Quiz #5

Tobairitz

A 12th-century Aquitainian noblewoman who wrote refined love songs; the female counterpart to a troubadour

Cantata

A multi-part work for voice(s) and accompaniment. 17th-century examples were often for solo voice and basso continuo, while later examples were more often for soloists, choir, and orchestra. They can be secular (a chamber) or sacred (a church)

Bar form

A musical form, A A B, common in troubadour songs and Lutheran hymns

Tablature

A type of instrument-specific notation that provides the player with visual instructions regarding where to place their fingers on a fretboard or keyboard

Pavan

A type of slow, stately court dance popular in 16th-century Europe

Minstrel

In 12th-century Aquitaine, a travelling musician who spreads the songs of the troubadours

Microtones

Intervals smaller than a half step

Chamber music

Music intended for one-on-a-part performance in a small space; usually refers to compositions that require between two and eight performers

Makam music

The classical music of the Turkish tradition. Contains a system of musical modes that determine not only pitches but characteristic melodic motifs, ascending and descending melodic patterns, phrase endings, and the specific tuning of individual notes

British Invasion

a cultural phenomenon of the mid-1960s, when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom and other aspects of British culture became popular in the United States and significant to the rising "counterculture" on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean

Double tracking

a technique by which a melodic line is recorded twice and layered together in the final recording

String quartet

a type of chamber ensemble composed of two violins, a viola, and a cello Opus - Latin for "work;" used to number compositions, usually in the order of creation

Vidas

short narratives or biographies, which were only loosely grounded in historical truth, include few details about the troubadour's work or life. Instead, they focus entirely on the noble personages whom the troubadour loved and on behalf of whom the troubadour suffered

Canso

the most significant genre of troubadour song

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

the world famous, award winning 1967 album by The Beatles recorded at Abbey Road studios. It was one of the earliest examples of a concept album

Ottoman Empire

was founded in 1299 by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I. In 1453, they captured the Christian city of Constantinople, which had until that point been the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Renamed Istanbul, that city became the capital

Troubadours

were noblemen who wrote and performed courtly songs for their own entertainment in Aquitaine (what is now southern France). They created the first secular song repertoire ever to be written down