Quant Final
The _____ is a measure of the goodness of fit of the estimated regression equation. It can be interpreted as the proportion of the variability in the dependent variable y that is explained by the estimated regression equation.
coefficient of determination
The _____ is an indication of how frequently interval estimates based on samples of the same size taken from the same population using identical sampling techniques will contain the true value of the parameter we are estimating.
confidence level
In a _____ distribution, a random variable can take any value in a specified range.
continuous probability
An input to a simulation model that is selected by the decision maker is known as a ______.
controllable input
Assessing the regression model on data other than the sample data that was used to generate the model is known as _____.
cross-validation
In a linear regression model, the variable that is being predicted or explained is known as _____. It is denoted by y and is often referred to as the response variable.
dependent variable
The random variables corresponding to the interarrival times of customers and the service times of the servers are commonly part of a(n) _____ simulation.
discrete-event
A variable used to model the effect of categorical independent variables in a regression model is known as a _____.
dummy variable
In the simple linear regression model, the _____ accounts for the variability in the dependent variable that cannot be explained by the linear relationship between the variables.
error term
In Excel, the expression LN(RAND())*(-m) would generate a(n) _____ random variable with mean m.
exponential
A null and alternative hypothesis for a one proportion z test are given as H0: p ≥ 0.8, Ha: p < 0.8. This hypothesis test is _______.
lower-tailed
Statistical significance at the 0.01 level is _____ than significance at the 0.05 level.
more difficult to achieve
The degree of correlation among independent variables in a regression model is called _____.
multicollinearity
Regression analysis involving one dependent variable and more than one independent variable is known as _____.
multiple regression
A simple random sample of size n from a finite population of size N is a sample selected such that each possible sample of size _____.
n has the same probability of being selected
A distribution of a random variable for which values extremely larger or smaller than the mean are increasingly unlikely can possibly be modeled as a(n) _____ probability distribution.
normal
The type of distribution shown in the graph below is a(n) _____ distribution. (normal lookin bell curve)
normal
Fitting a model too closely to sample data, resulting in a model that does not accurately reflect the population is termed as _____.
overfitting
In a simple linear regression model, y = ß0 + ß1x + ε the parameter ß1 represents the _____.
slope of the true regression line
The least squares regression line minimizes the sum of the _____.
squared differences between actual and predicted y values
The process of making estimates and drawing conclusions about one or more characteristics of a population through analysis of sample data drawn from the population is known as _____.
statistical inference
A disadvantage of the simple what-if analyses is that _____.
there is no indication of the likelihood of various output values
______ is the data set used to build the candidate models.
training set
A set of values for the random variables is called a(n) _____
trial
When the expected value of the point estimator is equal to the population parameter it estimates, it is said to be _____.
unbiased
The time it takes to manufacture a product is modeled by a continuous distribution. The time to manufacture one unit can take anywhere from 5 to 6 minutes with equal probability. What distribution can be used to model the random variable, production time?
uniform distribution
All the values of computer-generated random numbers are _____.
uniformly distributed
If the expected value of the sample statistic is equal to the population parameter being estimated, the sample statistic is said to _____.
be an unbiased estimator of the population parameter
In interval estimation, as the sample size becomes larger, the interval estimate _____.
becomes narrower
Using an α = 0.04, a confidence interval for a population proportion is determined to be 0.65 to 0.75. If the level of significance is decreased, the interval for the population proportion _____.
becomes wider
The t value for a 99% confidence interval estimation based upon a sample of size 10 is _____.
3.249
The profit realized by the sales of a particular item follows a normal distribution with a mean of $0.5 million per quarter and a standard deviation of $0.1 million per quarter. What percent of the quarters can be expected to see a profit of at least $0.5 million?
50%
The weekly demand for an item in a retail store follows a uniform distribution over the range 70 to 83. What would be the weekly demand if its corresponding computer-generated value is 0.5?
76.5
The _____ function is used to generate a pseudorandom number in Excel.
RAND()
The Excel function _____ generates integer values between lower and upper bounds.
