Quiz 4-History, Theories, and Research Methods in Lifespan Development

Dr. Makem E. Famous is really interested in understanding how adults' general feelings of anxiety are shaped by the transition to middle age; she assumes that as individuals begin to display more outward signs of aging around their 40th birthdays, they will begin to contemplate, in earnest, the reality of aging and display more anxiety in general in life. She planned a study that spanned 10 years, and is midway through it. Starting in mid-April of 2015 with a group of people who were 35, she began collecting a whole range of anxiety measures every April thereafter. Anxiety levels for participants in her study held relatively stable from 2015-2019, but started to skyrocket in April 2020. Hooray! She plans to end the study early because she's found such strong support for her hypothesis, and immediately begins writing a book about her findings. She can't wait to be featured on all the talk shows! What kind of research design did Dr. Famous use for her study? a. A longitudinal design. b. A cross-sectional design. c. Schaie's Most Efficient Design (aka a Cohort Sequential Design)

a. A longitudinal design.

Which of the following research designs allows you to start to tease out age effects v. cohort effects or time-of-measurement effects? a.Cohort sequential designs (also called Schaie's Most Efficient Design). b. Cross-sectional Designs. c. Longitudinal designs.

a. Cohort sequential designs (also called Schaie's Most Efficient Design).

Maizi and Mitzi are identical twins and shared an upstairs bedroom at home until they were 8... one day, Mitzi took a horrific tumble out of their bedroom window when they were using it as a stage for a puppet show. Even though she was not physically injured, Mitzi has been petrified of stairs, heights, and any situation above ground-level ever since. Eventually, Maizi and Mitzi go to college when they are 18. Both want to major in Accounting, but the Accounting Department is located on the second floor of the Business School at their university; Mitzi decides to major in Art, which is housed in a one-story building, instead. Both graduate from college on time, and get jobs doing the things they majored in. Maizi gets hired on with a local accounting firm and enjoys her quiet, 9-5 job and the steady companionship of her husband, Mark. Mitzi's art happens to get noticed by a fine art dealer from New York, and that woman's sponsorship propels her to international fame. While Mitzi has all the money should could ever want, she's currently sad that she has no one special with whom to share her fame and exciting lifestyle. When we compare the happiness trajectories of Maizi and Mitzi, current they tell a tale of ______. a. Multifinality. b. Equifinality.

a. Multifinality.

Fill in the serial blanks: _____ most likely produce continuous change, whereas ____ have the potential to produce discontinuity in development. a. Normative Influences; Non-Normative Influences b. Non-Normative Influences; Normative Influences.

a. Normative Influences; Non-Normative Influences

Maizi and Mitzi are identical twins and shared an upstairs bedroom at home until they were 8... one day, Mitzi took a horrific tumble out of their bedroom window when they were using it as a stage for a puppet show. Even though she was not physically injured, Mitzi has been petrified of stairs, heights, and any situation above ground-level ever since. Eventually, Maizi and Mitzi go to college when they are 18. Both want to major in Accounting, but the Accounting Department is located on the second floor of the Business School at their university; Mitzi decides to major in Art, which is housed in a one-story building, instead. Both graduate from college on time, and get jobs doing the things they majored in. Maizi gets hired on with a local accounting firm and enjoys her quiet, 9-5 job and the steady companionship of her husband, Mark. Mitzi's art happens to get noticed by a fine art dealer from New York, and that woman's sponsorship propels her to international fame. While Mitzi has all the money should could ever want, she's currently sad that she has no one special with whom to share her fame and exciting lifestyle. Which of the following would be considered a normative age-graded influence? a. Neither of the other two answers reflect a normative age-graded influence on development. b. Maizi and Mitzi going to college at 18. c. Mitzi taking a horrific fall out of an upstairs bedroom window when she was 8.

b. Maizi and Mitzi going to college at 18.

Maizi and Mitzi are identical twins and shared an upstairs bedroom at home until they were 8... one day, Mitzi took a horrific tumble out of their bedroom window when they were using it as a stage for a puppet show. Even though she was not physically injured, Mitzi has been petrified of stairs, heights, and any situation above ground-level ever since. Eventually, when they are 18, Maizi and Mitzi go to college. Both want to major in Accounting, but the Accounting Department is located on the second floor of the Business School at their university; Mitzi decides to major in Art, which is housed in a one-story building, instead. Both graduate from college on time, and get jobs doing the things they majored in. Maizi gets hired on with a local accounting firm and enjoys her quiet, 9-5 job and the steady companionship of her husband, Mark. Mitzi's art happens to get noticed by a fine art dealer from New York, and that woman's sponsorship propels her to international fame. While Mitzi has all the money should could ever want, she's currently sad that she has no one special with whom to share her fame and exciting lifestyle. Which of the following would be considered a nonnormative influence? a. Mitzi and Maizi going to college at 18. b. Mitzi taking a horrific fall out of an upstairs window when she was 8. c. Twin sisters playing together when they are 8. d. Maizi majoring in Accounting.

b. Mitzi taking a horrific fall out of an upstairs window when she was 8.

Dr. Makem E. Famous is back and is now blasting her findings all over social media: TURNING 40 CAUSES ANXIETY!!! Does the fact that she has found a very strong correlations between turning 40 and scores on her anxiety measures justify this conclusion? a. Yes. b. No.

b. No.

Which of the following principles of Lifespan Development, by definition, means that functioning is not predetermined (entirely) by genetic factors and is open to change (within certain limits)? a. Multidirectionality. b. Plasticity. c. Multidimensionality. d. Lifelong.

b. Plasticity.

Do contextual factors (like those related to how one's racial or ethnic group is viewed and treated within society, access to resources and healthcare, and culture) matter within the Lifespan Developmental perspective? a. No - the lifespan developmental perspective is more focused on the how the individual develops, and focuses primarily on genes and internal factors like self-esteem, optimism, coping skills, etc. b. Yes - the lifespan developmental perspective comprises all of these variables.

b. Yes - the lifespan developmental perspective comprises all of these variables.

Dr. Makem E. Famous is really interested in understanding how adults' general feelings of anxiety are shaped by the transition to middle age; she assumes that as individuals begin to display more outward signs of aging around their 40th birthdays, they will begin to contemplate, in earnest, the reality of aging and display more anxiety in general in life. She planned a study that spanned 10 years, and is midway through it. Starting in mid-April of 2015 with a group of people who were 35, she began collecting a whole range of anxiety measures every April thereafter. Anxiety levels for participants in her study held relatively stable from 2015-2019, but started to skyrocket in April 2020. Hooray! She plans to end the study early because she's found such strong support for her hypothesis, and immediately begins writing a book about her findings. She can't wait to be featured on all the talk shows! Is Dr. Famous justified in her conclusions? a. Yes! Anxiety went up precipitously (went way up) right around the time her participants turned 40! b. No! But, not for any of the reasons listed. c. No! Her age effects are confounded with cohort effects! d. No! Her age effects are confounded with time-of-measurement effects!

d. No! Her age effects are confounded with time-of-measurement effects!