QUIZ 7: Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Disorders

The most common cause of death immediately following a myocardial infarction is: A. cardiac arrhythmias and fibrillation. B. ruptured ventricle or aorta. C. congestive heart failure. D. cerebrovascular accident.

A. cardiac arrhythmias and fibrillation.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is marked by: A. hemoptysis and rales. B. distended neck veins and flushed face. C. bradycardia and weak pulse. D. cardiomegaly.

A. hemoptysis and rales.

Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the: A. kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye. B. peripheral arteries in the legs. C. aorta and coronary arteries. D. liver, spleen, and stomach.

A. kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL): A. promote atheroma development. B. contain only small amounts of cholesterol. C. transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion. D. are associated with low intake of saturated fats.

A. promote atheroma development.

In patients with congestive heart failure, ACE inhibitor drugs are useful because they: A. reduce renin and aldosterone secretion. B. slow the heart rate. C. strengthen myocardial contraction. D. block arrhythmias.

A. reduce renin and aldosterone secretion.

An atheroma develops from: A. a torn arterial wall and blood clots. B. accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occurred. C. thrombus forming on damaged walls of veins. D. repeated vasospasms.

B. accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occurred.

More extensive permanent damage is likely when a myocardial infarction is caused by: A. a hemorrhage. B. an embolus. C. a thrombus. D. an arrhythmia.

B. an embolus.

Significant signs of right-sided congestive heart failure include: A. severe chest pain and tachycardia. B. edematous feet and legs with hepatomegaly. C. frequent cough with blood-streaked frothy sputum. D. orthopnea, fatigue, increased blood pressure.

B. edematous feet and legs with hepatomegaly.

In an infant, the initial indication of congestive heart failure is often: A. distended neck veins. B. feeding problems. C. low-grade fever and lethargy. D. frequent vomiting.

B. feeding problems.

Which of the following confirms the presence of a myocardial infarction? A. A full description of the pain, including the sequence of development B. The presence of elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides C. Serum isoenzymes released from necrotic cells and an ECG D. Leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein

C. Serum isoenzymes released from necrotic cells and an ECG

The term arteriosclerosis specifically refers to: A. development of atheromas in large arteries. B. intermittent vasospasm in coronary arteries. C. degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries. D. ischemia and necrosis in the brain, kidneys, and heart.

C. degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries.

The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is: A. early diagnosis and repair. B. thrombus formation and pulmonary embolus. C. rupture and hemorrhage. D. pressure on adjacent organs or structures.

C. rupture and hemorrhage.

The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as: A. cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body. B. temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery. C. total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis. D. irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.

C. total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis.

The right side of the heart would fail first in the case of: 1. severe mitral valve stenosis. 2. uncontrolled essential hypertension. 3. large infarction in the right ventricle. 4. advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 1, 4 D. 3, 4

D. 3, 4

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true? A. Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis. B. Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time. C. Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI. D. Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.

D. Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.

Which of the following is most likely to cause left-sided congestive heart failure? A. Incompetent tricuspid heart valve B. Chronic pulmonary disease C. Infarction in the right atrium D. Uncontrolled essential hypertension

D. Uncontrolled essential hypertension

A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as: A. a dilation or bulge that develops at one point on the aortic wall. B. a thrombus that accumulates at a point in the aortic wall. C. a section of the aorta that weakens and dilates in all directions. D. a tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic wall.

D. a tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic wall.

The cause of essential hypertension is considered to be: A. chronic renal disease. B. excessive intake of saturated fats and salt. C. sedentary lifestyle. D. idiopathic.

D. idiopathic.

The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is: A. development of lipid plaques in large arteries. B. recurrent inflammation and fibrosis in peripheral arteries. C. degeneration and loss of elasticity in arteries. D. increased systemic vasoconstriction.

D. increased systemic vasoconstriction.

Which of the following compensations that develop in patients with congestive heart failure eventually increase the workload of the heart? A. Faster heart rate and cardiomegaly B. Peripheral vasoconstriction C. Increased secretion of renin D. A and C E. A, B, and C

E. A, B, and C