Quiz Review 3

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column should present how many curves?

4

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, MSP of the patient is rotated _____ degrees.

45

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

45 degrees

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly.

How many vertebrae are there in the sacrum?

5

On each side of the sacral base is a large winglike mass called the:

Ala

Which of the following methods is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography?

Ferguson

Which positioning maneuver helps to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection?

Flexing the hips and knees

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?

Fourth cervical vertebra

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?

Fourth cervical vertebra

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral cervical spine?

Fourth cervical vertebra

The condition in which an intervertebral disk "slips" and protrudes into the vertebral canal is called:

Herniated nucleus pulposus.

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane?

30 to 60

Which projections of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine? 1. Lateral 2. Lateral in hyperflexion 3. Lateral in hyperextension

1, 2, and 3

When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed _____ inches above the iliac crests.

1.5

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib?

10

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:

15 degrees cephalad.

What is the central-ray angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Which of the following devices should be used to improve image quality on the lateral projection of the sacrum or coccyx? 1. Sandbags 2. Close collimation 3. Sheet of leaded rubber

2 and 3

What is the central-ray centering point for an AP oblique lumbar spine?

2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS and 2 inches above the iliac crest

Which of the following describes the central-ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection?

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches below the iliac crest

In reference to the ASIS, where is the central-ray entrance for a lateral coccyx?

3 inches (9 cm) posterior and 2 inches (5 cm) inferior

Where is the central ray positioned for a lateral coccyx?

3 inches posterior to ASIS and 2 inches inferior

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer's technique)?

C7-T1 interspace

Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the:

Intervertebral foramina.

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed:

Kyphosis

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the _____ fail to unite posteriorly.

Lamina

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

Lateral

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?

Level of T7

An abnormally increased concavity of the lumbar spine is termed:

Lordosis

All are functions of the vertebral column, except: supports the trunk. protects the spinal cord. supports the skull. produces cerebrospinal fluid.

Produces cerebrospinal fluid

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?

Second cervical vertebra

The vertebra prominens is the name given to the _____ vertebra.

Seventh cervical

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

Those farthest from the IR

Where is the center of the IR positioned for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?

Tip of the mastoid process

Where should the cathode end of an x-ray be placed for an AP thoracic spine to take advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube?

Toward the feet

If a lead rubber sheet is not placed on the table when performing a lateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:

Underexposed

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the _____ joints.

Zygapophyseal