Quiz Questions - Org Development
Maria needs to talk to her coworker, Wayne, about his offensive behavior at the group dinner. To discuss this effectively, which of the following should Maria AVOID? A. Accuse Wayne of improper actions B. Describe what happened C. Make is safe for Wayne to respond D. Focus on the mutual purpose E. Share the facts
A. Accuse Wayne of improper actions
Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership?
Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment.
________ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.
intrinsic motivation
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate measure of goal achievement?
lack of interpersonal conflict
The use of implicit cognitions
leads people to make biased decisions
________ is widely practiced by employees and in workplaces everywhere. Many companies are now even sponsoring this type of training for their employees.
mindfulness
________ are psysiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.
needs
The levels of organizational culture are
observable artifacts, espoused values and basic underlying assumptions
Frances quit her job because she felt that her department's reward system favored men. This would be diagnosed as a(n) level problem.
organizational
________ is the interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work.
organizational behavior
________ is the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.
organizational culture
The two basic types of goals are
performance and learning
_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
performance management
________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.
personality
Melissa has been out of work for eight months and is worried about providing for her family. She takes a job at a fast-food restaurant, even through the position is a step down from her previous job. According to Maslow's theory, Melissa is motivated by ________ needs.
physiological
A(n) theory attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation.
process
Accurately and appropriately monitoring and evaluating BOTH ________ and ________ are critical components of effective performance management.
progress, outcomes
Imelda's life is difficult right now. Her husband and she recently decided to divorce and she is now a single parent of two preteenagers. They are good kids, but it is difficult taking care of them and managing her full-time job as a middle manager. Imelda has started taking work home at night and finishing projects at night after her children are in bed. Imelda is likely exhibiting
resilience
What are the three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB?
restorative justice, compassion and temperance
Ever since Damien interned at an accounting firm the summer after his freshman year of college, he's wanted to become a CPA working at a large firm. Now, several years later after graduating from college, passing the CPA exam, and working at a medium-sized firm, he's been offered a job at a large national firm with the potential to become a partner in five years. Which of the five needs has Damien attained?
self-actualization
________ can be developed because it involves a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.
self-efficacy
Maria is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Maria has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Maria is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Maria's motivation for taking the class?
she is intrinsically motivated
Person factors and ________ are the two broad categories of OB concepts and theories.
situation factors
Part professional association, social club, and networking group, the Brighton Beach Drummers Association meets at a variety of musical venues in New York. Members share a love of music and drums, but also discuss common experiences at work. This is an example of
social capital
Janell is having an argument with her father. He believes that focusing on her computer knowledge (hard skills) is the most important of Janell's college experience. Janell disagrees, arguing that ________ is/are the more critical and will help her in the hiring process.
soft skills
Individual issues such as "What's my role here?" and group issues such as "Why are we fighting over who is in charge and who does what?" are part of which stage of group development?
storming
Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against ________ goals.
task
Marion is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group? We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ________ function.
task
An enacted value is
the qualities and norms that are exhibited or converted into employee behavior
In order to go on spring break in March, Michelle must have $2,000 in her savings account by February 1 at 5:00 p.m. in order to purchase the plane ticket. Which type of SMART goal is this?
time-bound
________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.
transactional leadership
Hope consists of
willpower and waypower
Ellen and George work for the same company. Ellen, a mother of three young children, really appreciates the on-site child-care opportunities, which George, takes advantage of flexspace since he has over an hour commute. These policies are examples of
work-life balance
Which of the following is NOT a layer of diversity?
Attributional
Which of the following is NOT an example of a crucial conversation? A. A negative performance review B. Ending a relationship C. Conveying routine feedback D. Confronting a teammate who is frequently late to meetings E. Critiquing a colleague's report
C. Conveying routine feedback
The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are
Categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance
Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing
Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency
Mario is setting up an after-school program for inner-city youth. The population is a mix of white, African American and Latinos, with Latinos comprising the majority of participants. Which of the following would help the group overcome stereotypes?
Create project opportunities using a mix of populations with equal status.
________ is the first step on the three-step journey (or approach) of the Organizing Framework.
Defining the problem
You cannot lead without having ________ and you cannot follow without having ________.
Followers; leaders
Frank is the manager for a grocery store. He supervises 18 workers who perform service and clerical work that requires minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Frank is following the servant-leadership model of leadership?
Frank refrains from engaging in self-serving behaviors that hurt others and focuses on increased service to others rather than to himself.
________ is the key professional networking tool for job search and is used by as many as 77 percent of recruiters.
________ is the process of forming and maintaining intensive and lasting developmental relationships between a variety of developers and a junior person.
