Pysch Chapter 7

Stephen Ceci and Maggie Bruck's study of children's memories showed that _____ percent of the children who had not received genital examinations from a pediatrician still pointed to either genital or anal areas when asked where they were examined.

55

Henri and Beth each want to improve their performance on their next psychology test. Beth reviews the material for thirty minutes each day and then goes to bed early the night before the exam. Henri decides to devote the entire night before the exam to studying so that the material will be fresh. Who has used the most effective strategy?

Beth

Which phrase BEST describes the typical forgetting curve?

a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter

Automatic processing is an unconscious, effortless encoding of information about:

all of the answers are correct

This literally means "without memory."

amnesia

Katrina studied the Russian language in high school. Although not fluent, she did accumulate a large vocabulary. Years later, she decided to go to Russia, so she wanted to brush up on her vocabulary. She picked up the vocabulary much more quickly because:

it is easier to relearn; that is, to learn the material for a second time.

John has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. While he is quite forgetful, he is still able to recall events from his teenage and young adult years. His _____ memory is still intact.

long-term

Luca has been studying all week for his biology final exam. He studies until he is ready to go to bed because he knows that information presented within _____ hour(s) before sleep will be well remembered.

one

One way to test memory is to check the speed of _____ for things that a person once learned but has since forgotten.

relearning

When a person encodes a piece of target information, other bits of information become associated with it. The bits of information connected with the target information are known as

retrieval cues

This type of memory is the first stage in forming explicit memories.

sensory memory

Theo suffers from depression and is currently in treatment. His physician is using electroconvulsive therapy, which will affect his _____ memory.

short-term

Which method does NOT improve your memory?

sleeping less

It is common to recognize a person but to have no idea where we met him. Or, people may HEAR something but later recall instead that they SAW it. This type of misattribution is known as:

source amnesia.

_____was to the study of memory as Ivan Pavlov was to the study of conditioning.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

On a business trip last year, Susan and Pam flew from Los Angeles to Boston. Susan really hates to fly. In the middle of the flight, Susan and Pam experienced 20 minutes of very severe turbulence. Susan remembers this incident as if it were yesterday, but Pam cannot recall it. Why?

Susan experienced emotion-triggered hormonal changes.

The processing of information into the memory system is called

encoding.

The _____ is the neural center involved in processing explicit memories for storage.

hippocampus

Which method is an effective way to minimize proactive and retroactive interference?

studying before sleeping

Yancy was sitting in the park one day and witnessed a robbery. When asked by the police to describe the young criminal, Yancy recalled erroneously that the criminal was a teenager rather than a young adult. Yancy's experience BEST illustrates

the misinformation effect.

Jamaal has to make an important phone call. Unfortunately, his cell phone is not charged and he has to use his landline, which does not store phone numbers. To make the call, he has to get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial on his landline. For this task, which memory system is MOST important?

working memory