quiz 2
component approach is also called
"error analysis strategy."
Test of Gross Motor Development #2 (TGMD-2) -localmotive activities examples are
(run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, and slide)
Test of Gross Motor Development #2 (TGMD-2) object-control skills examples are
(striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll).
vector multiplication scalar= -9 by a vector=A
-9(A)
each test in Test of Gross Motor Development #2 (TGMD-2) are scored out of a score of
0 to 1
1 kg of mass weighs____ Newtons
1 kg of mass weighs 9.81 Newtons
who has more inertia body weight 50kg body wieght 100kg
100kg
an arrow has (1) a tip that points in a certain direction because of a given orientation; (2)
2) a tail that defines where it began;
how much is the legal tail wind
2.0 metters
3 DOF _______ around X & Y _______ around 1 axis
3 DOF translation around X & Y rotation around 1 axis
3 DOF translation around _____ rotation around ____
3 DOF translation around X & Y rotation around 1 axis
6 DOF _______ around __ axis ________ around __ axis
6 DOF translation around 3axis rotation around 3 axis
vector multiplication scalar= +9 by a vector=A
9(A)
A + B = B + A Commutative law of addition Vector equality Associative law of addition
A
The sum of vectors added together is independent of the order of addition: Commutative law of addition Vector equality Associative law of addition
A
vector multiplication C is perpendicular to the plane formed by A and B, equation
A x B x sin(θ)=C
(A = B) Commutative law of addition Vector equality Associative law of addition
B
Property that two vectors are considered equal as long as they possess the same magnitude and orientation. Commutative law of addition Vector equality Associative law of addition
B
the physics (mechanics) of motion produced by biological systems is ?
Biomechanic
main purpose of Quantitative Motion Analysis
Biomechanical research - to understand human motion and movement problems, optimize sport performance, prevent injury, improve equipment design, etc.
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C) Commutative law of addition Vector equality Associative law of addition
C
The sum of three or more vectors is independent of the grouping of the vectors for addition: Commutative law of addition Vector equality Associative law of addition
C
complete integration of several disciplines from the beginning (also called inter-disciplinary) Sub-disciplinary approach Multi-disciplinary approach Cross-disciplinary approach Discipline
Cross-disciplinary approach
a branch of knowledge or of teaching Sub-disciplinary approach Multi-disciplinary approach Cross-disciplinary approach Discipline
D
what medication is used to treat parkinsons
dopamine
is the way in which the force is applied (e.g., upward, downward, forward, backward, north, south, positive, negative), represented by the tip of the arrow or vector. Direction Orientation Point of application . Magnitude Line of action.
Direction
components approach can divide a movement into # ____ and each of those into # _____ that progress from___ to ____ level of skill
Five separate components are listed for overhand throwing, and each is divided into three or four distinct steps that progress from beginner to mature levels of skill
_________ dynamics uses joint torques/forces to predict resultant motions. In real life, neural inputs give rise to muscle forces that generate joint and ground reaction forces that together drive the movement of the human body.
Forward dynamics uses joint torques/forces to predict resultant motions. In real life, neural inputs give rise to muscle forces that generate joint and ground reaction forces that together drive the movement of the human body.
Graphical (help _____ what is happening during force application) Trigonometric (more ___)
Graphical (help visualize what is happening during force application) Trigonometric (more precise)
If a point is on ______ axis, its location can be designated with one coordinate.
If a point is on one axis, its location can be designated with one coordinate. The location of a point in a plane formed by two axes requires two coordinates, and a point in space requires three coordinates.
In biomechanics we need to describe not only single points but also ____ (represented with lines connecting points) and ___ (represented by vectors or arrows) that cause change in location of a particular point.
In biomechanics we need to describe not only single points but also segments (rep¬ resented with lines connecting points) and forces (represented by vectors or arrows) that cause change in location of a particular point.
In the composite approach, advancement to a later stage is based on the ____ ____ of all the body ____
In the composite approach, advancement to a later stage is based on the global sum of all the body components.
_____ dynamics- relies on measuring the motion of a subject in a clinical, orthopedic, or sports movement trial and combining the measured motion data with a body model to calculate (estimate) the forces that were necessary to produce this movement.
Inverse dynamics
Toddler walking ___________ perspective (what are the step length and step width?) Kinetic or Kinematic
Kinematic
Toddler walking ___________ perspective (why are legs far apart? arms extended?) Kinetic or Kinematic
Kinetic
•Kinematic analysis or Kinetic analysis: How much force was absorbed by the body when making a quick change in direction? How much friction was present?