Mentoring
Sophia is on a four-person team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Sophia leads earned an A, while the team receives Cs on the other three reports. Sophia believes that her project was successful because of her leadership abilities, while the other projects were not as good because of the inadequate skills of the other team members. She demonstrates ________ in her beliefs.
Negativity bias
________ is a give-and-take decision-making process involving two or more parties with different preferences. For example, labor-management negotiations over wages, hours, and working conditions.
Negotiation
The functions of organizational culture are
Organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability, and sense-making
Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the
Situation
Tanya is the night supervisor for a data processing company. She supervises 26 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Tanya is following the transformational model of leadership?
Tanya seeks to motivate employees to pursue organizational goals above their own self-interests.
Fiedler's contingency model identifies which leadership styles?
Task-motivated or relationship-motivated
Of the following options, which is the BEST action to address any type of diversity issue? a. Mutual adaptation b. Exclusion c. Denial d. Isolation e. Assimilation
a. mutual adaptation
Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors ________; attitudes relate to behavior ________.
across all situations, toward specific targets
The components of attitudes include
affective, cognitive and behavioral
ABC Airlines hires flight attendants from diverse backgrounds and puts them through an extensive training and orientation program before they are approved to fly. In addition to learning about responding to medical issues and FAA guidelines, they also must learn the company's many rules and processes as contained in an extensive procedures and policies manual. ABC Airlines is adopting a(n) ________ option for managing diversity.
assimilate
The ________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders.
behavioral styles
A(n) ________ culture encourages collaboration, trust, and mutual support among employees.
clan
The two general categories of motivation theories are
content and process
CEO's with high ________ positively influence their organization's drive to take risks, innovate, and seek new opportunities, especially in strong dynamic business environments.
core self-evaluations
__________ teams are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.
cross-functional
________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.
crucial conversations
Javier's supervisor asks him to create a PowerPoint presentation for the next staff meeting based on a series of note cards he provided. Javier is experiencing ________ because he is proficient at PowerPoint.
efficacy
________ is the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions.
emotional intelligence
In the ________ phase of organizational socialization, employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.
encounter
Gabe has a supervisor who supports his work and understands his needs. He is rewarded for meeting his sales goals, but his salary isn't fair compared to those with the same job description and experience level. He also feels he puts more work into following up with sales leads than his colleagues. Gabe is lacking in what model of job satisfaction?
equity
________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.
group roles and norms
A(n) ________ culture develops reliable internal processes, extensive measurement, and a variety of control mechanisms.
hierarchy
________ are the key links between ________ in Azjen's Theory of Planned Behavior.
intentions, attitudes, and planned behavior
Keyshawn is a player on a professional football team. Because of this, his plays every week are scrutinized by fans and media, as well as his own coaches. Sometimes, their comments are very negative and even personal. Keyshawn will handle this better if he has a high level of ________ intelligence.
intrapersonal
Communication competence is
An individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context
________ is an alternative dispute resolution technique in which disagreeing parties agree ahead of time to accept the decision of a neutral party in a formal courtlike setting, often complete with evidence and witnesses.
Arbitration
The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decides to register for the project, as he is a trained kickboxer. This action of Thomas reflects the ________ component of his attitude.
Behavioral
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Tuckman's five-stage model of group development? A. Tuckman's five-stage model of group development has limited practical application. B. The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration or intensity. C. The five stages of group development represent the punctuated equilibrium model. D. The five stages model establishes periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives. E. The five-stage model includes forming, storming, elaborating, evaluating and energizing.
C. The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration of intensity
Jim is head of the marketing department and must decide how to allocate a fixed amount of funds. There are two top projects that Jim believes hold the most promise. Recently, the majority of funds have been allocated to Project A, but Jim wonders if it is time to provide Project B with a larger share of the money. Jim decides to assign a particular individual, Clara, to thoroughly criticize the proposal for Project B, looking for every possible flaw. Which technique is Jim using to help him make a better decision?
Devil's Advocacy
________ occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reasons not associated with performance or related to the job.
Discrimination
The two basic types of negotiation are
Distributive and integrative
Deep-level characteristics of diversity
Include attitudes, opinions, and values
Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media?
It can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks
Dr. Watson, dean of students at ABC University, has been assigned the task of working with faculty and students when they have disputes about course grades. During these discussions, he attempts to help the parties arrange a solution but he has no formal authority to impose one. He is most likely a(n)
Ombudsman
Wendy is a large-scale project manager. She can break down a project into its component parts, create the project timelines, and ensure that milestones are met. Wendy is much more focused on end results than specific roles or the overall mission of the organization. This is an example of ________ leadership.
Task-oriented
Genevieve is a very religious person who does volunteer work for her church on weekends. When it came to selecting who would chair the United Fund drive for the department, her manager immediately thought of her and asked her to serve. The manager's action reflects the ________ model of job satisfaction.
