Quiz 5 Ch. 11 & 20

b. Fever, diarrhea, sore throat

The nurse is collecting data for a patient with suspected exposure to HIV. Which symptoms would be most concerning and this patient? a. Tremors, edema, coughing b. Fever, diarrhea, sore throat c. Urticaria, sneezing, pruritus d. Abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting

1. drug use 2. viral infection 3. occupation 5. smoking

A college student is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. The student has a history of smoking and recreational cocaine use and works for a floor refinishing company part-time. Which factors increase this student's risk for developing cancer? (Select all that apply) 1. drug use 2. viral infection 3. occupation 4. age 5. smoking

a. Alcohol c. Smoked meats e. Charbroiled meat

1. The nurse is providing dietary teaching to help a patient reduce the risk of cancer. Which foods should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid? (Select all that apply.) a. Alcohol b. Whole grains c. Smoked meats d. Root vegetables e. Charbroiled meat f. Cruciferous vegetables

b. Cleanse the site with soap and water.

A healthcare worker is exposed to blood from a patient who has HIV. What action should the worker take after the exposure? a. Apply alcohol to the site. b. Cleanse the site with soap and water. c. Flush the site with hot running water. d. Apply a topical antibiotic to the site.

1. Wash exposure site with soap and water. 2. Seek medical care. 3. Start treatment with basic prophylaxis regimen within hours of exposure. 4. Continue treatment for 4 weeks. 5. Expand prophylaxis treatment with an additional medication. 6. Have HIV antibody testing done at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after exposure.

A nurse has suffered a needle stick injury while caring for a patient with AIDS. The CDC recommends steps to take post exposure prophylaxis. Place the steps in order.

a. Lung cancer

A nurse is conducting a community education class on cancer risk. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when women recognize that they are most at risk of dying of which type of cancer? a. Lung cancer b. Breast cancer c. Uterine cancer d. Ovarian cancer

d. "I know that eating pickled and smoked foods can help prevent GI cancers."

A nurse is teaching a patient about risk factors for cancer. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables." b. "I should eat a low-fat diet that is high in fiber." c. "I understand that eating a high-fat diet increases my risk of breast cancer." d. "I know that eating pickled and smoked foods can help prevent GI cancers."

1. "The theory of cellular mutation suggests that carcinogens cause mutations in cellular RNA."

A patient asks the nurse how his cancer developed. Which statement should the nurse avoid in responding to this patient? 1. "The theory of cellular mutation suggests that carcinogens cause mutations in cellular RNA." 2. "Oncogenes are genes that promote cell proliferation and are capable of triggering cancerous characteristics." 3. "The majority of people do not have an inherited form of cancer." 4. "Known carcinogens include viruses, drugs, hormones, and chemical and physical agents."

a. Reduced dietary fat intake can lower cancer risk.

A patient asks what dietary changes can be made to help protect against cancer. The nurse should base his or her response to the patient's question on which of the following? a. Reduced dietary fat intake can lower cancer risk. b. Reduced dietary salt intake reduces malignancy development. c. Increased intake of beef and poultry decrease the risk of malignancy. d. Increased intake of milk products will lower risk of cancer development

d. They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production.

A patient asks, What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV? Which response should the nurse make? a. They encapsulate the virus-infected cells. b. They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy. c. They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus. d. They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production.

d. Elevated blood pressure

A patient being treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer also is being given epoetin alfa for anemia. During the assessment, of what finding should the nurse be most observant? a. Dyspnea b. Bone pain c. Fluid retention d. Elevated blood pressure

d. Anti-neoplastics, such as Adriamycin, attack all rapidly dividing cells

A patient develops alopecia related to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) therapy. Which statement should the nurse use to explain this side effect? a. Uric acid collects in hair cells. b. Antibiotics stop all hair growth. c. Bone marrow suppression prevents nourishment of hair follicles. d. Anti-neoplastics, such as Adriamycin, attack all rapidly dividing cells

d. Encourage the patient to prioritize activities around frequent rest periods.

A patient develops fatigue related to radiation therapy. Which intervention is the most appropriate for this patient? a. Discuss the patient's views concerning blood transfusion. b. Encourage moderate exercise between radiation treatments. c. Encourage larger portions of foods rich with calories and protein. d. Encourage the patient to prioritize activities around frequent rest periods.

