PYSC multiple choice quiz ch1
A psychologist who studies information processing and decision making would probably be considered a a. social psychologist. b. physiological psychologist. c. developmental psychologist. d. cognitive psychologist.
D
The idea that you should reward yourself for achieving study goals is based on the concept of a. genetic predisposition. b. empiricism. c. unconscious motivation. d. behavior modification.
D
The most widely practiced professional specialty in psychology is a. experimental psychology. b. industrial/organizational psychology. c. educational and school psychology. d. clinical psychology.
D
The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is most consistent with the views of a. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Carl Rogers. c. B. F. Skinner. d. Sigmund Freud.
D
Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective? a. They try to simplify their research problems. b. They also try to remain somewhat subjective. c. They emphasize the study of internal mechanisms. d. They consistently apply the scientific method.
D
Which of the following statements BEST reflects the current thinking about evolutionary psychology? a. It is a radical perspective supported by a small group of "revolutionary" scientists. b. It is a widely accepted approach to the study of human behavior. c. It is a simplistic rehash of ideas proposed by Charles Darwin over 140 years ago. d. It is a thought-provoking, innovative perspective that is rapidly gaining influence.
D
According to modern cognitive psychologists, critical thinking has two main components: the cognitive component, and the______ component.
Emotional
B. F. Skinner's conclusion that "free will is an illusion" was based on his belief that people are under the control of their _______
Environment
16. ______was based on the notion that the task of psychology is to investigate how the elements of consciousness are related to each other.
Structuralism
Advocates of the ___________ perspective maintain that much of human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that allow organisms to behave.
biological
Examining behavior in terms of its adaptive value for a given species over a number of generations is consistent with the______ approach to psychology
evolutionary
psychologist who studies attitude formation and change would probably be considered a psychologist __________
social
Apparently unrelated observations can sometimes be linked together and explained through the use of a well-constructed_____
theory
Research findings suggest that when students engage in attentive note taking, they are more likely to a. be able to identify and remember the most important points from a lecture. b. have problems distinguishing important from unimportant information. c. recall the information they find particularly interesting. d. participate in class discussions.
A
The first woman to serve as President of the American Psychological Association was a. Mary Calkins. b. Anna Freud. c. Leta Hollingworth. d. Margaret Washburn.
A
The notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is most closely linked with a. Wilhelm Wundt. b. Sigmund Freud. c. William James. d. John B. Watson.
A
The school of psychology that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, and suggests that we have a drive for personal growth is a. humanism. b. functionalism. c. psychoanalysis. d. behaviorism.
A
The school of psychology that suggests psychologists should study only what can be objectively observed is a. behaviorism. b. humanism. c. structuralism. d. functionalism.
A
Which of the following do behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory have in common? a. the implication that people are not masters of their own destinies b. the notion that unconscious motives have a major influence on behavior c. an emphasis on the role of sexuality in behavior d. a resistance to the use of animal subjects in psychological research
A
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist? a. shaping behavior by reinforcement b. the development of language c. how people reason to solve problems d. how we remember things
A
The notion that all behavior is fully governed by external stimuli is most consistent with a. functionalism. b. behaviorism. c. structuralism. d. humanism.
B
The idea that psychology should only study observable events is the cornerstone of the school of psychology known as ____
Behaviouralism
During World War II, many academic psychologists were pressed into service, mainly as a. physicians. b. military leaders. c. clinicians. d. teachers.
C
The first applied arm of psychology to emerge was ______ psychology.
Clinical
_____ includes socially shared values and norms that are transmitted across generations.
culture