Value attainment
Why are ethics considered so important when studying organizational behavior?
You will be confronted with ethical challenges at all levels of organizations and throughout your career.
Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because o their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) ________ effect.
amplifying
Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her coworkers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is expressing
an external locus of control
Tony believes that cell phone use--even in restaurants--helps people manage their busy lives. Tony's belief reflects the _____ component of his attitude.
cognitive
As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?
cognitive dissonance
________ is the act of sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome.
collaboration
________ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance.
conscientiousness
________ highlight the fact that choosing among available options is not always a choice between right and wrong.
ethical dilemmas
________ is NOT a content theory of motivation.
expectancy theory
________ are the three elements of expectancy theory.
expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
When Jackson exceeds his sales goal for the month, he will get a 20 percent bonus along with recognition in the monthly corporate newsletter. This is an example of which type of motivation?
extrinsic motivation
Organizations typically rely on ________ schedules, such as hourly wages and annual reviews and raises.
fixed interval and fixed ratio
A state of ________ exists when employees are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity or project.
flow
________ groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while ________ groups form when the members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.
formal, informal
People with an internal locus of control
have stronger expectations that effort leads to performance
People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display
hope, efficacy, resilience, optimism
Yuki was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, ________ are the extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction.
hygiene factors
Which three roles are especially important to groups?
initiator, orienter, energizer
In the Organizing Framework
inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes
When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict-handling style is appropriate.
intergrating
A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the ________ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is a principal by-product of Stage 3.
norming
Grace is going to be leading a meeting of her colleagues to discuss how they might redesign one of their work processes. She decides that she will use a PowerPoint presentation to lay out the problems with the existing workflow. She is in the ________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
plan your multimedia
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA--
positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement
The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting.
positivity
________ skills are increasingly needed in today's complex world in order to achieve superior performance where workers at all levels of the organization are called upon to think critically, take ownership of problems, and made real-time decisions.
problem-solving
Ethics is primarily concerned with
right and wrong
________ is your general belief about your own self-worth.
sefl-esteem
Clemson's head football coach Dabo Swinney used what type of overall leadership behavior to lead his team to win two national championships in three years?
task-oriented
At Regal Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ________ behaviors.
theory y
Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. The team is responsible for participating in a 10-week simulation of a firm in the airline industry. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ________ style of listening.
active
Bill wants to work for the Chocolate Factory. He applies for a job and at the same time tries to find out as much as he can about the company on the Internet. He also asks for his friend Charles, who already works there, about the work environment and employee benefits that the company offers. Which phase of organizational socialization is Bill currently in?
anticipatory
In your job search you have narrowed it down to two companies. One job offer is from a company that is offering great benefits in a town you'd like to live in, and the other job offer is from a company that is offering a salary one and a half times as much as the other company along with a sign-on bonus. You decide to take the second job offer based on the financial rewards. What type of reward system do you value?
extrinsic
________ is the richest form of communication.
face to face exchanges
Thinking about what your audience already knows about your subject is part of the ________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
frame your story
Common causes of workplace conflict include all the following EXCEPT ONE. A. Personality differences B. Unmet needs at work C. Perceived inequities of resources and policies D. Common methods for doing work E. Change
C. common methods of doing work
Which of the following situations is MOST likely to produce workplace conflict? A. Joe finishes his part of the project and then passes it to Marge for her part of the assignment. Each recognizes their role. B. The sales force at DNY Company follows clear and reasonable policies and rules. C. Claire and Michele are on a tight deadline. Their manager comes in and says that they have an extra week to complete the assignment. D. John, Paul, and Peter have each been given additional resources for their three projects. E. Maria cannot finish her report until Juan provides the financial spreadsheet. Juan prefers to submit his work at the last minute and isn't responding to Maria's text messages.
E. Maria cannot finish her report until Juan provides the financial spreadsheet. Juan prefers to submit his work at the last minute and isn't responding to Maria's text messages.
________ are relatively stable and can stem from our parents' beliefs, our experiences in childhood and throughout our life, and from our religious or spiritual beliefs.
Values
Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is
committed, collaborative, competent
Nathan is dependable, responsible, and achievement-oriented, while Martin is relaxed and unworried. Nathan is likely to score high on
conscientiousness
Laura is head of ABC Systems. She needs to allocate a fixed amount of funds to various projects. There are two top projects that Laura believes hold the most promise. She decides to arrange a structured debate for the two top proposals. Importantly, the assumptions of each proposal are identified, and a conflicting counterproposal is generated based on a different set of assumptions. Advocates of each position present and debate the merits of their proposal before Laura makes her decision. Which technique is Laura using to help her make a better decision.
dialectic method
Kara is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ________ perceptual error.
halo