Quiz 3 Answers

The *voc-* of words like vocation, vocal, vocative, vocabulary is an example of a "bound morpheme." True or False?

True

The roots VERS/VERT, STROPH and TROP all have the same meaning. True or False?

True (They all mean "turn")

Write the ordinary English spelling for the following word in phonetic transcription: [ʃʊd]

should (NOT "food" - How would that be described?)

Write the ordinary English spelling for the following word in phonetic transcription: [θɔt]

thought

Write the place of articulation for the following sound: [ŋ]

velar

For the following sound, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless: [b]

voiced

For the following sound, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless: [m]

voiced

For the following sound, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless: [v]

voiced

For the following sound, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless: [ʒ]

voiced

Give a phonetic description for the following IPA symbol: [g]

voiced velar stop

For the following sound, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless: [k]

voiceless

For the following sound, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless: [θ]

voiceless

Write the phonetic symbol for the following sound: voiceless labiodental fricative

[f]

Transcribe the following word into phonetic transcription (if more than one syllable, don't bother notating the position of the accent): young

[j ʌ ŋ] [j a ŋ] Be sure you understand why [j ə ŋ] is unacceptable (see slide 9.8). For [j], cf. slide 9.16 (youth).

Write the phonetic symbol for the following sound: voiced alveolar lateral liquid

[l]

Transcribe the following word into phonetic transcription (if more than one syllable, don't bother notating the position of the accent): smooth

[s m u ð] (see note below) If you wrote [s m u θ], as many students did: this would rhyme with tooth or truth or youth (cf. slide 9.16) — clearly not correct for this word; the final consonant is voiced, not voiceless.

Transcribe the following word into phonetic transcription (if more than one syllable, don't bother notating the position of the accent): afraid

[ə f r e d] Note that [ʌ] is impossible for the vowel of the first syllable, since this syllable is not accented (slide 9.8); cf. the comment on young (a. above). 2 Also here: If you used a "diphthongal" notation for the vowel of the second syllable (like [ə f r e ɪ d] or [ə f r e j d]), no credit was taken off; but it indicates that you didn't understand the point made in lecture about diphthongal notation, which we're not using in this course for [e] and [o] (slide 9.12). In general for all these: no credit taken of

Transcribe the following word into phonetic transcription (if more than one syllable, don't bother notating the position of the accent): joy

[ʤ ɔ ɪ] [ʤ o ɪ] also accepted versions with final [i] or [j] — diphthongs: slides 9.11-12); this word used as a practice example, slide 11.6!

Transcribe the following word into phonetic transcription (if more than one syllable, don't bother notating the position of the accent): chatter

[ʧ æ ɾ ᷂r] No credit taken off if you forgot to write the vertical stroke under the final [r], indicating the "syllabic" (or "vocalic") [r]. (Also: if you wrote final [ɚ] instead of [r] with vertical stroke: no credit taken off, but that's not what we're using in this course, as discussed in lecture.) Note that this word, apart from the initial affricate, is exactly like the practice example "ladder" (slide 9.16). (We also accepted final [ə r] instead of final "syllabic r".)

There are exactly _________ allomorphs or the past tense morpheme of weak verbs in English. a. two b. three c. four d. five

b. three

Write the place of articulation for the following sound: [p]

bilabial/labial

English "matron" (a word that refers to a dignified, motherly woman), "maternal" (which means 'motherly'), and "matricide" (which means 'killing a mother') can be called "cognates." True or False?

False

The relationship among the words gymnasium, gymnast ,and gymnastic involves "inflectional morphology." True or False?

False

What exactly is meant by the term "affricate"?

Full credit required a statement about *a sequence of a stop plus a fricative* (and *in that order*, which is important). It's true that, as we discussed, affricates often function like a single unit (which is how they behave in English); but this is extra information that's not needed for full credit. Note also: comments that an affricate is a "hybrid" or "something between a stop and a fricative" are not correct; statements like this imply that they are not exactly a stop and not exactly a fricative, but something else — which is exactly wrong: they ALWAYS consist of EXACTLY a stop and a fricative, in that order. (No credit taken off for specifying that the stop has to be alveolar, and/or that the fricative needs to be alveopalatal — this happens to be true for English, but not for other languages, which in principle can have phonetically different types of affricates.)

What exactly is meant by the term "vowel reduction"?

Relatively few students chose this one, and most of the answers were poor — so this is *something many students could probably stand to review* ... The critical thing here: *vowel reduction refers to what happens in English (and many other languages) when an accented syllable loses its accent; most typically, the vowel in that syllable becomes a schwa.* Cf. our example "symphonic" (with [a] in the accented 2nd syllable) vs. "symphony" (with schwa in the 2nd syllable, which in this word is unaccented).

Allomorphy in languages operates on the basis of phonological rules, not spelling. True or False?

True

*probable* [Middle English probable, from Old French probable, from Latin probābilis] In this entry, "Old French probable, from Latin probābilis]" means which of the following two? *a)* the Old French word was inherited from the Latin word *b)* the Old French word was borrowed from the Latin word

a. the Old French word was inherited from the Latin word

If -ic is an adjectival suffix (and cf. above on the "connecting vowel" -o-), what could the word philophagic mean?

adjective involving "loving" and "eating": adj. with a quality of loving to eat

If -ient is an adjectival suffix that can describe behavior, and if -o- is a "connecting vowel" that can appear between two roots, what kind of behavior would be referred to by the word *ambulosomnient*?

adjective involving "sleep" and "walk(ing)": adj. having to do with sleepwalking

Write the ordinary English spelling for the following word in phonetic transcription: [edʒ]

age (NOT "edge" - How would that be transcribed?)

Write the place of articulation for the following sound: [n]

alveolar

Write the place of articulation for the following sound: [ʧ]

alveopalatal

*probable* [Middle English probable, from Old French probable, from Latin probābilis] In this entry, "Middle English probable, from Old French probable" means which of the following two? *a)* the Middle English word was inherited from the Old French word *b)* the Middle English word was borrowed from the Old French word

b. the Middle English word was borrowed from the Old French word

Which of the following words does not end in a velar sound? a. hag b. hack c. had d. hang

c. had

Write the ordinary English spelling for the following word in phonetic transcription: [glaɪd]

glide (NOT "glad" - How would that be transcribed?)

Write the ordinary English spelling for the following word in phonetic transcription: [grin]

green (NOT "grin" - How would that be transcribed?)

Give a phonetic description for the following IPA symbol: [ʊ]

high back lax ("vowel" understood, and "rounding" also understood, since [as discussed in lecture] this is automatic for back high and mid vowels, and therefore does not need to be indicated)