Quiz & Exam Q's

Which best explains the difficulty scientists encountered in both the Kennewick Man and HGDP situations:

Scientists failed to account for non-scientists' understandings of race.

A co-productionist view of the Human Genome Diversity Project would emphasize:

That the definition of a "race" is based on both biological and social information

Which of these is an example of positive eugenics?

"Fitter families" contests at state fairs that rewarded people for making "eugenic" marriages and having many children

The EPA officials involved in the Love Canal controversy thought that Lois Gibbs' Swale Theory was:

"Housewife" science and could not be trusted

Environmental racism occurs when toxic sites are located in areas with:

A larger proportion of minority residents compared with than other nearby areas

What type of approach to regulating the risk recombinant DNA technology was preferred by the members of the Cambridge City Council?

A precautionary approach, where the research would not proceed until there was good evidence of its safety

Researchers showed Queen Elizabeth II a model of myoglobin rather than the DNA double helix at the inauguration of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1962 because:

DNA structure was only one of many discoveries at the LMB that were considered important at the time

Which of the following would be an example of an activist/community led science project?

A sushi enthusiast believes that his local grocery store is ripping him off by selling cheaper fish labelled as salmon, and buys a PCR machine to test the DNA of the fish himself

Which of the following is NOT a potential downside to citizen science?

Accelerate the pace of scientific research

The Nobel Prize is controversial because it:

Reinforces the "great person" story of science by limiting the number of people who can win to three

Scientist-citizen partnerships and activist/community led science can be distinguished by the degree of citizen participation in:

All of these (Interpreting/analyzing the data, Generating the research question, Collecting the data)

One of the consequences of Association for Molecular Pathology vs. Myriad Genetics (2013) Supreme Court decision was that it:

Allowed other companies to begin offering BRCA testing because the decision invalidated Myriad's patent on the gene itself

The Asilomar Conference was:

An event where scientists gathered together to agree on rules for conducting recombinant DNA experiments

The International Summit on Human Genome Editing differs from the Asilomar conference because:

Bioethicists and other experts were invited, not just scientists

Which one of the following is NOT one of the ways that governments contribute to environmental racism, according to Bullard?

By conducting scientific studies to see whether minority neighborhoods are experiencing an unfair burden of pollution compared to white neighborhoods

Author disclosure forms at scientific journals support Merton's norm of _________ by asking medical researchers to disclose whether they own stock in any drug companies. Universalism

Disinterestedness

The purpose of Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" speech was to:

Encourage the sharing of atomic science with other countries to promote world peace

GM Nation?, where the UK government held discussion forums across the country that led to new guidelines for labeling GM foods, is an example of a public _______________ exercise.

Engagement

Following their public hearings on recombinant DNA research, the Cambridge City Council decided to:

Form a Biosafety Committee composed of scientists and members of the public to review and license proposed research

What was Harley Kilgore's vision for federal science funding post WWII?

Geographically distributed funds with priorities set by citizens

"Atoms for peace" was a(n):

Government program to promote democracy internationally by giving nuclear technology to other countries

Which of the following describes 21st century biological ideas of the self?

Ideas about screening, risk, and prevention have brought many more people who aren't experiencing illness into the sick role.

When Troy Duster argued that we might be opening a "back door" to a new eugenics at the beginning of the Human Genome Project, he meant that:

Individual couples' reproductive choices could add up to the same widespread discrimination seen in early eugenics policies

Previvors can best be described as:

Individuals who have not actually had cancer, but have taken steps to prevent disease that impacted their identities

Which of the following scenarios best describes current scientific theory on the interaction of nature and nurture?

Individuals with a particular gene variant can develop perfect pitch, but only if they receive training at a crucial stage in their early childhood development

The "model organisms" approach to biomedical research became popular because:

It allowed scientists to produce knowledge that would apply to other organisms, and combine their efforts with other researchers who were using the same model

The Human Genome Project could be considered an example of "big science" because:

It involved many researchers, multiple institutions and funders, and lots of money

World War II was originally called "The Physicists' War" because:

Of the importance placed on physics education by the military

Which of the following best describes how the sick role impacts social obligations?

People occupying the sick role are relieved of some social obligations, but gain others such as the duty to care for themselves.

What led to the creation of the 1966 Animal Welfare Act?

Public concern over the use of dogs and cats in research

Which of the following is best described as a "custodial" pregnancy, in Thompson's terms?

Rachel will gestate an embryo made from her sister-in-law Kay's eggs and Kay's husband's sperm, and Kay is the intended mother

Who took photo 51 and why is this detail significant?

Raymond Gosling. This detail is significant because we often forget all the "actors" in scientific stories

The reason that the Atomic Energy Commission repurposed the X-10 reactor to distribute radioisotopes was that they wanted to:

Rebrand the image of atomic science to focus on peace and not war

What would happen to you if you were a fly researcher who refused to share mutants after you got some flies from Thomas Hunt Morgan's lab?

Researchers might gossip about how uncooperative you are

According to the uncertainty trough, who would have the LEAST doubt about the efficacy of a new coronavirus vaccine?

STEM students who were not involved in the research, but have some knowledge of the immune system

Vannevar Bush would be most likely to support a federal funding system that:

Supports basic research, even if it doesn't produce something useful

Nobel Prize winner Kary Mullis's version of the story of PCR emphasized:

That no one in his company initially thought the idea would work, except his technician

The 1950 UNESCO declaration on race argued that:

The idea of "race" was mostly a social myth and not a biological phenomenon

Which of the following is NOT an objection raised to the Human Genome Project when the project was first proposed?

The technology involved in doing the sequencing produced low levels of radiation, which would be harmful to the health of the scientists involved

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a biosocial group:

UW-Madison Class of 2022

"Presentist" stories still have some issues telling the history of science because they:

Use present day ideas to understand the past

In his article "How Science has Shifted our Sense of Identify", Nathaniel Comfort's main argument is:

While science has frequently expanded ideas about the self and identity, scientism has constrained them.