Quiz Metabolism (and Hormones)

The nurse is caring for a client who has hyperthyroidism. When evaluating the laboratory test results, which alteration does the nurse anticipate will be present?

Decrease in TSH

What is a clinical manifestation in infants/children with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Delayed satiety and sleeping after feeding *idk if right

The nurse screening for diabetes mellitus at a health fair obtains these results. Which client should be referred to a primary health care provider for further evaluation?

Random blood glucose 195 mg/dL (10.82 mmol/L)

A nurse providing dietary guidance to a client with celiac disease tells the client that which food should be avoided?

Wheat bread

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?

"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."

For which condition is diabetes mellitus a risk factor? Select all that apply.

- Coronary artery disease - Cerebrovascular accident - Chronic kidney disease

Which events are involved in the negative feedback mechanism that keeps the serum thyroid hormone level within appropriate range? Select all that apply.

- Decrease in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - Increased levels of thyroid hormone - Stimulation of sensors in the hypothalamus - Stimulation of sensors in the anterior pituitary gland

The nurse is assessing a client who has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse recognizes which sign/symptom may be associated with GERD? Select all that apply.

- Epigastric pain -Wheezing - Retrosternal pain - Hoarseness

The nurse knows that a client with diabetes admitted for a lower limb infection likely is experiencing which pathophysiologic principle listed below? Select all that apply.

- Many clients with diabetes have sensory deficits and ignore minor trauma just because they can't feel it in their feet. - Clients with chronic diabetes may have vascular problems that impair circulation and therefore cells needed for adequate inflammatory response can't reach the site. - Hyperglycemia may provide an environment that enhances the growth of microorganisms.

Select the most common symptoms of diabetes. Select all that apply.

- Polydipsia - Polyphagia - Polyuria

Which manifestation indicates a client is at risk for developing diabetes mellitus?

2 hour oral GTT 175 mg/dL (9.7 mmol/L)

The nurse is reviewing assessment data and determines which client is at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes?

A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle

A nurse is evaluating clients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which client has the highest risk for developing this metabolic disorder?

A middle aged obese adult with a sedentary lifestyle

Hypoglycemia has a sudden onset with a progression of symptoms. What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Altered cerebral function and muscle spasms

The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby in for assessment to a pediatrician because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to know what caused the disease. What aspect of the etiology of celiac disease would underlie the explanation that the physician provides?

An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of antibodies and an inflammatory response.

The pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. Which cells secrete insulin?

Beta cells

The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. The nurse teaches the student that epinephrine will cause which effect on blood glucose levels?

Blood glucose will elevate.

When caring for the client with diabetic ketoacidosis, the nurse recognizes that fatty acids and ketones may be used for energy by most organs. Which organ does the nurse recognize is reliant on glucose as the major energy source?

Brain

The nurse is caring for a group of clients with diabetes. Which method will the nurse mostfrequently use to determine the client's insulin levels?

Capillary blood glucose reading

Crohn disease is recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. The nurse recognizes these lesions to be defined by which description?

Cobblestone

The endocrine system is closely linked with the nervous system. What neurotransmitter can also act as a hormone?

Epinephrine

When caring for a client with anemia and a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), the nurse recognizes which of these hormones will stimulate the bone marrow to produce additional RBCs?

Erythropoietin

A health care provider has completed an assessment on a client diagnosed with cirrhosis. The client asks, "What, if any, serious complications are associated with cirrhosis?" Which response is the most accurate for the provider to relay to the client?

Esophageal varices

A client has just been diagnosed with cirrhosis and has been told he needs a transplant. What changes have occurred in the liver due to cirrhosis that results in an inability to heal and require transplant?

Fibrosis has occurred and there are constrictive bands that disrupt biliary flow.

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Crohn disease about potential complications. The most appropriate information for the nurse to include would be:

Fistula formation

While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best?

Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

A 40-year-old man who is morbidly obese and leads a sedentary lifestyle has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which aspects of the man's obesity likely contributed to his new health problem?

Free fatty acids contribute to problems such as beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.

The body converts dietary carbohydrates into which substance?

Glucose

Which statement best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose metabolism?

Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.

Which statement best explains the function of hormone receptors?

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response.

A man is brought into the emergency department by paramedics who state that the client passed out on the street. The man smells of alcohol, and when roused says he has not eaten since yesterday. He is wearing a medic alert bracelet that says he is a diabetic. What would the nurse suspect as a diagnosis?

Hypoglycemia

The hypophysis is a unit formed by the pituitary and the hypothalamus. These two glands are connected by the blood flow in what system?

Hypophyseal portal system

A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment?

Hypothalamus

When caring for the client with Laennec cirrhosis, the nurse recognizes which pathophysiologic finding to be an expected etiology of jaundice?

Impaired uptake of bilirubin

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle?

Insulin is not available for use by the body.

Crohn disease not only affects adults but also can occur in children. The nurse assesses for which major manifestation in children with Crohn disease?

Malnutrition

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body?

Negative feedback loop

Which hormone will elicit a more rapid response than the others?

Norepinephrine

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?

Pituitary

What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus?

Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

The nurse is performing physical assessment of the gastrointestinal tract. In which area does the nurse place the hands for palpation of the liver?

Right upper quadrant

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function.

Stimulation tests

A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time by her primary care provider. The woman states, "I don't see why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care provider's response to the client?

The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of the cell.

A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

Which statement best captures the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as it relates to endocrine function?

The hypothalamus receives input from numerous sources throughout the body and directs the pituitary to then control many target glands and cells.

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate?

The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate.

When caring for a client with primary biliary cirrhosis, which of these statements by the nurse will best teach the client about the cause of this problem?

There is autoimmune destruction of the bile ducts.

A client with hyperthyroidism is being treated with medication that blocks the activity of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Her care team has determined that she has been overproducing TSH. This client will have lost her ability to:

have negative feedback regulation.

A client is suspected to have developed primary biliary cirrhosis. While taking the client's history, the nurse will note that the earliest symptoms of this disorder include:

itching, fatigue, and dark urine.

A client has been diagnosed with alcohol-induced liver disease. He admits to the nurse, "I know what the lungs do, and I know what the heart does, but honestly, I have no idea what the liver does in the body." The nurse should tell the client that the liver:

metabolizes most components of food and also cleans the blood of bacteria and drugs.