Kinetic
is an imaginary line extending infinitely along the vector through both the tip and tail (representing the path along which the arrow or vector would travel if moved forward or backward) Direction Orientation Point of application . Magnitude Line of action.
Line of action.
is the amount or size of the applied force as depicted by drawing the length of the vector to scale (e.g., if the scale is 1 cm = 10 N, then a 10 cm vector represents a 100 N force). Direction Orientation Point of application . Magnitude Line of action.
Magnitude
Mass is also a measure of a body's _____
Mass is also a measure of a body's inertia,
the branch of physics specifically concerned with the effect of forces and energy on the motion of bodies is?
Mechanics:
several disciplines work in isolation, and come together late in the process of problem solving Sub-disciplinary approach Multi-disciplinary approach Cross-disciplinary approach Discipline
Multi-disciplinary approach
is alignment or inclination of the vector in relation to the cardinal directions (e.g., vertical, 45° from horizontal), where 0 is usually measured counterclockwise from the positive v-axis. Direction Orientation Point of application . Magnitude Line of action.
Orientation
is the point or location at which the system receives the applied force (e.g., at the toes, 2 cm from the axis of rotation of the elbow); it is usually defined by the tail of the vector Direction Orientation Point of application . Magnitude Line of action.
Point of application .
coaches and PT would mainly use ____ type of Motion Analysis
Qualitative Motion Analysis
_____ analysis is subjective and typically based on visual observation, which can range from simple "eye-balling"—estimating— to video recording and evaluation, to sophisticated three-dimensional digital imagery.
Qualitative analysis is subjective and typically based on visual observation, which can range from simple "eye-balling"—estimating— to video recording and evaluation, to sophisticated three-dimensional digital imagery.
____ analysis of motion describes how the human body "looks" upon visual inspection as it performs skills, including its position in space, the position of body parts relative to each other, and in some cases the position of segments of body parts in relation to each other.
Qualitative analysis of motion describes how the human body "looks" upon visual inspection as it performs skills, including its position in space, the position of body parts relative to each other, and in some cases the position of segments of body parts in relation to each other.
_____ motion analysis is also needed for biomechanical research.
Quantitative motion analysis is also needed for biomechanical research.
What is a primary limitation of the Cartesian reference system?
Represent the location of segments
Resolution vs resultant
Resolution- Process used to resolve a single vector into its individual directional component vectors (vertical and horizontal) resultant(R)- multiple forces act upon a system, and we want to find the resultant force vecto
Parallelogram method is
Simple quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
focusing on a single discipline Sub-disciplinary approach Multi-disciplinary approach Cross-disciplinary approach Discipline
Sub-disciplinary approach
the most common composite approach test
Test of Gross Motor Development #2
Test of Gross Motor Development #2 (TGMD-2) includes __________ activities and (____-_____) skills
Test of Gross Motor Development #2 (TGMD-2) includes localmotive activities and object-control skills
The component approach uses the same phase/stage method (actually defined as steps), view the whole body as ____ sections, with each section progressing through more refined steps toward mature movement patterns.
The component approach uses the same phase/stage method (actually defined as steps), but rather than looking at the whole body as a global system, it breaks it down into component sections, with each section progressing through more refined steps toward mature movement patterns.
The composite approach is also known as the ____ ____ approach and is often called "____ biomechanics."
The composite approach is also known as the total body approach and is often called "developmental biomechanics."
The location of a point in a ___ formed by two axes requires two coordinates
The location of a point in a plane formed by two axes requires two coordinates
The location of a point in a plane formed by two axes requires _____ coordinates,
The location of a point in a plane formed by two axes requires two coordinates, and a point in space requires three coordinates.
total body approach by Seefeldt, Haubenstricker, is what
This series of evaluative tools includes written descriptions of stages through which performers progress and provides serial drawings (similar to stop-frame photography) to show what each movement looks like.
Toddler walking ___________ perspective (what are the step length and step width?) ___________ perspective (why are legs far apart? arms extended?) Kinetic or Kinematic
Toddler walking Kinematic perspective (what are the step length and step width?) Kinetic perspective (why are legs far apart? arms extended?)
Vector Multiplication Two situations are possible with vector multiplication: the product of a ____and a ___, and the product of a ___- and another ___
Vector Multiplication Two situations are possible with vector multiplication: the product of a scalar and a vector, and the product of a vector and another vector.
Vector equality: two vectors are considered equal if they possess the same _______ and __________.
