Quiz 3

The number of f orbitals in an f subshell is

7

Which element has the smallest atomic radius (meaning smallest electron cloud)? A. F B. Cs C. I D. Li

A ( Feedback: F (Fluorine), with distinguishing electron 2p5, would have the smallest atomic radius of the elements listed. You may have been tempted to select Lithium, as it has only three electrons in its cloud. Although Fluorine has a total of nine electrons (more six electrons than Lithium), consider that: These six additional electrons are all in the same shell, all approximately the same distance from the nucleus, and unable to shield one another from the positive charge of the nucleus. Since Fluorine's nucleus has six more protons than Lithium's, the electrons in the second shell are "feeling" a much greater effective nuclear charge than those in Lithium's second shell. Thus Fluorine's 9 protons are able to pull the electrons in tightly -- hold them close to the nucleus -- and diminish the size of the electron cloud.)

Which of these elements should have chemical properties similar to those of oxygen A. sulfur B. carbon C. phosphorus D. fluorine E. nitrogen

A (Feedback: Although all of the elements listed are nonmetals, we would expect sulfur to have chemical properties most similar to those of oxygen, since sulfur and oxygen are in the same Group (or "family") in the Periodic Table.)

Which element has the "distinguishing electron" 3d2 A. Ti B. Si C. Nd D. Mg E. Ge

A (Feedback: Ti (Titanium), the second element in the first row of the "d block," would have the distinguishing electron 3d2)

Which of these second period elements is most likely to have the properties of a metalloid (in some instances it behaves as a metal, in other instances, as a nonmetal)? A. aluminum B. phosphorus C. silicon D. magnesium E. sulfur

C. silicon (silicon, which sits at the "stair-step" between the metals and nonmetals, is a metalloid. For example, silicon can act as a semiconductor -- its electrical conductivity is between that of a metal (like copper) and an insulator (like glass). Silicon's ability to conduct electricity varies with temperature.)

Which element has the largest atomic radius (meaning largest electron cloud)? A. F B. Li C. I D. Cs

D

Which element has the "distinguishing electron" 5p4? A. Po B. Mo C. Pm D. Te E. Cr

D (Feedback: Te (Tellurium), in the 5th period, the fourth element over in the "p block," would have the distinguishing electron 5p4.)

what group are in Halogens

Group IIA (often called just "Group 7")

The distinguishing electron for a Noble Gas is:

in a p orbital (the superscript "6" indicates that the distinguishing electron is the 6th electron to go into that p subshell)

The distinguishing electron for a "Representative" Element is located

in an s and p orbital

The distinguishing electron for an Alkaline Earth Metal is:

in an s orbital (The distinguishing electron for an Alkaline Earth Metal is in an s orbital. Specifically, it's "ns2," where: "n" refers to the particular shell (energy level) "s" refers to the subshell (the type of orbital) the superscript "2" indicates that the distinguishing electron is the second electron occupying that s orbital.)

What subshells are in the third energy level (third shell) of an atom?

s, p, and d only

What do the elements in a Group on the periodic table have in common?

the number and arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level (shell)(What elements in the same Group in the periodic table have in common is the number and arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level (outermost shell). And that's why they have similar properties! For example, all of the Alkali Metals in Group IA have a distinguishing electron (the outermost electron) that is s1. Sodium, in the third row, has an outermost electron that is 3s1. Potassium, in the fourth row, has an outermost electron that is 4s1. Rubidium, in the fifth row, has an outermost electron that is 5s1.)