Quiz 12
A hypsographic curve is
a generalized curve showing the earth's surface by elevation in relation to sea level.
Along the trough of a fold, layers that seem to slope downward toward the axis of a fold produce
a syncline
The greatest amount of crustal shortening would be associated with
a thrust fault
Which of the following can lead to the formation of mountains?
all of the above: plate collisions and volcanic activity, exposure of plutons by erosion of surrounding landscape, and faulting
The San Andreas system in California is an example of a
all of there are correct: a strike-slip fault, transform fault, and right-lateral motion
The variety of surface features on the Earth results from
all of these: tectonic activity, gravity, weathering and erosion
Which of the following is true regarding the Richter scale- a scale which quantifies the amount of energy released by an earthquake?
an 8.0 on the scale is equal to 31.5 times more energy release than a 7.0
Volcanoes formed from silica-rich magma
are highly explosive and dangerous
The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the
epicenter
The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface area long the fault plane called the
focus, or hypocenter
Molten rock that pours forth on Earth's surface is called
lava
Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called
tephra, or pyroclastics
Fault types are defined by
the relative motion of the hanging wall and footwall
Which of the following is incorrect relative to the principal locations of volcanic activity?
they occur around the perimeter of the Atlantic Ocean Basin
The wave amplitude associated with a magnitude 8 quake on the Richter scale is how many times greater than that of a magnitude 6 quake?
100
A brittle rock is likely to respond to stress by_____, whereas a ductile rock is likely to respond by____.
breaking, bending
Explosive eruptions tend to build up
composite volcanoes
Reverse and thrust faults are associated with
compressional forces
Tensional stress along a fault can result in a dropped hanging-wall block relative to the footwall side, producing a
normal, fault
An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the
seismograph