quiz 3 exercise physiology

There are activities for which one metabolic pathway contributes 100% of the ATP production

False

ATP and PCr can both be used for fueling cellular work for brief but intense exercise bouts.

false

Anaerobic glycolysis can produce ATP in the absence of both oxygen and glucose.

false

Cells can store large quantities of ATP in anticipation of prolonged intense exercise.

false

Enzymes trigger the onset of chemical reactions.

false

Explain what is the primary substrate used to provide energy at rest? During high-intensity exercise?

Fats are used at rest because we have more time to get ATP because our body is not demanding it. Fats take the longest to get ATP from but it is a bigger pay off than carbs. the fat molecule is much larger than carb molecule like glucose so that explains why it takes longer. When fat is used in the oxidative system it yields the most ATP. During high intensity it is carbs that supply most of the energy because carbs provide quick energy and can be broken down faster than protein and fats. During high intensity exercises 2 systems are commonly used which are the atp-pcr system and the glycolytic system. the reason why is becasue they provide energy quick becasue they do not require oxygen. it is also a shorter process than the oxidative system. So since the body demands energy in high intensity exercise it is more efficient to use carbs and phophocreatine to make atp. Key points 1. Our body use high-energy compound - adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to supply energy. 2. There are three basic energy systems for generating ATP Oxidative system which need O2, and it is more complicated process, supply ATP slow. Can use Fat and Carbohydrate to make APT Glycolytic system, using glucose, it is relatively complicated process. without using O2., Anaerobic, End products - lactic acid which will cause fatigue. Only using Carbohydrate. ATP-PCr (phosphocreatine) system which sue stored ATP and CP, very fast. Using stored ATP and CP. 3. Using which energy system depend on The rate of ATP needs (high intensity has high rate of ATP needs) The rate of ATP supply ATP/PCr - fastest Glycolysis - fast Oxidative fat - slowest and very important is O2 supply. 4, Primary substrate used to provide energy at rest is FAT using oxidative systme. Explain why. 5. Primary substrate used during high-intensity exercise is Glycolysis/ATP/PCr systme. Explain why.

Describe the by-products of energy production from ATP-PCr, glycolysis, and oxidation.

The byproducts of glycolysis when it is used anaerbically is lactic acid. Lactic acid is what is responsible for creating fatigue. When glycolysis uses oxygen then the byproduct is pyruvate and a hydrogen ion. Pyruvate is then attached to acetyl COA an then ran through the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis generates about 2-3 ATP molecules. The by products of oxidation are 36ATP molecules and Carbon dioxide. Oxidation is much slower but more efficient than glycolysis ass long as you have enough oxygen. The by products of the ATP-PCr system is nothing although it does yield 1 ATP. this system uses already stored ATP and CP. First the ATP is broken down into ADP and then phosphocreatine is broken down into creatine and a phosphate and then then phosphate attaches to the ADP and forms ATP. Key points 1. Our body use high-energy compound - adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to supply energy. 2. There are three basic energy systems for generating ATP Oxidative system which need O2, and it supply ATP slow. Can use Fat and Carbohydrate to make APT. end product is CO2 and ATP Glycolytic system, using glucose, it is relatively fast, without using O2., End products - lactic acid which will cause fatigue. ATP-PCr (phosphocreatine) system which sue stored ATP and CP, very fast. Need other two systems to pay back, no end products.

Discuss the interaction among the three energy systems with respect to the rate at which energy can be produced and the sustained capacity to produce that energy.

The fastest system is the PCr system. This system does work very fast but it also runs out very fast as well. This system yields the least amount of ATP at only 1 ATP per Mole. This system has the lowest sustained capacity. This system is usually used in about 20 seconds. The glycolytic system is the next fastest. This system uses glucose anaerobically which allows ATP to be produce at a high rate. This system is good for activities like an 800m run. This system is good for activities that lasts for about 3 minutes. The down side of this system is that it produces lactic acid which makes you feel fatigued. This system does not have great sustained capacity and it only yields 2-3ATP. The slowest system is the Oxidative system. The rate of this system is slow compared to the others but it is very efficient because it produces 36ATPs. This system is broken into the oxidative fat system and oxidative glucose system. This system has a longer sustaining capacity. The Fat has more than the carbs but it is also slower. This system is good for activities that require endurance. An example is a 5000 m run, it is efficient as long as you are getting enough oxygen. Key points 1. Our body use high-energy compound - adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to supply energy. 2. There are three basic energy systems for generating ATP Oxidative system which need O2, and it supply ATP slow. Can use Fat and Carbohydrate to make APT. It can produce much more energy than other two systems, Yield 36 ATP. Glycolytic system, using glucose, it is relatively fast, without using O2.,It yield much less energy than oxidative system. only 2-3 ATP. ATP-PCr (phosphocreatine) system which use stored ATP and CP, process very fast. but yield only 1 ATP.

