Quiz 7

As you read a book, which is the first stage of memory into which the information that you reading is processed? A. iconic memory B. semantic memory C. short-term D. working memory

A. iconic memory

Bits of information that are encoded into memory are known as ______. A. memory traces B. memory cues C. memory probes D. attentional foci

A. memory traces

Which of the following is the most controversial theory of forgetting? A. repression B. retroactive interference C. proactive interference D. the encoding specificity principle

A. repression

Which of the following types of memory has the shortest duration? A. sensory memory B. long-term memory C. working memory D. short-term memory

A. sensory memory

Research on concussions in high school athletes suggests that ______. A. when playing comparable sports, girls have a higher rate of concussions than boys B. when playing comparable sports, boys and girls have a higher rate of concussions than girls C. when playing comparable sports, boys and girls have an equal rate of concussions D. surprisingly, high school cheer leading has the second highest rate of concussions

A. when playing comparable sports, girls have a higher rate of concussions than boys

Brushing your teeth, combing your hair, and tying your shoes are all most likely to involve use of which type of memory? A. autobiographical B. implicit C. explicit D. semantic

B. implicit

Compared to procedural memory, declarative memory is often ______. A. more implicit B. more explicit C. less verbal D. less likely to be processed in working memory

B. more explicit

The working memory model is to ______ as the three-stages model is to ______. A. serial processing; parallel processing B. parallel processing; serial processing C. serial processing; explicit memory D. parallel processing; explicit memory

B. parallel processing; serial processing

At most, the average person should be able to hold ______ single-digit numbers in their short-term memory. A. 13 B. 5 C. 7 D. 3

C. 7

Which of the following would be the best example of maintenance rehearsal? A. thinking about how the material you are studying relates to chapters that you've previously studied B. developing mnemonics to help you remember the material C. Reading your notes over and over as you study for an exam D. thinking about how the material relates to your own life

C. Reading your notes over and over as you study for an exam

Decay theory states that forgetting is due to a lack of ______, whereas interference theory states that forgetting is due to a lack of_______. A. accessibility; availability B. encoding; availability C. availability; accessibility D. encoding; accessibility

C. availability; accessibility

The available research evidence suggests that the ______ may play a role in the processing of both declarative and procedural memories. A. cerebellum B. striatum C. hippocampus D. both b and c

C. hippocampus

According to the working memory model, which of the following is not a component of working memory? A. short-term memory B. the phonological loop C. iconic memory D. the central executive

C. iconic memory

Your knowledge of animals is most likely stored in ______. A. short-term memory as semantic memory traces B. short-term memory as acoustic memory traces C. long-term memory as semantic memory traces D. long-term memory as acoustic memory traces

C. long-term memory as semantic memory traces

As you read the words on this page, which component of working memory is likely controlling the manner in which you process this information? A. short-term memory B. the visuospatial sketch pad C. the central executive D. the phonological loop

C. the central executive

Your knowledge of psychology is an example of ______ memory. A. long-term B. declarative C. semantic D. all of the choices

D. all of the choices

In ______, the memory probes and cues are strong and contain more information. A. long-term memory B. short-term memory C. recall D. recognition

D. recognition

memory that utilizes knowledge and expectations to fill in the missing details in retrieved memory traces

constructive memory

a theory of forgetting that proposes that memory traces that are routinely activated in long-term memory will degrade

decay theory

the distortion of memory that occurs when people are exposed to misinformation

misinformation effect

the tendency for people to recall words from the beginning of a list better than words that appeared in the middle of the list

primary effect

a type of forgetting that occurs when older memory traces inhibit the retrieval of newer memory traces

proactive interference

the tendency for people to recall words from the end of a list better than words that appeared in the middle of the list

recency effect

memory that is based on the retrieval of memory traces that contain the actual details of events we have experienced

reconstructive memory

knowing that you know a piece of information, even though you cannot recall it at the moment

tip of tongue phenomenon

a multifaceted component of long-term memory that contains short-term memory, a central executive, a phonological loop, and a visuospatial sketch pad; the function of working memory is to access, move, and process information that we are currently usig

working memory