2. "It changes the body processes that caused the cancer by enhancing your own immunity."

A patient diagnosed with cancer and scheduled to begin biotherapy asks the nurse how the therapy will treat the cancer. How should the nurse respond to this patient? 1. "It uses radiation implanted into the organ with the cancer." 2. "It changes the body processes that caused the cancer by enhancing your own immunity." 3. "It uses laser therapy to remove the cancer." 4. "It uses stem cells to treat the cancer."

2. Discuss pain control options.

A patient diagnosed with cancer tells the nurse that he does not want to experience anymore pain. What should the nurse do to help this patient? 1. Explain that every patient with cancer has pain. 2. Discuss pain control options. 3. Review ways to reduce pain without the use of medication. 4. Instruct on why pain will continue throughout treatment.

a. Filgrastim (Neupogen) b. Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) d. Epoetin alfa (Epogen)

A patient is diagnosed with a blood disorder after receiving chemotherapy. Which colony-stimulating drugs should the nurse expect might be prescribed to help treat this disorder? (Select all that apply.) a. Filgrastim (Neupogen) b. Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) c. Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) d. Epoetin alfa (Epogen) e. Exemestane (Casodex) f. Irinotecan (Camptosar)

a. Sarcoma

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor of the bone. Which term should the nurse consider when documenting this patient's health problem? a. Sarcoma b. Osteoma c. Adenoma d. Carcinoma

b. "The tumor has not invaded any tissues beyond the original site."

A patient is diagnosed with a stage I tumor in situ (TIS). Which explanation of TIS by the nurse is the best? a. "The tumor has spread and is generalized throughout the body." b. "The tumor has not invaded any tissues beyond the original site." c. "The tumor has spread to the lymph nodes in the immediate area." d. "The tumor is situated between two tissues, so there is risk for metastasis to both tissues."

3. Assess for spinal cord compression.

A patient with cancer is experiencing lower extremity numbness and loss of motor function. What should be done to assist this patient? 1. Administer oxygen. 2. Provide intravenous fluids. 3. Assess for spinal cord compression. 4. Turn and reposition every two hours.

b. Discourage use of alcohol and tobacco. d. Advise the patient to avoid very cold foods and drinks. f. Advise the patient to use a neutral mouthwash, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and water.

A patient is experiencing mucositis as a result of radiation therapy. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a. Provide oral care once daily. b. Discourage use of alcohol and tobacco. c. Encourage citrus juice for vitamin C supplementation. d. Advise the patient to avoid very cold foods and drinks. e. Heat all liquids before drinking to promote oral blood flow. f. Advise the patient to use a neutral mouthwash, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and water.

b. "The doctor will use a needle to go into the tumor for a sample of cells."

A patient is scheduled for a needle biopsy of the breast. Which statement indicates that teaching has been effective? a. "A small needle will be used to inject chemotherapy into my tumor." b. "The doctor will use a needle to go into the tumor for a sample of cells." c. "A needle will be implanted into the tumor so medication can be injected." d. "The doctor is going to make a small incision in my breast to get some tumor cells."

b. Reduces the size of the tumor before surgery

A patient is scheduled for radiation treatments before having surgery to remove a tumor. What should the nurse cite as the reason for the radiation treatments? a. Reduces the need for chemotherapy b. Reduces the size of the tumor before surgery c. Reduces the need for radiation after the surgery d. Reduces the spread of cancer cells during the surgery

b. Tarry stools

A patient on chemotherapy after surgery develops thrombocytopenia. Which manifestation should the nurse report immediately to the physician? a. Headache b. Tarry stools c. Pain at the surgical site d. Blood pressure 136/88 mm Hg

d. Check the patient's urine, and tell the patient that this is a common side effect of Adriamycin.

A patient receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin) voids urine that is bright red. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? a. Notify the physician STAT. b. Withhold all red dye from the patient's diet. c. Draw a hemoglobin sample and prepare for possible blood transfusion. d. Check the patient's urine, and tell the patient that this is a common side effect of Adriamycin.

b. "Patient reports xerostomia."

