Quiz 3

Which of the following manual exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average-sized adult? a. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/20 sec, nongrid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID b. 90 kV, 600 mA, 1/20 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID c. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/15 sec, grid, 60-inch (153 cm) SID d. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

A 16-year-old female patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible kidney stone. She complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region. Which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding? a. Do not use it. b. Use it on all projections if correctly placed. c. Use it on the preliminary projection only. d. Ask the patient or her parents for their permission to not shield the gonads.

a. Do not use it.

In which region or compartment of the peritoneum is the spleen located? a. Intraperitoneum b. Retroperitoneum c. Infraperitoneum d. Extraperitoneum

a. Intraperitoneum

A dorsal decubitus abdomen is ordered on a patient. The patient is placed on his back on a cart. The CR will enter the left side of the patient with the patient's right side against the image receptor. What type of marker should be used? Select one: a. Right and decubitus markers b. Left and decubitus markers c. Write "dorsal decubitus" on image after processing. d. Do not use any right or left marker, only a decubitus. Feedback

a. Right and decubitus markers

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic (hepatic) flexure? Select one: a. Right lateral lumbar b. Right inguinal c. Right hypochondriac d. Epigastric

a. Right lateral lumbar

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found? Select one: a. Right upper quadrant b. Left upper quadrant c. Right lower quadrant d. Left lower quadrant Feedback

a. Right upper quadrant

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening) of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome? Select one: a. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique) b. Rotation to the right (right posterior oblique) c. CR off center to the left d. Left hip was internally rotated more than right hip

a. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening) of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome? a. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique) b. Rotation to the right (right posterior oblique) c. CR off center to the left d. Left hip was internally rotated more than right hip

a. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)

What is the best method to control voluntary motion during abdominal radiography? a. Short exposure time b. Second breath hold c. Careful instructions to patient d. Use of small focal spot

a. Short exposure time

Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures? a. Transverse colon b. Descending colon c. Ascending colon d. Sigmoid colon

a. Transverse colon

Gonadal shielding can often be used with male patients for the AP supine abdomen projection. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True

Gonadal shielding can often be used with male patients for the AP supine abdomen projection. a. True b. False

a. True

The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True

The technologist must ____ manual exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites. a. increase b. not change c. decrease d. switch to automatic exposure control (AEC)

a. increase

The most inferior positioning landmark on the abdomen/pelvis is the: a. ischial tuberosity. b. symphysis pubis. c. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). d. iliac crest.

a. ischial tuberosity.

The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is: Select one: a. sonography. b. nuclear medicine. c. barium enema study. d. MRI.

a. sonography.

At what level should the central ray (CR) be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen? Select one: a. Iliac crest b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. ASIS d. Umbilicus

b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

What CR centering should be used for a dorsal decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. At level of umbilicus b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. At level of iliac crest d. Place bottom of cassette at level of ASIS

b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

Which of the following kV ranges is recommended for a KUB on an adult? a. 50 to 60 b. 70 to 80 c. 90 to 100 d. 110 to 120

b. 70 to 80

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand and lie recumbent. Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition? a. AP KUB b. AP erect abdomen c. Right lateral decubitus d. Dorsal decubitus

b. AP erect abdomen

What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP) kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) abdomen projection? Select one: a. Inspiration b. Expiration c. Shallow breathing during exposure d. Either inspiration or expiration

b. Expiration

What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP) kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) abdomen projection? a. Inspiration b. Expiration c. Shallow breathing during exposure d. Either inspiration or expiration

b. Expiration

Gonadal shielding can be used for a KUB abdomen projection on an adolescent female with possible urinary stones. a. True b. False

b. False

The use of low kV and high mAs is the ideal combination of exposure factors to reduce patient dose. a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds to L2-3 vertebral level? a. Xiphoid process b. Inferior costal margin c. Jugular notch d. ASIS

b. Inferior costal margin

In which region or compartment of the abdomen is the pancreas located? Select one: a. Intraperitoneal b. Retroperitoneal c. Infraperitoneal d. Extraperitoneal

b. Retroperitoneal

In which region or compartment of the abdomen is the pancreas located? a. Intraperitoneal b. Retroperitoneal c. Infraperitoneal d. Extraperitoneal

b. Retroperitoneal

The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ilium is the: Select one: a. ischial tuberosity. b. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). c. symphysis pubis. d. iliac crest.

b. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

The greater omentum extends from the transverse colon to the: Select one: a. posterior abdominal wall. b. greater curvature of the stomach. c. inferior margin of liver. d. duodenum.

b. greater curvature of the stomach.

