PYSC 1101-Openstax Chapter 4

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?

Feelings of intense elation and pleasure

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep?

Four

Katia is experiencinga state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.

Hypnosis

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

Jemma, competing in a marathon

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

John Hobson

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.

Lucid

n a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

Lucid

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

Meditation

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

Night terrors

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

Opioid

_______ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.

Parasomnia

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?

She is a Jungian dream analyst.

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD.

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.

Sleep rebound

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

Stimulant

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A theta wave is a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli."

The words "theta wave" should be changed to the phrase "K-complex."

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

Tolerance

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________.

at least three nights a week for one month

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.

changes in normal bodily function

The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

circadian

_______theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.

dissociative

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.

external

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

kicking and punching while asleep

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

latent

A theta wave is a type of ________.

low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.

manifest

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

melatonin

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________

narcolepsy

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________.

outside periods of REM sleep

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.

social-cognitive

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.

somnambulism

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

Circadian

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ______.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.