A patient receiving radiation therapy for a tumor in the salivary gland is complaining of a very dry mouth. How should the nurse document this finding? a. "Halitosis noted." b. "Patient reports xerostomia." c. "Grade II stomatitis present." d. "Patient experiencing dysphagia with liquids."

a. Ineffective Protection related to thrombocytopenia

A patient undergoing chemotherapy telephones the clinic to complain of a nosebleed 2 days after a treatment. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse consider while further assessing the patient? a. Ineffective Protection related to thrombocytopenia b. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements c. Risk for Infection related to low WBC count d. Disturbed Body Image related to effects of chemotherapy

b. You should tell those who have a reason to know.

A patient who has AIDS expresses concern about telling others about the illness. Which response would be appropriate by the nurse? a. It would be best to tell everyone you know. b. You should tell those who have a reason to know. c. Your diagnosis will be discovered anyway by those you know. d. Secrecy is a poor idea because it will erode your self-esteem

d. CD4+ lymphocyte counts are monitored to determine the progression of the disease

A patient who has HIV asks the nurse why blood work has to be done so frequently. Which response should the nurse make to the patient? a. B-lymphocyte levels increase if you have an acute infection. b. Phagocytes are decreased when the disease is in an active phase. c. Neutrophil counts help the doctor titrate medication levels to keep you healthy. d. CD4+ lymphocyte counts are monitored to determine the progression of the disease

a. Elevated serum calcium

A patient who has been treated for breast cancer is undergoing routine laboratory work. Which laboratory finding would cause the nurse to be most concerned about metastasis? a. Elevated serum calcium b. Decreased serum calcium c. Elevated serum potassium d. Decreased serum potassium

a. Use beach towels. b. Do not walk barefoot. c. Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables. e. Take an antimicrobial agent if diarrhea occurs.

A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico. What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? Select all that apply a. Use beach towels. b. Do not walk barefoot. c. Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables. d. Clean bathroom supplies with bleach. e. Take an antimicrobial agent if diarrhea occurs.

d. Risk for Infection due to weak immune system and parenteral therapy

A patient with AIDS-related wasting syndrome is very weak, lies listlessly in bed, has an intravenous (IV) drip, and receives antiretroviral medications via injection. What should be the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? a. Pain related to immobility b. Ineffective Individual Coping due to terminal stage of HIV c. Risk for Injury due to impaired mobility, weakness, and weight loss d. Risk for Infection due to weak immune system and parenteral therapy

c. HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment.

A patient with HIV asks the nurse if thinking about dying frequently is common with HIV. What is an appropriate response by the nurse? a. HIV is a serious disease that results in death. b. Thinking about death will not change the prognosis. c. HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment. d. HIV has a very high mortality rate, so it is realistic to plan for death.

4. metastasis

A patient with a history of cancer is surprised to learn that new cancer has been diagnosed in another body part. What should the nurse realize this patient is experiencing? 1. a solid mass 2. contact inhibition 3. destructive force from a benign neoplasm 4. metastasis

2. promotion

A patient with a history of smoking is diagnosed with cancer. If applying the cellular mutation theory of cancer to this patient's diagnosis, the nurse realizes that smoking impacted which stage? 1. initiation 2. promotion 3. progression 4. replication

2. anorexia-cachexia syndrome

A patient with cancer is admitted with a weight loss of 25 lbs. over the last month with progressive anorexia. The nurse suspects this patient is experiencing what physiological effect of cancer? 1. paraneoplastic syndrome 2. anorexia-cachexia syndrome 3. infection 4. esophageal obstruction

b. The time needed to provide quality patient care c. The distance between the patient and caregivers d. The use of a barrier to protect from radiation exposure

A patient with cancer is receiving a dose of an oral radioactive isotope. What should the nurse keep in mind to ensure personal safety when caring for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. The best skin care approaches for the patient b. The time needed to provide quality patient care c. The distance between the patient and caregivers d. The use of a barrier to protect from radiation exposure e. The types of foods the patient should abstain from ingesting

b. Palliative surgery is done to increase the patient's comfort when cure is not possible.