Where is the CR centered for the left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. Level of iliac crest b. Xiphoid process c. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest d. 2 inches (5 cm) below iliac crest

c. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

What is another common term for the greater omentum? Select one: a. Mesentery b. Adipose layer c. Fatty apron d. Peritoneum

c. Fatty apron

Why is the PA projection of the abdomen less desirable for a KUB than the AP projection? a. There is an increased gonadal dose with the PA projection. b. The PA projection is less comfortable for the patient. c. Kidneys are farther from the image receptor with PA projection. d. It is not less desirable, but is the radiographer's choice.

c. Kidneys are farther from the image receptor with PA projection.

Which of the following factors must be observed for an AP erect abdomen projection? Select one: a. Collimate lower border to level of ASIS. b. Use a higher kV technique. c. Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging. d. Increase SID to 72 inches (183 cm) to minimize magnification.

c. Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging.

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? Select one: a. Mesentery b. Omentum c. Peritoneum d. Viscera

c. Peritoneum

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? a. Mesentery b. Omentum c. Peritoneum d. Viscera

c. Peritoneum

The xiphoid process is at the vertebral level of: Select one: a. L2-3. b. T2-3. c. T9-10. d. T5-6.

c. T9-10.

An ileus is the formal term for: Select one: a. perforated bowel. b. bleeding in the abdomen. c. bowel obstruction. d. free air in the peritoneal cavity.

c. bowel obstruction.

To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the: Select one: a. iliac crest. b. ASIS. c. greater trochanter or symphysis pubis. d. inferior costal margin.

c. greater trochanter or symphysis pubis.

The prefix pyelo refers to the: Select one: a. urinary bladder. b. ureter. c. renal pelvis. d. renal cortex.

c. renal pelvis.

Which of the following manual exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average-sized adult? a. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/20 sec, nongrid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID b. 90 kV, 600 mA, 1/20 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID c. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/15 sec, grid, 60-inch (153 cm) SID d. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

d. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? a. Adynamic ileus b. Volvulus c. Intussusception d. Ascites

d. Ascites

Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? a. dynamic ileus b. Volvulus c. Intussusception d. Ascites

d. Ascites

A patient enters the ED with a possible perforated duodenal ulcer. The patient is ambulatory. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate intraperitoneal air in the abdomen? a. AP supine b. Right lateral decubitus c. Dorsal decubitus d. Erect PA chest

d. Erect PA chest

The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level. Select one: a. L1 b. L2-3 c. T12 d. L4-5

d. L4-5

The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level. a. L1 b. L2-3 c. T12 d. L4-5

d. L4-5

A patient is in the intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. The surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel. The patient cannot stand or sit. Which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal free air? a. Right lateral decubitus b. Dorsal decubitus c. Ventral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus

d. Left lateral decubitus

A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image. The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated. What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image? Select one: a. Use two 35 ´ 42 cm (14 ´ 17 inch) cassettes crosswise. b. Center the cassette 2 inches (5 cm) below the iliac crest. c. Open up the collimators to include the ischial tuberosities. d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image. The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated. What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image? a. Use two 35 × 42 cm (14 × 17 inch) cassettes crosswise. b. Center the cassette 2 inches (5 cm) below the iliac crest. c. Open up the collimators to include the ischial tuberosities. d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be at the approximate level of the: Select one: a. inferior costal margin. b. jugular notch. c. xiphoid process. d. axilla. Feedback

d. axilla.