Quiz 4: Source-filter theory for consonants

Acoustically, the voiceless fricative source may be described as ______________.

a continuous aperiodic sound

Anatomically, the primary filter for fricatives is _________________.

a half open tube anterior to the fricative constriction

What voicing, place, and manner features describe the consonant /n/?

voiced alveolar nasal

What articulatory features describe the phoneme /g/?

voiced velar stop

What phoneme is a voiceless labio-dental fricative? /b/ /p/ /f/ /s/ /θ/

/f/

If we looked at five different fricatives, including the velar fricative /x/ ( which is not normally used in English), which is likely to have the LOWEST spectral peaks?

/x/

What consonant segment is a voiceless palatal fricative? /p/ /f/ /θ/ /ʃ/ /g/

/ʃ/

Does the following sound segment s have one or two sources? /e/

1

Does the following sound segment s have one or two sources? /f/

1

Does the following sound segment s have one or two sources? /θ/

1

Does the following sound segment s have one or two sources? /ð/

2

A fricative produced in the area of the mid-palate, such as /ʃ/ would likely have its first prominent spectral peaks at about _______________.

2000 Hz

A fricative produced at the alveolar ridge, such as /s/, would likely have its first prominent spectral peaks at about _______________.

4000 Hz

Like, vowels fricatives may be understood in terms of source filter theory . For a voiceless fricative, the source may be described anatomically as ________________________.

an articulatory constriction

What name do we give to the shrap reduction in amplitude at particular frequencies when sound is absorbed by the "shunt" or "sidebranch" resonators of nasal stops (or sometimes of fricatives)?

anti-formants

Of the various temporal sections of a stop consonant , which section is characterized PHYSICALLY by airflow through a partially open glottis, and ACOUSTICALLY by a low intensity continuous periodic sound?

aspiration

Of the various temporal sections of a voiceless stop consonant , which section is characterized PHYSICALLY by a complete obstruction of airflow, and ACOUSTICALLY by no sound at all?

closure (stop gap)

For a voiceless stop consonant in VCV context, four acoustic characteristics to be found between the end of V1 and the start of V2 would be, in temporal order: (1)______ (2) _____ (3) ______ (4) ______

closure--->transient release--->frication--->aspiration

With respect to the periodicity or aperiodicity of sound sources, vowel sounds in English almost always have a(n) ______________ source, while consonant sounds usually have a(n) ______________source

complex periodic; aperiodic

What happens to formants in vowels surrounding nasal consonants (or produced by speakers with VP insufficiency)?

formant bandwidth increases and formant intensity decreases

Which speech sounds are usually the first to become distorted in articulatory disorders like dysarthia or in the case of hearing loss

fricatives

With respect to intensity, vowel sounds are relatively ___________ intensity, and consonant sounds are relatively __________ intensity.

high; low

Fricatives are forced by forcing of air though narrow constriction in the vocal tract. In addition, many fricatives also have some sort of anatomic obstacle (e.g., teeth) in front if the construction. The acoustic effect of this obstacle is ________________.

increase intensity of fricative noise

What are the consequences for intelligibility when vowels are nasalized?

intelligibility may decrease because formants are less distinct

If a fricative constriction is articulated far back in the mouth, the spectrum of that fricative is likely to show peaks relatively ________ in frequency, but if a fricative is articulated forward in the mouth, the spectral peaks are likely to be relatively ______________.

low; high

We began with a comparison of some acoustic characteristics of vowels and consonants. With respect to frequency,vowel sounds are relatively _________ frequency, and consonant sounds tend to be relatively ___________ frequency.

low; high

Relative to voiceless stops, voiced stops have

much shorter VOT

All nasals tend to be charecterized by a distinctive resonance peak at about 250-300 Hz. What special name do we tend to give to this distinctive resonance?

nasal murmur

The spectral name we give to that period in a stop consonant in a VCV context that extends from the point of release to the onset of the following vowel is

voice onset time