Quantum Theory
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
classical particles have well defined position and momentum on atomic scale, position and momentum of a particle cannot be determined with great precision because of uncertainty
Energies of ejected electrons
depend on frequency of light
Long radio waves
emitted by antennas
hv=
energy of photons
KE
escaping electrons
Shortest waves
gamma rays, produced by the change in the nucleus of an atom
Free electrons
have a higher energy then elections in an atom
Neils Bohr
he used quantization to predict the line spectrum of a hydrogen atom
Bohr's model
heisenberg's principle proves _______'s modle wrong
Electrons escaping will have kinetic energy
if light has energy exceeding (weird circle thing..)
Shorter waves
in the visible light range and are caused by the motions electron change in the atom
Wave particle duality
is important when wave lengths are comparable to atomic/ nuclear dimensions
Energy emitted light
is in discreet quantities called quanta (photon) the photon reflects the energy released by the vibrating atoms
Standing waves
is like a guitar string nodes, like points on a strong zero amplitude ends are fixed
the number of electrons ejected
is proportional to the intensity of light
wave function
it has positive and negative values and is also part of atomic orbitals
Photoelectric effect
light contains photons which will strike the surface of a metal in an evacuated surface and the electron in the metal will absorb the photon
Definition of quantum theory
light energy that can vibrate at different levels but not in between them.
Einstein
light has particle and wave properties (dual)
de Broglie
said " if light waves can behave like a stream of particles maybe particles possess wave properties
Wave speed
speed of light, constant "c" 2.998x10^8
Isaac Newton
sunlight can be broken down into various colours to form a continuous spectrum
Multi electron atoms
the bohr model falls apart due to these, because they have more then one electron, and that makes the spectra more complex and not easily explained
The more energetic the photon
the greater the kinetic energy of ejected electrons
the higher the value of 'n' (1,2,3)
the increase in number of nodes the shorter the wavelength the higher the frequency the higher the energy of standing waves
Amplitude
the maximum displacement with respect to the undistributed state
Electromagnetic radiation is
the transmission and emission of energy in form of electromagnetic waves
the view atoms
view as travelling waves view as a standing waves when an electron is bound to the nucleus
Measuring Large objects
wave duality then has little meaning because the wavelengths would be much too small to measure
Energy is transmitted when...
wave has vibrating disturbances
Gaseous atoms of a pure element
when excited create electric discharge or elevation in temperature
Schrodinger Equation
describes the behaviour of energies of subatomic particles any particle with wave-like properties should be described as a wave incorporates both particle behavior, in terms of mass, and wave function
Bohr's atomic model
discreet energy levels which occupy certain discreet orbits, you are able to find the position and momentum of an electron at any point according to him.
Wavelength
distance between successive peaks of intensity of oscillating magnetic field at any point
Classical Physics
Cannot explain the force that holds atoms together nor the molecular or atomic levels
angular momentum
a property of an electron having only certain allowed values (discreet set of allowed orbitals)
lyman series
a series that has n=1 and is in the ultra violet spectrum
balmer series
a series that has n=2, easiest because the number of lines fall in the visible range of the spectrum
paschen series
a series that has n=3 and is in the infrared spectrum
brackett series
a series that has n=4
Radiation is emitted ...
at a specific wave length
Frequency
number of complete oscillations that pass a given point in the span of one second
Wave duality
photons/ bundles of energy transfer energy like particles