RANDBETWEEN
In a simple linear regression analysis the quantity that gives the amount by which the dependent variable changes for a unit change in the independent variable is called the _____.
slope of the regression line
Prediction of the value of the dependent variable outside the experimental region is called _____.
extrapolation
The values for random variables in a Monte Carlo simulation are ______.
generated randomly from probability distributions
The finite correction factor should be used in the computation of the standard deviation of the sample mean and the standard population when n / N is _____.
greater than 0.05
The choice of the probability distribution for a random variable can be guided by _____.
historical data
The process of making a conjecture about the value of a population parameter, collecting sample data that can be used to assess this conjecture, measuring the strength of the evidence against the conjecture that is provided by the sample, and using these results to draw a conclusion about the conjecture is known as _____.
hypothesis testing
The graph of the simple linear regression equation is a(n) _____.
straight line
The _____ is a measure of the error that results from using the estimated regression equation to predict the values of the dependent variable in the sample.
sum of squares due to error (SSE)
In reviewing the graph below, which of the following inferences can be drawn about the monthly salary? (chart looks like a normal bell curve)
the average monthly salary is $3,000
The basis for using a normal probability distribution to approximate the sampling distribution of the sample means and population mean is _____.
the central limit theorem
A procedure for using sample data to find the estimated regression equation is _____.
the least squares method
In a base-case scenario, the output is determined by assuming _____.
the most likely values for the random variables of a mode
Two approaches to drawing a conclusion in a hypothesis test are _____.
p-value and critical value
A simple random sample of 31 observations was taken from a large population. The sample mean equals 5. Five is a ______.
point estimate
The population parameter value and the point estimate differ because a sample is not a census of the entire population, but it is being used to develop the _____.
point estimate
The purpose of statistical inference is to make estimates or draw conclusions about a _____.
population based upon information obtained from the sample
A random sample selected from an infinite population is a sample selected such that each element selected comes from the same ______ and each element is selected ______.
population; independently
A description of the range and relative likelihood of possible values of an uncertain variable is known as a _____.
probability distribution
The outcome of a simulation experiment is a(n) _____.
probability distribution for one or more output measures
In simulation analysis, the _____ of random variables can be adjusted to determine the impact of the assumptions about the shape of the uncertainty on the results.
probability distributions
Which of the following regression models is used to model a nonlinear relationship between the independent and dependent variables by including the independent variable and the square of the independent variable in the model?
quadratic regression model
A(n) _____ is an input to a simulation model whose value is uncertain and described by a probability distribution.
random variable
Which of the following parameters is required to convert a computer-generated random variable into a uniform random variable?
range of the distribution
_____ is a statistical procedure used to develop an equation showing how two variables are related.
regression analysis
A simulation model extends spreadsheet modeling by _____.
replacing the use of single values for parameters with a range of possible values
The difference between the observed value of the dependent variable and the value predicted using the estimated regression equation is known as the _____.
residual
The scatter chart below displays the residuals versus the dependent variable, t. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based upon this scatter chart? (chart is a buncha up & down zigzags)
residuals are not independent
Determine whether the alternative hypothesis is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed: H0: μ = 11, Ha: μ > 11.
right-tailed
The process of evaluating a decision in the face of uncertainty by quantifying the likelihood and magnitude of an undesirable outcome is known as _____.
risk analysis
The value of the _____ is used to estimate the value of the population parameter.
sample statistic
One reason a sample may fail to represent the population of interest is _____.
sampling error
A _____ is used to visualize sample data graphically and to draw preliminary conclusions about the possible relationship between the variables.
scatter chart
A regression analysis involving one independent variable and one dependent variable is referred to as a _____.
simple linear regression
In the graph of the simple linear regression equation, the parameter ß1 is the _____ of the true regression line.
slope
Which of the following is true of verification?
It is largely a debugging task
A parameter is a numerical measure from a population, such as _____.
μ
In a random sample of 400 registered voters, 120 indicated they plan to vote for Trump for President. Determine a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all the registered voters who will vote for Trump.
(0.25, 0.34)
The CEO of a company wants to estimate the percent of employees that use company computers to go on Facebook during work hours with 95% confidence. He selects a random sample of 150 of the employees and finds that 53 of them logged onto Facebook that day. What is the estimate of the standard error of the proportion σp̄?
0.039
A large manufacturing plant has analyzed the amount of time required to produce an electrical part and determined that the times follow a normal distribution with mean time μ = 45 hours. The production manager has developed a new procedure for producing the part. Use the hypotheses: Ho: μ ≥ 45 hours and Ha: μ < 45 hours. Determine the p value of the test statistic if the sample mean amount of time is = 43.118 hours with the sample standard deviation s = 5.5 hours.
0.04999
The CEO of a company wants to estimate the percent of employees that use company computers to go on Facebook during work hours with 95% confidence. He selects a random sample of 150 of the employees and finds that 53 of them logged onto Facebook that day. What is the point estimate of the proportion of the population that logged onto Facebook that day?