A patient with cancer is scheduled for palliative surgery. Which explanation should the nurse use to describe the purpose of this surgery? a. Palliative surgery is done to reconstruct tissues damaged by the cancer. b. Palliative surgery is done to increase the patient's comfort when cure is not possible. c. Palliative surgery is done to remove a cancer completely and increase the chances for cure. d. Palliative surgery is done to remove surrounding lymph nodes, reducing the risk for spread of the primary tumor

b. Elevate the head of the bed. c. Remove restrictive clothing. e. Avoid using the arms for venipuncture.

A patient with lung cancer is experiencing neck edema and shortness of breath. What actions can the nurse take to help relieve this patient's symptoms? (Select all that apply.) a. Restrict fluids. b. Elevate the head of the bed. c. Remove restrictive clothing. d. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter. e. Avoid using the arms for venipuncture.

d. Chemotherapy drugs depress the bone marrow, which can lead to infection and an increase in WBC count.

A patient with lung cancer is receiving chemotherapy. Why should the nurse closely monitor the patient's white blood cell (WBC) count? a. Chemotherapy drugs cause polycythemia and can precipitate thrombosis. b. Chemotherapy drugs attack WBCs and shorten their life span, which increases risk for infection. c. Chemotherapy drugs cause proliferation of blood cells, which can lead to sluggish circulation. d. Chemotherapy drugs depress the bone marrow, which can lead to infection and an increase in WBC count.

a. "PSA is a tumor marker that is elevated in patients with prostate cancer."

A patient with prostate cancer asks the nurse the meaning of his high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. "PSA is a tumor marker that is elevated in patients with prostate cancer." b. "PSA levels are done routinely to determine whether your prostate cancer has spread to a new site." c. "The doctor orders PSA measurements to monitor the level of chemotherapy medication in your blood." d. "A PSA test allows the pathologist to view the cancer cells under the microscope to monitor the progression of cancer.

d. Be sure all the cats have up-to-date immunizations, and avoid their feces

An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says, I always get my pets from a known sanitary source. What should the nurse instruct the patient about cats and the risk of infection? a. Keep cats outdoors most of the time. b. Obtain only cats that are less than 1 year old. c. Remove all pets from your home. Avoid all contact with cats. d. Be sure all the cats have up-to-date immunizations, and avoid their feces

1. eats red meat 5 times a week 2. drinks 6 cups of coffee every day 4. prefers fried fish and chicken over baked 5. orders a deli sandwich for lunch every day

At the completion of a dietary history the nurse is concerned that a patient is at risk for developing cancer. Which food habit does the patient have that causes the nurse to have this concern? (Select all that apply) 1. eats red meat 5 times a week 2. drinks 6 cups of coffee every day 3. has a salad every evening with dinner 4. prefers fried fish and chicken over baked 5. orders a deli sandwich for lunch every day

a. Patient's weight is unchanged during treatment.

Based on the diagnosis "Imbalanced Nutrition related to nausea and vomiting," the goal of maintaining a stable weight during chemotherapy was identified for a patient receiving care. Which statement provides the best evidence that the goal has been met? a. Patient's weight is unchanged during treatment. b. Patient states nausea and vomiting are controlled. c. Patient is able to eat 90% of meals without nausea. d. Patient's nausea and vomiting are controlled with antiemetic medication.

a. Fever

The family of a patient with aids has been instructed on patient manifestations to report to the healthcare provider. Which manifestation should be reported indicating that teaching has been effective? a. Fever b. Dry mouth c. Night sweats d. Constipation

2. difficulty breathing 3. onset of bleeding 5. extreme hunger

The family of a patient with terminal metastatic cancer asks the nurse for guidelines regarding when to call for help when the patient is discharged to go home. What guidelines should the nurse instruct this family that indicates the patient needs medical intervention? (Select all that apply) 1. oral temperature greater than 100° F 2. difficulty breathing 3. onset of bleeding 4. resting comfortably, and reading 5. extreme hunger

d. Use gloves and a protective gown to clean the spill according to agency policy.

The intravenous line of a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy agent has disconnected and is lying on the floor. The medication is dripping all over the floor. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Reconnect the IV tubing immediately. b. Wipe it up as quickly as possible with disposable cloths. c. No special precautions are needed for vesicant drug cleanups. d. Use gloves and a protective gown to clean the spill according to agency policy.

c. Wear clean gloves for body fluid contact.

