remorse for stealing and is not afraid of getting caught. Police, in fact, did catch him. A mental health specialist might conclude that he could be diagnosed with
antisocial personality disorder
Phobias, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder would be classified as
anxiety-related disorders.
Which type of disorder causes a breakdown in the logical structure of thought and speech, often displayed in the form of a loosening of associations?
Thought disorder
Tim is in a mental hospital suffering from schizophrenia. He sits motionless for long periods of time. A fellow patient comes along and moves his arms in different positions. Tim holds those poses. How would you identify this action?
Waxy flexibility
Dorothy describes herself as a constant worrier and reports feeling stressed all of the time. Since her mother became chronically ill, her symptoms have worsened due to the added responsibility of taking care of her. Dorothy complains of constant muscle pain, upset stomach, feeling dizzy, and an overwhelming sense of constant dread. Given your knowledge of anxiety-related disorders, what is the best advice you might give her?
You could recommend that she see a therapist for possible generalized anxiety disorder.
Adam was playing in a high stakes high school football game. His coach called him over to explain that the next play was crucial for defense. Suddenly, without warning, a feeling of sheer terror engulfed Adam. He began sweating, trembling, and could not catch his breath. A therapist could conclude that Adam's symptoms are indicative of
a panic attack due to the high stress of the situation.
Howard lives at a hotel and refuses to leave his room because the thought of venturing out is overwhelming. He calls room service for food and has anything else he needs delivered to his door. His refusal to leave the safety of his room would most likely be indicative of
agoraphobia
Humanistic theorists believe that people with psychological problems need to
become more aware of their true feelings and to accept themselves for who they truly are.
A person who refuses to use an elevator despite having to climb several flights of stairs everyday would best be described as someone with
claustrophobia
If identical twins both develop schizophrenia, it is called a
concordance rate
A false belief held in contrast to reality could be referred to as a(n)
delusion
People who experience claustrophobia have an excessive fear of
enclosed spaces.
PET scan images of schizophrenic patients versus normal controls show that those with schizophrenia have abnormalities in the
frontal lobes of the brain.
The type of dissociative amnesia where people forget their entire lives such as their name, who they are related to, and what they do for a living is called
generalized amnesia.
Experiencing persistent anxiety not tied to any particular object or situation, but explained as having a chronic, free-floating quality best illustrates
generalized anxiety disorder.
The premise that human beings possess an intrinsic ability to make conscious choices and strive toward self-actualization illustrates the
humanistic model
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are key theorists in the
humanistic model.
An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by
lack of guilty feelings.
If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the body, this would give credibility to the
medical model
Psychological disorders explained as biologically-based sicknesses illustrates the
medical model.
If an individual with schizophrenia is seeing a one-eyed monster on a normal person's face, they are experiencing a
not hallucination
A hallucination that is experienced by someone with schizophrenia is most likely to be something they
not see
Alicia is compelled to wash her hands seven times a day for fifteen minutes each time. Her mother cannot make her stop. If she takes Alicia to a therapist, it is likely that the therapist will diagnose her with
obsessive-compulsive disorder
An individual who experiences persistent obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behaviors or rituals is likely suffering from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
The diathesis-stress model explains that schizophrenia results from the interaction
of genetics and stressful life events
A severe psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior best illustrates
schizorphrenia.
One of the main goals to achieve in the humanistic model is
self-actualization
The humanistic theorists believe in the importance of
self-actualization
A person with an excessive fear of social situations best describes
social anxiety disorder
Richard decides to see a therapist because he wants to go back to college after a hiatus. He shares with his therapist that he quit school because of his intense fear of interacting with other students as well as the instructors, and he especially has trouble with the thought of having to speak in front of a class. Since this is not a new problem to him, he felt the need to seek help. His therapist is likely to conclude that Richard has
social anxiety disorder
The sociocultural model emphasizes abnormal behavior in terms of
social ills that contribute to developing abnormal behaviors.
Before abnormal behavior was considered a mental illness, it was believed that abnormal behavior was caused by
supernatural forces
Somatic symptom disorder has physical symptoms
that do not have an underlying medical cause.
Cognitive theorists, Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis believe
that irrational or distorted thinking leads to emotional problems and maladaptive behaviors.