0.35
The CEO of a company wants to estimate the percent of employees that use company computers to go on Facebook during work hours with 95% confidence. He selects a random sample of 150 of the employees and finds that 53 of them logged onto Facebook that day. Compute the 95% confidence interval for the population proportion.
0.35±1.96 (there's more to the equation answer but there's only one option that starts with these numbers lol)
What would be the coefficient of determination if the total sum of squares (SST) is 23.29 and the sum of squares due to regression (SSR) is 10.03?
0.43
What would be the value of the sum of squares due to regression (SSR) if the total sum of squares (SST) is 25.32 and the sum of squares due to error (SSE) is 6.89?
18.43
A statistics teacher started class one day by drawing the names of 10 students out of a hat and asked them to do as many pushups as they could. The 10 randomly selected students averaged 15 pushups per person with a standard deviation of 9 pushups. Suppose the distribution of the population of number of pushups that can be done is approximately normal. If we would like to capture the population mean with 95% confidence the margin of error would be _____.
2.262(9/10)
A statistics teacher started class one day by drawing the names of 10 students out of a hat and asked them to do as many pushups as they could. The 10 randomly selected students averaged 15 pushups per person with a standard deviation of 9 pushups. Suppose the distribution of the population of number of pushups that can be done is approximately normal. What is the standard error of the mean?
2.876
In order to determine an interval for the mean of a population with unknown standard deviation, a sample of 24 items is selected. The mean of the sample is determined to be 23. The number of degrees of freedom for reading the t value is _____.
23
A statistics teacher started class one day by drawing the names of 10 students out of a hat and asked them to do as many pushups as they could. The 10 randomly selected students averaged 15 pushups per person with a standard deviation of 9 pushups. Suppose the distribution of the population of number of pushups that can be done is approximately normal. The 95% confidence interval for the true mean number of pushups that can be done is _____.
8.56 to 21.40
Which of the following functions computes a value such that 2.5% of the area under the standard normal distribution lies in the upper tail defined by this value?
=NORM.S.INV(0.975)
Which of the following Excel functions would generate random integers from 0 to 100?
=RANDBETWEEN(0, 100)
The population parameters that describe the y-intercept and slope of the line relating y and x, respectively, are _____.
B0 and B1
A large manufacturing plant has analyzed the amount of time required to produce an electrical part and determined that the times follow a normal distribution with mean time μ = 45 hours. Use the hypotheses: H0: μ ≥ 45 hours and Ha: μ < 45 hours. If the sample mean amount of time is = 43.118 hours with the sample standard deviation s = 5.5 hours, give the appropriate conclusion, for α = 0.025.
Do not reject H0, do not switch to the new procedure
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using simulation?
Each simulation run provides only a sample of how the real system will operate.
The _____ function in Excel is used to compute the statistics required to create a histogram.
FREQUENCY
Which statement is NOT true?
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false is a Type I error.
A student wants to determine if pennies are really fair when flipped, meaning equally likely to land heads up or tails up. He flips a random sample of 50 pennies and finds that 28 of them land heads up. If p denotes the true probability of a penny landing heads up when flipped, what are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses?
H0: p = 0.5, Ha: p ≠ 0.5.
The owners of a fast food restaurant have automatic drink dispensers to help fill orders more quickly. When the 12 ounce button is pressed, they would like for exactly 12 ounces of beverage to be dispensed. There is, however, some variation in this amount. The company does not want the machine to systematically over fill or under fill the cups. Which of the following gives the correct set of hypotheses?
H0: u = 12, Ha: u ≠ 12
A pizza shop advertises that they deliver in 30 minutes or less or it is free. People who live in homes that are located on the opposite side of town believe it will take the pizza shop longer than 30 minutes to make and deliver the pizza. Write the null and alternative hypotheses that can be used to conduct a significance test.
H0: u ≤ 30, Ha: u > 30
The average number of hours for a random sample of mail order pharmacists from company A was 50.1 hours last year. It is believed that changes to medical insurance have led to a reduction in the average work week. To test the validity of this belief, the hypotheses are _____.
H0: u ≥ 50.1, Ha: u < 50.1
In a linear regression model, the variable (or variables) used for predicting or explaining values of the response variable are known as the _____. It(they) is(are) denoted by x.
Independent variable
_____ refers to the use of sample data to calculate a range of values that is believed to include the value of the population parameter.
Interval estimation
A _____ uses repeated random sampling to represent uncertainty in a model representing a real system and that computes the values of model outputs.
Monte Carlo Simulation
You are ______ to commit a Type I error using the 0.05 level of significance than using the 0.01 level of significance.