The nurse contributed to a staff education program about transmission precautions to use when caring for a patient who has AIDS. Which statement by a staff member indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a. Wear a mask for any patient contact. b. Wear a waterproof gown at all times. c. Wear clean gloves for body fluid contact. d. Wear sterile gloves for any patient contact.

d. Cancer is a name for a large group of diseases characterized by cells that multiply rapidly and invade normal tissue.

The nurse educator is preparing a seminar on cancer for a group of nursing students. Which definition should the nurse educator use to accurately describe cancer? a. Cancer is a name for cells that produce toxins that destroy body organs. b. Cancer is a term used to describe all new abnormal growths in the body. c. Cancer is a name given to a disease caused primarily from toxins in the environment. d. Cancer is a name for a large group of diseases characterized by cells that multiply rapidly and invade normal tissue.

a. Add nutmeg to foods. b. Provide oral care before meals. d. Offer sour foods containing lemon.

The nurse identifies the diagnosis Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements for a patient experiencing nausea from chemotherapy. Which interventions should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a. Add nutmeg to foods. b. Provide oral care before meals. c. Provide large meals with hot foods. d. Offer sour foods containing lemon. e. Spray the room with disinfectant before meals.

c. Stool test for blood

The nurse is assessing a 58-year-old patient. For what yearly screening test for colorectal cancer should the nurse assess the patient? a. Colonoscopy b. Barium enema c. Stool test for blood d. Flexible sigmoidoscopy

d. Follow hospital policy for radioactive waste cleanup.

The nurse is assessing a patient and notes drainage on the sheets from the site of a radioactive colloid injection. What should the nurse do first? a. Change the patient's sheets. b. Assist the patient with skin care. c. Stay with the patient while calling for help. d. Follow hospital policy for radioactive waste cleanup.

b. HIV spreads by contact with infected blood.

The nurse is assisting in a teaching plan for the family of a patient with HIV. Which explanation about the transmission of HIV should the nurse include in this plan? a. HIV is spread by casual contact with others. b. HIV spreads by contact with infected blood. c. HIV can be spread by sharing eating utensils. d. HIV is commonly transmitted by tears or saliva

3. A patient with neutropenia who has a fever of 102.8°F 5. A patient with colon cancer reporting level 6 pain on a 0-to-10 scale 4. A patient with thrombocytopenia who received two units of platelets 2. A patient with multiple myeloma who just received a blood transfusion 1. A patient who underwent a mastectomy awaiting discharge teaching

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Place in order, from 1 to 5, the nurse should see the patients.

3. A patient with a white blood cell count of 2,000 cells/uL

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient should the nurse see first? 1. A patient with a calcium level of 9.2 mg/dL 2. A patient with a platelet level of 250,000/mm3 3. A patient with a white blood cell count of 2,000 cells/uL 4. A patient with a hemoglobin of 14.5g/dL

Night sweats, fever, shortness of breath

The nurse is caring for a patient in the symptomatic stage of HIV. Which clinical manifestations can the nurse expect to document?

1. Infection

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who is in the nadir period. For which complication is the nurse at risk? 1. Infection 2. Stomatitis 3. Alopecia 4. Diarrhea

d. Maintain baseline weight.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. Which outcome should receive priority? a. Remain socially active. b. Report high self-esteem. c. Remain free of infection. d. Maintain baseline weight.

d. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

The nurse is caring for a patient who has aids. For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient a. Tuberculosis b. Cytomegalovirus c. Candida albicans d. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

3. Administer promethazine (Phenergan) 1 hour before meals as ordered.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer and states she is too nauseated to eat. Which intervention should the nurse implement first? 1. Prepare to start the patient on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 2. Encourage the patient to brush her teeth before eating. 3. Administer promethazine (Phenergan) 1 hour before meals as ordered. 4. Bring the patient food she enjoys eating.

c. Candida albicans

The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. For which common opportunistic infection should the nurse observe when caring for this patient a. Toxoplasmosis b. Cryptococcosis c. Candida albicans d. Cryptosporidiosis