Vector equality: two vectors are considered equal if they possess the same magnitude and direction.
difference between scalar and vector
Vector has direction
an arrow has (1) a tip that points in a certain direction because of a given orientation; (2) a tail that defines where it began; (3)
a certain distance between the tip and tail that defines a length;
a person weighs (more or less) in Denver, Mexico City, or at the equator because he is now farther from the center of the Earth
a person weighs less in Denver, Mexico City, or at the equator because he is now farther from the center of the Earth
An arrow has (1)
a tip that points in a certain direction because of a given orientation;
Bob Beamon's long jump; how much of a factor was air density and why
air density was gave him less fuild fuild resistant, helped more than altitude but still not that much
Bob Beamon's long jump; how much of a factor was altitude and why
altitude have a very little advantage because he weighted less
an arrow has (1) a tip that points in a certain direction because of a given orientation; (2) a tail that defines where it began; (3)a certain distance between the tip and tail that defines a length; and (4)
an imaginary path along which it would travel (Figure 3.5).
and a point in space requires ___ coordinates.
and a point in space requires three coordinates.
and a point in space requires ___________ coordinates.
and a point in space requires three coordinates.
The Q angle is a measurement that is used
as one criterion in determining a person's risk for injury or candidacy for surgery.
The (composite or component) approach uses the same phase/stage method (actually defined as steps), but rather than looking at the whole body as a global system, it breaks it down into component sections, with each section progressing through more refined steps toward mature movement patterns.
component approach
competent view the body as
component sections
The (composite or component) approach views the whole body as a system that progresses through stages or phases as it refines movement patterns.
composite approach
gravitational attraction between two bodies changes when the distance between their centers is changed. As the centers of two bodies are moved farther apart, the gravitational attraction between them goes (up or down)
down
t or f Quantitative When implements are required for the task, they may also be included in the analysis (racquets, bats, clubs, etc.).
f qualitative
t or f the total body approach is scored out of 0 to 1
f, does not have a scoring system
forces are represented by
forces (represented by vectors or arrows)
composite view the by as a
global system
smaller number of fiber tend to have tend to have a higher or lower motor unit ratio
higher MU ratio
vector quantities can be indicated in handwriting by
indicated in handwriting by putting an arrow or line over or under the name of the vector (A or A), or boldfacing the vector name (A).
A body's resistance to having its state of motion changed by application of a force. Mass Inertia weight
inertia
what is a pathology gait
it is how a disease effect your walking mattern
if you so a head to tail method and connect all the vector and draw a line from the first one to the last one, you will get the resultant and when would this change
it will never change
Vector Equality is when the vector has the same ___ and ____
magnitude and direction.
is the quantity of matter of which a body is composed. Mass Inertia
mass
The more massive the object, the (more or less) resistant it is to motion change.
more
Swan neck deformity
muscles and tendons on one side of the joint may overpower those on the other side, pulling the bones out of alignment
does scalar quantity have a direction
no
in the component approach does everyones mature skill performance happen at the same part of the body
no
where would be weight the most, the north pole or the equator
north pole because you a furth away from center of earth
A quantity that can be fully specified simply with a single numerical magnitude of appropriate units. Scalar quantity Vector quantity
scalar
Mass is an example of what type of quantity
scalar
segments are represented with
segments (represented with lines connecting points)
colinear vectors
share the same line of action (parallel with each other)
The composite approach views the whole body as a ____ that progresses through stages or phases as it refines movement patterns.
system
t or f vectors are equal as long as the magnitudes are the same, and their lines of action are parallel,
t
polar coordinate system is
tail to tail
Bob Beamon's long jump; largest factor
the tailwind of 2.0 metter
composite approach two main test
total body approach and gross motor development #2
in the Component Approach how would throw a ball be analyzed
trowing the ball -foot -trunk -legs -arms would all be analyzed seperately
A quantity that can only be fully specified with a magnitude of appropriate units and a precise direction. Scalar quantity Vector quantity
vector
weight is an example of what type of quantity
vector
weight is a vector quantity because
we know the direction of witch gravity is pulling
Measure of the force with which gravity pulls upon an object's mass. Mass Inertia weight
weight
weight is (higher or lower) on the poles of the earth because a person's center is closer to the center of the Earth.
weight is higher on the poles of the earth because a person's center is closer to the center of the Earth.
In the Parkinsonian Gait what happen
when he was off his medication his gate was very bad, they use audio and visual cues to help improve his rhyme, the medication work the best
Component vectors
x and y
if you so a head to tail method and connect all the vector and draw a line from the first one to the last one, what will you get?
you will get the resultant
: How fast was the soccer player moving at the moment of injury? What was the knee angle? •Kinematic analysis or Kinetic analysis:
•Kinematic analysis