More likely
_____ refers to the degree of correlation among independent variables in a regression model.
Multicollinearity
For a given mean and standard deviation, the _____ function in Excel is used to generate a value for the random variable characterized by a normal distribution.
NORM.INV
Which of the following cannot be modeled by a continuous distribution?
Number of products produced in an hour
What are the two decisions that you can make from performing a hypothesis test?
Reject the null hypothesis; Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Which statement is NOT true?
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is a Type II error.
Which of the following cannot be described by a discrete probability distribution?
The cost of parts for manufacturing an item, where the parts can take on any value between $80 and $100
The scatter chart below displays the residuals versus the dependent variable, x. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based upon this scatter chart? (chart is scattered in V shape)
The model fails to capture the relationship between the variables accurately.
The scatter chart below displays the residuals versus the dependent variable, x. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based upon this scatter chart? (chart kinda looks like it rainin and the line is the ground lol)
The residual distribution is not normally distributed.
The scatter chart below displays the residuals versus the dependent variable, x. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the scatter chart given below? (chart starts skinny on the left and then the dots get wider to the right)
The residuals have an increasing variance as the dependent variable increases.
Which of the following inferences about a variable of interest can be drawn from the graph given below? (graph looks like a box? a square graph)
The variable is equally likely to take any value between 20 and 40
Larger values of α have the disadvantage of increasing the probability of making a _____.
Type 1 error
The random numbers generated using Excel's RAND function follows a _____ probability distribution between 0 and 1.
Uniform
A sample of 37 AA batteries had a mean lifetime of 584 hours. A 95% confidence interval for the population mean was 579.2 < μ < 588.8. Which statement is the correct interpretation of the results?
We are 95% confident that the mean lifetime of all the bulbs in the population is between 579.2 hours and 588.8 hours
The proportion of dental procedures that are extractions is 0.16. Which of the following exemplifies a Type I error in this situation?
We reject the claim that the proportion of dental procedures that are extractions is 0.16 when the proportion is actually 0.16.
The range of computer-generated random numbers is _____.
[0, 1)
A variable used to model the effect of categorical independent variables in a regression model which generally takes only the value zero or one is called ______.
a dummy variable
A Type 1 error is committed when _____.
a true null hypothesis is rejected
Which of the following numbers cannot result from the Excel function =NORM.INV(RAND(100, 10)?
all of these numbers can result from this excel function
A normally distributed error term with a mean of zero would _____.
allow more accurate modeling
_____ is used to test the hypothesis that the values of the regression parameters ß1, ß2, ... ßq are all zero.
an F test
For a population with an unknown distribution, the form of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is _____.
approximately normal for large sample sizes
As the number of degrees of freedom for a t distribution inceases, the difference between the t distribution and the standard normal distribution _____
becomes smaller
The _____ is the range of values of the independent variables in the data used to estimate the regression model.
experimental region
Prediction of the mean value of the dependent variable y for values of the independent variables x1, x2, . . . , xq that are outside the experimental range is called _____.
extrapolation
A one-tailed test is a hypothesis test in which the rejection region is _____.
in one tail of the sampling distribution
_____ refers to the scenario in which the relationship between the dependent variable and one independent variable is different at different values of a second independent variable.
interaction
An estimate of a population parameter that provides an interval of values believed to contain the value of the parameter is known as the _____.
interval estimate
The coefficient of determination _____.
is used to evaluate the goodness of fit
The prespecified value of the independent variable at which its relationship with the dependent variable changes in a piecewise linear regression model is referred to as the _____.
knot
_____ is the process of determining that a simulation model provides an accurate representation of a real system.
validation
_____ refers to the data set used to compare model forecasts and ultimately pick a model for predicting values of the dependent variable.
validation set
The process of determining that a computer program implements a simulation model as it is intended is known as _____.
verification
The processes that generate big data can be described by the following four attributes or dimensions:
volume, variety, veracity, and velocity
A _____ analysis involves considering alternative values for the random variables and computing the resulting value for the output.
what-if
A pizza shop advertises that they deliver in 30 minutes or less or it is free. People who live in homes that are located on the opposite side of town believe it will take the pizza shop longer than 30 minutes to make and deliver the pizza. A random sample of 50 deliveries to homes across town was taken and the mean time was computed to be 32 minutes. What is the appropriate symbol to represent the value, 32?
x = 32
In the graph of the simple linear regression equation, the parameter ß0 represents the _____ of the true regression line
y-intercept
When the mean value of the dependent variable is independent of variation in the independent variable, the slope of the regression line is _____.
zero