3. Lymphoma

The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer of the lymph tissue. What is the correct term for this cancer? 1. Melanoma 2. Sarcoma 3. Lymphoma 4. Carcinoma

a. A fresh apple brought in by a friend

The nurse is caring for a patient with leukopenia. Which item creates the greatest risk for this patient? a. A fresh apple brought in by a friend b. A can of soda from a vending machine c. A get-well card from a family member d. A paperback book purchased at the hospital gift shop

b. Edema and shortness of breath

The nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which assessment finding suggests that the patient is experiencing pericardial effusion? a. Bruising and tarry stools b. Edema and shortness of breath c. Nausea and decreased bowel sounds d. Peripheral numbness and tingling

3. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)

The nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who reports chest pain, dyspnea, facial redness, and swollen neck veins. Which oncological emergency does the nurse suspect this patient is experiencing? 1. Thrombocytopenia 2 Spinal cord compression 3. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) 4. Hypercalcemia

d. Zidovudine (AZT)

The nurse is caring for the newborn of a mother who is HIV positive. What treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant? a. Bacitracin b. Erythromycin c. Protease inhibitor d. Zidovudine (AZT)

a. 15,000/mm3

The nurse is checking the laboratory reports of a patient being treated with paclitaxel. Which platelet count might indicate spontaneous bleeding? a. 15,000/mm3 b. 60,000/mm3 c. 175,000/mm3 d. 300,000/mm3

3. age 51, spouse deceased, downsized from employment, history of back and leg pain

The nurse is concerned that a patient is at increased risk for developing cancer. What did the nurse assess to come to this conclusion? 1. age 45, premenopausal, not planning to use hormone replacement therapy 2. age 52, plays tennis twice a week, no alcohol intake, occasionally smokes a cigarette 3. age 51, spouse deceased, downsized from employment, history of back and leg pain 4. age 50, employed as a computer technician, uses the fitness center five times a week

4. Teach the patient to avoid crowds.

The nurse is concerned that a patient receiving chemotherapy for cancer is at increased risk for developing an infection. What should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? 1. Limit intake of protein and vitamin C. 2. Encourage socialization with small children. 3. Contact physician with a temperature elevation. 4. Teach the patient to avoid crowds.

d. Education about preventive behaviors

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. What should the nurse emphasize as being the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection? a. Premarital serological screening b. Prophylactic exposure treatment c. HIV screening for pregnant women d. Education about preventive behaviors

c. They are considered immortal. d. They result from mutations of cellular genes. e. They destroy the glue like substance found between normal cells.

The nurse is explaining cancer cells to a patient newly diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following should the nurse tell the patient are characteristic of cancer cells? (Select all that apply). a. They have division limits. b. They usually grow slowly. c. They are considered immortal. d. They result from mutations of cellular genes. e. They destroy the glue like substance found between normal cells. f. They take on the characteristics of the cells in the tissue to which they migrate.

b. 46 chromosomes c. A nuclear membrane

The nurse is explaining mitosis to a group of nursing students. What should the nurse explain as the characteristics of a cell that has undergone mitosis? (Select all that apply.) a. 23 chromosomes b. 46 chromosomes c. A nuclear membrane d. Two sets of amino acids e. A strengthened cell wall f. Fewer organelles than the parent cell

a. The growth rate is rapid. d. The cells may invade surrounding tissues. e. The cells can travel to distant organs and initiate new tumors.

The nurse is explaining the characteristics of a malignant tumor to a patient who is newly diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse include in this explanation? (Select all that apply.) a. The growth rate is rapid. b. Tissue damage is minimal. c. The cells resemble the tissue of origin. d. The cells may invade surrounding tissues. e. The cells can travel to distant organs and initiate new tumors.

1. "Antitumor antibiotics disrupt RNA replication and DNA transcription."

