Quiz: Chapter 2

alcohol dependence

research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to____.

left cerebral hemisphere

research with split-brain patients suggests that the ____ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors

endorphins

natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control

mutations

what is a major source of genetic diversity?

oxytocin

which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing?

a PET scan

which of the following would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?

frontal lobes

which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgements?

cerebellum

after suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her____.

severed spinal cord

although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a:

away from; toward

an axon transmits messages ____ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ____ the cell body.

plasticity

brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates:

deoxyribonucleic acid

chromosomes are composed of:

synaptic gaps

drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the_______.

genetic predispositions

evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to:

irritability

following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by:

an epigenetic

if chronic child abuse alters a victim's gene expression in such a fashion as to facilitate depression and suicide, this would be said to illustrate:

nature-nurture interactions

in emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of____.

compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are:

more similar in their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and more similar in risk of being emotionally unstable

behavior geneticists

studies of the relative impact of nature and nurture on human differences in aggressiveness best illustrate the research efforts of:

hypothalamus

the limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the____.

sensory and motor neurons

the peripheral nervous system consists of:

natural selection

the prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of____.

association areas

the regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as:

ACh

the release of ____ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions

raises; raises

the release of epinephrine and nonrepinephrine ____ blood pressure and ____ blood sugar levels.

interneurons

the vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are_____.

occipital lobes

the visual cortex is located in the:

synaptic gap

to excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the:

EEG

to monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n):

fraternal twins who were raised apart

two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are: