quiz 13 aemt 2020

Following a severe closed head injury, a 23-year-old female develops cardiac dysrhythmias and an irregular pattern of breathing. The area of her brain most likely injured is the:

brainstem.

The complex network of spinal nerves that controls the lower extremities is called the:

lumbosacral plexus.

Damage control resuscitation focuses on:

maintaining circulating volume; controlling hemorrhage; and correcting coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia.

The secondary stage of syphilis is characterized by:

mucous membrane lesions and a rash.

The mouth, nose, and other body orifices are lined with _______, which secrete a watery substance and provide a protective barrier against harmful agents.

mucus membranes

When treating a woman with vaginal bleeding and signs of shock, you must:

observe standard precautions.

Approximately 1 week following her menstrual period, a 33-year-old female complains of bilateral lower abdominal quadrant pain, vaginal discharge, and fever. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:

pelvic inflammatory disease.

The ability of a person to effectively compensate for acute blood loss is most directly related to the:

rate of blood loss.

After blood diffuses across the capillary membrane and perfuses the cells, it:

returns waste products to the right side of the heart, starting with the venules.

The degradation of dead muscle tissue is called:

rhabdomyolysis.

A 50-year-old male with a blood sugar level of 38 mg/dL would be expected to present with all of the following, except:

severe dehydration.

The corpus luteum is a(n):

small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle.

A middle-aged male is found unconscious at the base of the steps to his house. There is no evidence of trauma, and there were no witnesses to the event. You should:

stabilize his head and open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

When cleaning around her empty swimming pool, a 30-year-old female fell into the deep end of the pool. She presents with decreased sensation and movement in her lower extremities, a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg, and a heart rate of 50 beats/min. What is the most likely etiology of this patient's condition?

Disruption of the nervous system and relative hypovolemia

When assessing a 70-year-old male with suspected internal bleeding, which of the following findings would be most pertinent?

Dizziness or syncope upon standing.

Which of the following statements regarding schizophrenia is correct?

Early-onset schizophrenia may be associated with brain damage.

Which of the following statements regarding hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is correct?

HHS is not associated with a fruity odor on the patient's breath.

Which of the following questions would be of least pertinence when obtaining a focused history of a patient with an acute onset of chest discomfort?

Have you ever been told you have low blood pressure?

Which of the following conditions would be least likely to cause an alteration in behavior?

Hypertension

Which of the following most accurately describes the position of the cerebellum within the skull?

Inferoposterior to the cerebrum

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

Internal injury caused by an electrical burn is usually more severe than the external burns indicate.

Which of the following weapons would most likely result in the largest surface area of tissue damage?

12-gauge shotgun

A subdural hematoma is an accumulation of blood:

beneath the dura mater but outside the brain.

Which of the following is the most acute and serious complication associated with a break in the integrity of the skin?

Loss of fluids

Which of the following would you expect to encounter in a patient with Kussmaul breathing?

Low end-tidal carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements regarding the 12 cranial nerves is correct?

They arise from the brain and innervate the head and face.

A 1-year-old female sustained blunt abdominal trauma following a motor-vehicle crash in which she was not properly restrained. Significant signs and symptoms will most likely occur after as little as ____ mL of blood loss.

100

A 32-year-old male was involved in a motorcycle crash and sustained bilateral femur fractures as he was ejected over the handlebars of his bike. He is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. On the basis of his injury, what is the approximate volume of blood that he has lost?

2 L

In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the most appropriate method of moving a patient?

A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

Which of the following conditions would result in the most rapid loss of consciousness?

Acute hypoglycemia

Which of the following is the most significant complication associated with facial injuries?

Airway compromise

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Allows movement of the head

Which of the following medications would interfere with the body's hemostatic effect?

Anticoagulants

Mastoid bruising is also referred to as:

Battle sign.

In which of the following patients would it be most appropriate to administer oral glucose?

Confused diabetic patient who is breathing adequately

Which of the following statements regarding multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is correct?

MODS occurs when injury or infection triggers a massive immune, inflammatory, and coagulation response.

In which of the following circumstances should you remove an impaled object?

Metal shard in the cheek and inadequate respiratory effort

Which of the following formulas would you use to convert a larger unit of weight to a smaller one?

Multiply the larger unit of weight by 1,000.

Which of the following is the most reliable sign of a potentially violent patient?

Physical activity

Which of the following injuries or conditions would most likely overwhelm the body's hemostatic response and result in death?

Ruptured aortic aneurysm

Which of the following best describes the Fowler position?

The body is supine on an incline with the feet higher than the head.

A 21-year-old male has lost approximately 35% of his blood volume following a penetrating injury to the chest. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you not expect to see?

Widened pulse pressure

You are assessing a 4-year-old male who was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical socket. He is conscious and alert and complains of pain to his left hand, where you find a small entrance wound. When treating this child, you should:

anticipate extensive internal injuries.

A patient has severe bleeding from a large laceration to the anterior forearm. Direct pressure is not immediately effective in controlling the bleeding. You should:

apply a tourniquet above the level of the bleeding.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a shard of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with heavy bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

A utility worker was trimming branches away from a high power line when he accidentally cut the power line. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should begin CPR and then:

apply the AED as soon as possible.

A 40-year-old female is semiconscious following blunt head trauma. Your assessment reveals that her respirations are slow and shallow, her pulse is slow, and her blood pressure is elevated. Her pupils are bilaterally dilated and sluggishly reactive. Appropriate management for this patient includes:

assisted ventilation at a rate of 10 breaths/min.

A 56-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. His wife tells you that he complained of chest discomfort a few days prior, but would not allow her to call EMS. Your assessment reveals rales in the apices and bases of both lungs. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:

cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

You respond to a domestic dispute, where a middle-aged male was stabbed in the chest by his wife. Your assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. The knife is impaled in the center of his chest. You should:

carefully remove the knife, control the bleeding, and perform CPR.

The spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord and:

carry signals to and from the body.

A 19-year-old male was struck by a baseball in the occipital region of the skull. Witnesses report that the patient was briefly unconscious following the incident. He is now conscious and alert but cannot remember the events immediately following the injury. He is breathing without difficulty and his vital signs are stable. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with a(n):

cerebral concussion.

Rapid isotonic crystalloid boluses in a patient with cardiogenic shock would most likely result in:

congestion of blood in the lungs.

Immediate treatment for a patient with an open soft-tissue injury includes:

control of active bleeding.

Appropriate management of a patient with an abdominal evisceration includes:

covering the exposed organs with a moist, sterile dressing and securing the dressing in place with a dry, sterile dressing.

Following an electrical burn, estimating the extent of the BSA involved is:

difficult because the degree and depth may be greater internally than externally.

A 22-year-old female complains of pain during sexual intercourse. This is referred to as:

dyspareunia.

Acute abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding during the 23rd week of pregnancy could be caused by any of the following, except:

ectopic pregnancy.

The movement and utilization of oxygen in the body is dependent on all of the following, except:

effective alveolar-capillary osmosis.

Decerebrate posturing is characterized by:

extension of the arms and extension of the legs.

Insulin maintains homeostasis by:

facilitating cellular glucose uptake.

A 20-year-old male was shot multiple times during a drive-by shooting. You arrive at the scene, which has been secured by law enforcement, and approach the patient. He is semiconscious and is bleeding heavily from the chest. You should:

follow proper standard precautions.

The eyeball itself is called the:

globe

Glycogenolysis is a metabolic process in which:

glucagon converts stored glycogen into glucose.

The metabolic conversion of glucose into energy is called:

glycolysis.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male who complains of a headache and note that his pupils are asymmetrical. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is most pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

have a rich blood supply and bleed heavily.

Clinical findings associated with a laryngeal injury include:

hemoptysis, subcutaneous emphysema, and cyanosis.

Prior to applying a tourniquet to a profusely bleeding injury, you should take standard precautions and then:

hold direct pressure over the bleeding site.

Stimulation of beta1 receptors causes a positive inotropic effect, resulting in:

increased cardiac contractility.

Patients with a hemorrhagic stroke typically experience a rapidly declining level of consciousness because of:

increasing intracranial pressure.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. If you do not have sterile saline or water, you should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A patient with a possible stroke is a potential candidate for fibrinolytic therapy unless he or she:

is experiencing an intracranial hemorrhage.

A hemostatic agent is useful in controlling external bleeding because:

it causes enhanced clot formation at the wound site.

When a patient's blood glucose level increases significantly, the:

kidneys excrete excess glucose via water.

When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, it is important for you to:

let the patient tell you what happened in his or her own words.

A 32-year-old female complains of acute lower abdominal pain that began approximately 1 week after her menstrual period ended. Her blood pressure is 116/66 mm Hg, heart rate is 96 beats/min, and respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth. Further assessment reveals that she is running a fever of 101.6°F. Treatment for this patient should include:

placing her in a position of comfort, starting an IV line at a KVO rate, and transporting to an appropriate hospital.

A 67-year-old male who smokes three packs of cigarettes per day complains of a productive cough, chills, and generalized weakness. He is in mild respiratory distress; auscultation of his lungs reveals rhonchi to the lower left lobe. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:

pneumonia

When managing an adult patient with an inhalation injury, inspiratory stridor, and an altered mental status, you should:

prepare for early definitive airway management.

An individual who poses a threat to the safety of his or her family, friends, or the AEMT is experiencing a(n):

psychiatric emergency.

A 49-year-old female was the victim of a sexual assault. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert and is breathing adequately. There is no gross external bleeding, and her vital signs are stable. You should:

question her as to the events of the assault.

Frequent reassessments of patients with face or neck injuries are most important because:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

A 30-year-old female was assaulted. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:

suction the blood from her oropharynx.

Following severe maxillofacial trauma, a 16-year-old male presents with oropharyngeal bleeding and poor respiratory effort. You should:

suction the oropharynx.

Patients with internal bleeding are in most need of:

surgical intervention.

The physiologic response that occurs when a person is exposed to a stressful stimulus is initiated by the:

sympathetic nervous system.

Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:

tachycardia, weight loss, and hyperactive reflexes.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when:

the body's cells metabolize fat as an immediate energy source.

If a person places his or her hand on a hot stove:

the sensory nerve will bypass the brain and send a message directly to the motor nerve.

The Adam's apple is:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Subluxation of the spine occurs when:

the vertebrae are no longer aligned.

When assessing an unresponsive 20-year-old male with a traumatic brain injury, you note that his left pupil is fully dilated and nonreactive. This indicates injury:

to the left cerebral hemisphere.

Death immediately following a burn is most commonly the result of:

toxic chemical inhalation.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:

transport her to the emergency department.

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

You are caring for a young female who experienced blunt head trauma and is unresponsive. You have inserted a King LT airway and are ventilating her because she has signs of brain herniation. In doing this, you should:

utilize capnography and ensure that her end-tidal CO2 does not fall below 30 mm Hg

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the AEMT must:

wear gloves and facial protection.

Cardiac asthma is a condition in which a patient:

with congestive heart failure experiences wheezing due to constricted bronchi.

An intracerebral hematoma is the result of bleeding:

within the brain tissue itself.

A violent patient should never be restrained in a prone position because:

you cannot effectively monitor the patient's airway.