pysch chapter 4

Identify the examples that support the theory that sleeping is adaptive because it facilitates learning.

David takes a nap after studying and gets a higher grade on his exam than his roommate who stayed up all night studying. Suhana dreams about the speech she needs to give. The next day she remembers all of her main points, earning an A on her speech. When Shanti spent a semester studying and traveling in a different country she had more dreams.

Which of the following scenarios support the dissociation theory of hypnosis?

Following hypnosis, Berta was able to undergo dental surgery with milder anesthesia than she would normally have required. Jomo was looking at a black-and-white picture after being hypnotized. When he was asked to imagine it in color, parts of his visual cortex involved in color perception became active.

dreams can be used to access unconscious conflicts

Freud's interpretation of dreams theory

Which of the following could be effects of two to three days of sleep deprivation?

Joni keeps nodding off while reading a novel, even though she likes the book. Anastasiya is supposed to be counting bacteria on microscope slides, but she finds it impossible to concentrate.

Which of the following are happening during REM sleep?

People's eyes dart around. The brain produces beta waves. Muscles are paralyzed. There is high activity in the occipital lobe.

While dreaming that he was fighting in a boxing match, Joseph found that he was actually punching his pillow.

REM behavior disorder

illogical, bizarre and highly visual experiences when asleep

REM dreams

Given your knowledge of circadian rhythms of sleep/wake cycles, which of the following would aid in a restful sleep?

Take melatonin. Close or cover your eyes. Turn off the lights. Go to sleep at the same time every night.

Which of the following examples would lend support to the restorative theory of why sleep is adaptive?

When Priscilla fractured her ankle, she took extra naps during the day and slept through the night. Johnny is 9 years old and sleeps a lot every night. He experiences a growth spurt and is 2 inches taller the next month. When Ibrahim is sick, he sleeps for two straight days.

dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories

activation synthesis theory

type of consciousness needed to perform quick, automatic behaviors or habits

automatic processing

Place the brain waves in order from fastest to slowest.

beta, alpha, theta, delta

failure to notice large changes in one's environment

change blindness

Paula focuses her attention on her breath while sitting quietly.

concentrative meditation

subjective experience of the world

consciousness

type of consciousness needed to perform slow, deliberate, and intentional tasks

controlled processing

Match each drug class to its effects on the brain and body. decrease physical activity and mental processes increase physical activity and mental processes lessen the experience of pain alter perceptions and thoughts

depressants stimulants opioids hallucinogens

As soon as her homework is done, Sarah watches six episodes of a TV comedy.

escapist activity

When Sami is concentrated on writing music, she loses track of time and feels fulfilled.

flow activity

Margaret is in a highly suggestible state. She follows instructions and performs actions as directed.

hypnosis

Which of the following are effects of marijuana?

impaired motor coordination slower reaction times impaired memory formation distorted perceptions

Janet lies awake for hours, unable to fall asleep.

insomnia

what a dream symbolizes

latent content

the literal content of a dream

manifest content

MDMA, also known as Molly or ecstasy, has been popular at nightclubs and raves since the 1990s. Which of the following are effects of this drug?

memory impairment from long-term use possibility of death if pills contain other dangerous substances boost of energy mild hallucinations

David sits quietly observing his thoughts without reacting to them or pursuing them.

mindfulness meditation

Sundil was worried when his date seemed to suddenly fall asleep and went completely limp.

narcolepsy

the experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep

non-REM dreams

Bruce's wife complains that he snores loudly during sleep, repeatedly wakes up to breathe, and is sleepy during the day.

obstructive sleep apnea

Match each drug class to the associated reaction. Margarita is experiencing no pain and feels a sense of euphoria. Romeo feels a burst of energy, decreased fatigue, and decreased need for sleep. Aviva feels as if time has slowed to a crawl. The furniture in the room seems to be turning into animals. Tomas feels relaxed and less anxious. He has trouble with motor coordination.

opioid depressant stimulant hallucinogen

Identify the health benefits associated with practicing meditation.

reduced stress hormones reduced blood pressure improved attention preservation of gray matter as people age reduced cholesterol levels improved immune system functioning

After the monks have chanted for many hours, they feel euphoric and outside themselves.

religious ecstasy

Mateo is listening to a song through one earbud. He repeats the lyrics to himself as he tries to learn the song. He doesn't hear the conversation going on right next to him until his name is mentioned.Which of the following concepts explain what Mateo does and doesn't hear?

selective listening shadowing selective attention

Anne was found walking down to her basement while she was in deep sleep.

somnambulism

processing sensory information without conscious awareness

subliminal perception

Jamie has been having trouble sleeping.Which of the following behaviors may interfere with his ability to sleep?

updating his Facebook page before bedtime counting sheep going on late-evening runs napping in the daytime to catch up on lost sleep having a beer with his roommate before bed