The nurse is explaining the different types of chemotherapy to a patient recently diagnosed with cancer. Which statement would be incorrect for the nurse to tell the patient? 1. "Antitumor antibiotics disrupt RNA replication and DNA transcription." 2. "The main hormones used in cancer therapy are the corticosteroids, which are phase specific." 3. "Mitotic inhibitors are drugs that act to prevent cell division during the M phase." 4. "Alkylating agents basically act on preformed nucleic acids by creating defects in tumor DNA."

a. Diarrhea

The nurse is monitoring a patient with aids. Which manifestation should the nurse expect observing this patient? a. Diarrhea b. Chest pain c. Hypertension d. Pustular skin lesions

d. Keeping the virus from replicating

The nurse is participating in the planning of care for a patient who has HIV. Which therapeutic action should the nurse recognize as the treatment goal for HIV? a. Stimulating the immune system b. Treating opportunistic infections c. Killing the virus with medication d. Keeping the virus from replicating

1. Encourage traditional customs of physical fitness and exercise. 3. Identify healing practices. that can be incorporated into tribal customs. 5. Discuss the importance of portion control and healthy food preparation.

The nurse is planning a teaching seminar for members of a Native American tribal community on ways that to prevent the development of cancer. What should the nurse include in this teaching? (Select all that apply.) 1. Encourage traditional customs of physical fitness and exercise. 2. Provide teaching materials in the participants native language 3. Identify healing practices. that can be incorporated into tribal customs. 4. Emphasize the use of same-sex-caregivers when seeking preventive care 5. Discuss the importance of portion control and healthy food preparation.

b. Help provide diversional activities that the patient enjoys.

The nurse is planning care for a patient with a radioactive implant. Which intervention should the nurse select to help prevent social isolation in this patient? a. Visit the patient frequently, but do not touch the patient. b. Help provide diversional activities that the patient enjoys. c. Have only one nurse provide care to increase consistency. d. Encourage family to stay with the patient, but have them wear masks and gloves at all times.

c. Ensure that staff members practice good hand washing.

The nurse is planning care for a patient with leukopenia caused by chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this patient's plan of care? a. Protect the patient from injury. b. Observe for bruising or bleeding. c. Ensure that staff members practice good hand washing. d. Assist the patient with activities of daily living (ADLs).

a. Skin b. Lung

The nurse is preparing a seminar on cancer incidence for a group of community members. Which types of cancer are common for both men and women? (Select all that apply.) a. Skin b. Lung c. Breast d. Kidney e. Prostate f. Colorectal

a. Wear gloves while preparing.

The nurse is preparing an oral chemotherapeutic medication for a patient's cancer treatment. What should the nurse do to ensure personal safety when preparing this medication? a. Wear gloves while preparing. b. Wash hands before administering. c. Apply a lead apron when providing. d. Crush the medication before providing.

4. body image concerns

The nurse is preparing to assess a patient who is newly diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse include in this assessment? 1. increased hunger 2. increased leukocytes 3. bone pain 4. body image concerns

a. Put on gloves before touching body fluids.

The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who is HIV positive. Which action should the nurse take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure? a. Put on gloves before touching body fluids. b. Recap intramuscular needles after injection. c. Wash own open skin lesion after providing care. d. Remove one finger on a glove during venipuncture.

4. an African American man

The nurse is preparing to provide care to a group of assigned patients. Which patient should the nurse realize is at the highest risk for developing cancer? 1. an Hispanic woman 2. a Native American woman 3. an Hispanic man 4. an African American man

a. Because they are fast growing

The nurse is preparing to teach a patient about the effects of chemotherapy on other body tissues. What should the nurse explain as the reason why hair, blood, skin, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells are more likely to be adversely affected by chemotherapy than other cells? a. Because they are fast growing b. Because they are exposed to air c. Because they are all porous tissues d. Because they are less able to excrete waste products

b. Viral load testing

The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV. Which test should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy? a. Western blot b. Viral load testing c. P24 antigen testing d. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

4. "I need to be sure and floss every day."

