Quiz 12 (Chapter 13)

Which of the following is an example of an individualist culture? A. cultures that tend to emphasize the needs of the group B. countries in which experiences of depression is more likely C. a culture that emphasizes that "the nail that stands out gets pounded down" D. a country in which few autobiographies are written

B. countries in which experiences of depression is more likely

Shannon has lived in Wisconsin her whole life, which type of person is Shannon likely to be? A. extraverted and agreeable B. friendly and conventional C. relaxed and creative D. temperamental and uninhibited

B. friendly and conventional

Which of the following describe someone high on bicultural identity integration (BII)? A. Someone who experiences conflict between two cultural identities. B. Someone who spent three weeks visiting a new country experiencing their customs and traditions. C. Someone who is able to balance their cultural identities. D. All of the above

C. Someone who is able to balance their cultural identities.

Cultural tightness is analogous to the personality traits of ________. A. agreeableness B. extraversion C. conscientiousness D. neuroticism

C. conscientiousness

What two factors are hypothesized to influence whether a culture is high in tightness? A. ethnic homogeneity and economic conditions B. population density and the dominant religion C. ethnic homogeneity and population density D. population density and economic conditions

C. ethnic homogeneity and population density

Cultures that tolerate very little deviation from cultural norms are high in ________. A. agency B. collectivism C. tightness D. strictness

C. tightness

Different cultures developed over long periods of time, in different circumstances, and with different problems. What is the correct order of causation that is inherent to this ecological approach to culture? A. behavior, personality, socialization, culture, ecology B. ecology, culture, socialization, behavior, personality C. personality, behavior, culture, socialization, ecology D. ecology, culture, socialization, personality, behavior

D. ecology, culture, socialization, personality, behavior

Which of the following is NOT considered "strength of the head"? A. artistic excellence B. creativity C. critical thinking D. fairness

D. fairness

Cross-cultural psychology has examined differences in the way that members of various cultures think. Some research suggests that people from collectivist cultures think more ________ than those from individualistic cultures. A. creatively B. emotionally C. independently D. holistically

D. holistically

In terms of the Five-Factor, which of the following trait is NOT truly universal? A. conscientiousness B. agreeableness C. extraversion D. neuroticism

D. neuroticism

One of the two aspects of the measure of bicultural identity integration (BII) is the degree to which bicultural individuals ________. A. understand their two cultures B. see their two cultures as indistant from each other C. respect their two cultures D. see their two cultures as distant from each other

D. see their two cultures as distant from each other

What have studies assessing the proportion of countries that emphasize face, honor, and dignity concluded? A. All countries have elements of all three values in them. B. Western countries value dignity over face and honor. C. Most countries value honor and dignity, but very few countries value face. D. Most countries don't place very high value on face, dignity, or honor.

A. All countries have elements of all three values in them.

Personality psychology focuses on the psychological differences between individuals. Why does culture often come into play? A. Individuals may differ from each other to the extent that they belong to different cultural groups. B. Evolutionary processes indicate why and how certain groups differ from one another. C. Individuals do not differ from each other to the extent that they belong to different cultural groups. D. Certain cultural groups have moral systems that are inconsistent with accepted values.

A. Individuals may differ from each other to the extent that they belong to different cultural groups.

Which of the following is NOT an important reason for identifying cross-cultural differences in experience, personality, and behavior? A. The differences provide support for genetic explanations for personality. B. Cross-cultural research informs us about the generalizability of research findings. C. Such differences tell us about variability in human experiences. D. The differences, if not understood, may cause misunderstandings.

A. The differences provide support for genetic explanations for personality.

Which of the following is an example of a collectivist culture? A. a culture that emphasizes that "the nail that stands out gets pounded down" B. countries in which experiences of depression is more likely C. countries in which independence is important D. countries in which people report more self-focused emotions

A. a culture that emphasizes that "the nail that stands out gets pounded down"

The distinctive tasks a culture needs to accomplish and the physical layout and resources of its land are called the culture's ________. A. ecology B. citizenship C. socialization D. trait stability

A. ecology

Differences in how much U.S. cities emphasize values such as "fairness, mercy, hope" and "artistic excellence, curiosity, learning" are present in which cultural dimension? A. head versus heart B. toughness versus looseness C. achievement versus affiliation D. individualism versus collectivism

A. head versus heart

Western cultures are more frequently seen as __________, whereas Eastern cultures are seen as __________, categories that often center on different definitions of the __________. A. individualistic; collectivist; self B. individualistic; integrated; mind and body C. collectivist; individualistic; self D. isolated; collectivist; mind and body

A. individualistic; collectivist; self

What term describes cultures that have only a few socially sanctioned goals and only a few ways to achieve these goals? A. tough B. heart C. vertical D. loose

A. tough

If members of two cultures experience the same emotions, seek the same goals, and organize their thoughts in comparable ways, then the two cultures ________. A. have opposing constructs B. have similar constructs C. view the world through culture-free lenses D. have collectivist construals

B. have similar constructs