Quiz 8 - Immunity & Infectious diseases

A 6-year-old male presents with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability. A blood smear shows the presence of sickled cells. Erythropoiesis is compromised in this child; which crisis should the nurse monitor the patient for? a. Aplastic crisis b. Sequestration crisis c. Sequestration crisis d. Vaso-occlusive crisis

a

A public health nurse is teaching the community about health promotion. Which information should the nurse include for innate immunity? Innate immunity is gained: a. at birth. b. in adulthood. c. following an illness. d. via injection of specific antibodies.

a

After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections: a. are commonly opportunistic. b. are easily treated with penicillin. c. are extremely rare. d. never occur with other infections.

a

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses: a. replicate their genetic material inside host cells. b. contain no DNA or RNA. c. are easily killed by antimicrobials. d. are capable of independent reproduction.

a

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of: a. autoimmunity b. homoimmunity c. alloimmunity d. alleimmunity

a

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus? a. CD4+ T-helper b. CDC10 cells c. CDC cells d. CD8 T-helper

a The major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells. d. The change occurs in CD4 cells, not CD8. c. CDC is not a type of cell. b. CDC10 cells are not a type of cell.

The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of inflammation. The nurse would expect to find which of the following signs and symptoms consistent with acute inflammation? (select all that apply) a. Erythemia b. Heat c. Loss of function d. Paleness e. Pain f. Swelling

a, b, c, e, f

Which of the following are a result of a failure of the body's defense mechanisms and is usually caused by gram negative bacteria? a. bacteremia b. viremia c. septicemia d. Erythremia

a, c

Direct effects of antibodies include: (select all that apply) a. Agglutination b. Cenulation c. Neutralization d. Precipitation

a, c, d

When teaching about the stress-age syndrome, what information should the nurse include? (select all that apply) a. Decreased thyroxine b. Decreased cortisol secretion c. Increased catecholamine secretion d. Immunodepression

a, c, d

When a patient asks about secondary lymph organs, how should the nurse respond? Secondary lymph organs include: (select all that apply) a. adenoids b. liver c. Peyer's Patch d. bone marrow e. Spleen f. appendix

a. Adenoids c. Peyer patches e. Spleen f. Appendix

Match the vocabulary words to the correct definitions a. The ability of a pathogen to invade and multiply in the host b. The capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease c. The ability of an agent to produce disease. d. The ability to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins

a. Infectivity b. Virulence c. Pathogenicity d. Toxigenicity

A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the following pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (select all that apply) a. Swelling in the tissues b. Decreased erythrocyte life span c. Disturbances of the iron cycle d. Increased basal metabolic rate

b, c

A nurse is planning care for a child with iron deficiency anemia. Characteristics of iron deficiency anemia include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. A symptom is black, tarry stools b. It may be related to socioeconomic factors. c. It is related to gender and race. d. It is most common between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.

b, d

A nurse remembers that the primary actions of the complement cascade include: (select all that apply) a. increased clotting b. cell killing c. increased vascular permeability d. vasoconstriction e. opsonization f. chemotaxis

c. increased vascular permeability f. chemotaxis e. opsonization b. cell killing The actions of the complement cascade include increased vascular permeability and vasodilation, chemotaxis, opsonization, and cell killing. It does not involve vasoconstriction or increased clotting.

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of: a. IgD b. IgM c. IgA d. IgE

d

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection, and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness? a. Hemolysis b. Endotoxin c. Septicemia d. Exotoxin

d

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following types of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart? a. Sideroblastic b. Iron deficiency c. Hemolytic d. Pernicious

d

Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial contractility? a. Prolactin b. Oxcytocin c. Somatotropin d. Epinephrine

d

Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who: a. has T cells that become B cells. b. receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor. c. receives immunoglobulin. d. has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization.

d

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: a. increased maternal IgG b. immune insufficiency c. decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity. d. hypergammaglobinulemia

b

A female student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her heart begins beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared. Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing? a. Resistance b. Alarm stage c. Exhaustion d. Adaptation

b

A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised? a. Specific Immunity b. Adaptive Immunity c. Innate immunity d. Inflammatory Response

c

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? a. Anaphalaxis b. Allergic c. Alloimmune d. Autoimmune

c

A nurse is preparing to teach on the subject of opsonins. Which information should the nurse include? Opsonins are molecules that: a. regulate inflammation. b. degranulate mast cells. c. are composed of fatty acids. d. enhance phagocytosis.

d - Opsonins coat the surface of bacteria and increase their susceptibility to being phagocytized. a. Opsonins coat the surface of bacteria and increase their susceptibility to being phagocytized. They do not regulate inflammation; mast cells do. b. Opsonins coat the surface of bacteria and increase their susceptibility to being phagocytized; they do not react with mast cells. c. Opsonins are not composed of fatty acids; they are antibodies.