The nurse is providing teaching for a patient with thrombocytopenia. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? 1. "I should avoid taking my daily aspirin while my platelets are low." 2. "I should use an electric razor instead of a regular one." 3. "I will be careful when I blow my nose." 4. "I need to be sure and floss every day."

d. HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on transmission of HIV for a family of a patient diagnosed with HIV. Which explanation by the nurse would be correct? a. HIV can be spread by casual contact. b. HIV lives for long periods outside the body. c. HIV is most commonly transmitted via tears and saliva. d. HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.

b. 1 cm

The nurse is reviewing a patient's diagnostic test report. For which tumor diameter should the nurse evaluate the report to determine if cancer is present? a. 0.5 cm b. 1 cm c. 2 cm d. 5 cm

1. An 18-year-old with an albumin of 2.5 g/dL

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and becomes concerned about one patient being treated for cancer. Which patient does the nurse suspect is in need of nutritional support? 1. An 18-year-old with an albumin of 2.5 g/dL 2 A 60-year-old with a calcium level of 8 mg/dL 3 A 43-year-old with a platelet level of 180,000/mm3 4. A 56-year-old with a white cell count of 6,000/mm

a. CD4+ = 180/L

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient who has HIV. Which result would be strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of AIDS? a. CD4+ = 180/L b. CD4+ percentage = 68% c. CD8+ = 650/L d. CD4+/CD8+ ratio = 1.5

b. Protein

The nurse is reviewing the function of DNA and RNA with a group of students. Which structure should the nurse explain as providing the genetic code for a gene? a. Cell b. Protein c. Piece of DNA d. Piece of RNA

a. The cell becomes malignant. c. DNA mistakes have been made. e. Proteins are no longer synthesized.

The nurse is reviewing the process of cellular mutation with a patient newly diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse explain about cellular mutation? (Select all that apply.) a. The cell becomes malignant. b. The cell can no longer divide. c. DNA mistakes have been made. d. The cell membrane is punctured. e. Proteins are no longer synthesized. f. There has been a genetic change in the cell.

2. positive biopsy results 5. high levels of tumor markers

The nurse is reviewing the results of diagnostic testing on a patient suspected of having cancer. Which diagnostic findings should the nurse identify as being consistent with the presence of a malignancy? (Select all that apply) 1. increased hemoglobin and hematocrit 2. positive biopsy results 3. low levels of tumor markers 4. decreased white blood cell count 5. high levels of tumor markers

d. Withdraw from partner while the penis is erect.

The nurse is reviewing the use of a condom to prevent the transmission of HIV with a young adult patient seeking testing for HIV. Which patient statement indicates an understanding of how to use a condom? a. Use a non-latex condom. b. Apply adequate oil-based lubricant. c. Apply condom before penile erection occurs. d. Withdraw from partner while the penis is erect.

d. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated? a. Tuberculosis b. Cytomegalovirus retinitis c. Mycobacterium avium complex d. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

b. Observe urine color.

The nurse provides teaching on nevirapine (Viramune) for a patient who is HIV positive. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective? a. Monitor for rash. b. Observe urine color. c. Report extremity pain. d. Monitor for flulike symptoms.

2. Teaching the patient to avoid small children. 3. Teaching the patient to apply lotion daily to clean skin to prevent drying. 4. Encouraging the patient to consume a diet high in protein and vitamin C.

The nurse realizes that a patient receiving chemotherapy for cancer is at risk for developing an infection. What actions should the nurse take when caring for this patient? (Select all that apply) 1. Monitoring red blood cell counts monthly. 2. Teaching the patient to avoid small children. 3. Teaching the patient to apply lotion daily to clean skin to prevent drying. 4. Encouraging the patient to consume a diet high in protein and vitamin C. 5. Teaching the patient to report an oral temperature above 98° F.

2. high fever, peripheral edema, hypotension

The nurse suspects that a patient being treated for cancer is developing septic shock. What did the nurse assess to come to this conclusion? 1. cardiac dysrhythmia, increased urine output, and confusion 2. high fever, peripheral edema, hypotension 3. hypertension, increased urine output, and confusion 4. subnormal temperature, cardiac dysrhythmia, and thirst

c. Discontinue the infusion and notify the RN.

When inspecting the IV site of a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy agent, the licensed practical nurse (LPN) notes a small area of swelling. What should the LPN do first? a. Check the site every hour. b. Document the finding in the chart. c. Discontinue the infusion and notify the RN. d. No action is needed; this is an expected finding

· severe headache or stiff neck · diarrhea lasting longer than 48 hours · white patches on tongue · new fever higher than 100 · shortness of breath or new cough

While preparing a client with HIV for discharge from the hospital, the nurse reviews signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections that should be reported to the physician immediately. What should be included in the testing?