ATP + water + ATPase = a. ADP + Pi + energy b. ADP + ATPase + heat c. ADP + Pi + Pi d. ADP + heat + water

a. ADP + Pi + energy

Carbohydrate serves as fuel for ATP production a. during short-duration, high-intensity exercise b. after many hours of low-intensity exercise c. during periods of starvation d. during severe caloric restriction

a. during short-duration, high-intensity exercise

What factor causes fatigue after 1 to 2 min of high-intensity exercise? a. lactic acid accumulation b. glycogen depletion c. oxygen insufficiency d. muscle fiber damage

a. lactic acid accumulation

The breakdown of a triglyceride into its components is called a. lipolysis b. lipogenesis c. lipoprotein d. adipolysis

a. lipolysis

When ADP accumulates, what is the effect on the rate of metabolic chemical reactions? a. speeds them up b. slows them down c. has no effect

a. speeds them up

The ATP-PCr system would be the primary ATP source for which event? a. 400 m swim b. 50 m sprint c. 1,600 m (1 mi) run d. 10 k run

b. 50 m sprint

The anaerobic glycolytic system would be the primary source of ATP for which running event? a. 100 m sprint b. 800 m (1/2 mi) run c. 3,200 m (2 mi) run d. marathon

b. 800 m (1/2 mi) run

Which of the following is a response associated with increasing oxidative metabolism in an exercising muscle? a. arteriole constriction b. high heart rate c. shallow breathing d. slow breathing

b. high heart rate

ATP production from fat is ____________ ATP production from glucose. a. faster than b. slower than c. the same as d. less than

b. slower than

During the 400 m sprint (50-60 s long), which two metabolic pathways will be primarily involved? a. ATP-PCr, oxidative phosphorylation b. glycolysis, β-oxidation c. ATP-PCr, glycolysis d. β-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation

c. ATP-PCr, glycolysis

Many marathon runners "hit the wall" around mile 20. What does this tell you about glycogen? a. There is not enough oxygen by mile 20 to continue using glycogen. b. Oxidative phosphorylation of glycogen is too slow by mile 20. c. Glycogen stores are mostly depleted by mile 20. d. Exercise intensity is too high by mile 20 to be sustained by glycogen anymore.

c. Glycogen stores are mostly depleted by mile 20.

Which of the following is responsible for lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction? a. ATP b. additional buildup of substrate c. enzyme activity d. ADP accumulation

c. enzyme activity

Which energy substrate contains the most energy per gram? a. carbohydrate b. protein c. fat d. glycogen

c. fat

Under resting conditions, the ATP-PCr system plays which role? a. fueling most major cellular processes b. lowering metabolic enzyme activity c. replenishing cellular ATP reserves d. not active at rest

c. replenishing cellular ATP reserves

Metabolic enzyme activity can be increased by increasing the a. Na+ concentration b. cellular water content c. temperature d. activation energy

c. temperature

An athlete with a high percentage of type II fibers would exhibit which characteristics? a. more mitochondria, higher oxidative enzymes b. more mitochondria, lower oxidative enzymes c. fewer mitochondria, higher oxidative enzymes d. fewer mitochondria, lower oxidative enzymes

d. fewer mitochondria, lower oxidative enzymes

Higher levels of succinate dehydrogenase in a muscle would indicate a. higher glycolytic capacity b. higher ATP-PCr capacity c. higher lipolytic capacity d. higher oxidative capacity

d. higher oxidative capacity

Protein can serve as an energy substrate if a. certain amino acids are present b. it is utilized by the brain c. it is phosphorylated first d. it is first converted to glucose

d. it is first converted to glucose

In the absence of oxygen, the final product of glycolysis is a. pyruvic acid b. acetyl-CoA c. glucose-1-phosphate d. lactic acid

d. lactic acid

In which part of the cell does oxidative phosphorylation occur? a. plasma membrane b. nucleus c. cytosol d. mitochondria

d. mitochondria

Which of these substrate stores in the body can provide the most overall kilocalories? a. glycogen b. phospholipids c. proteins d. triglycerides

d. triglycerides

Free fatty acids can only be used to produce ATP via aerobic metabolic pathways.

true

Glucose is the primary ATP substrate for the muscles and brain.

true

Human energy substrates are made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

true

The amount of energy used by a chemical reaction can be calculated based on the amount of heat that is released.

true