quiz review

A group of students are reviewing information about the skeletal development in children. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify that ossification is complete by what age?

Adolescence Ossification and conversion of cartilage to bone continue throughout childhood and are complete at adolescence.

The nurse is completing a nursing history on a female client who has just found out she is 6 weeks' pregnant. She reports that over the last 2 months she has been drinking excessive amounts of alcohol every weekend and smokes a half-pack of cigarettes per day. What is the nurse concerned with given this information? Select all that apply. Spinal cord development in the fetus Brain development in the fetus Development of gastrointestinal organs in the fetus Reproductive organ development in the fetus

Brain development and spinal cord development

A 14-year-old girl is diagnosed as having scoliosis. When doing scoliosis screening with her, an important observation would be to note:

Her posterior spine when she bends forward. A lateral curvature of the spine (scoliosis) is best revealed when the child bends forward. Bending to the side would not provide an accurate assessment of the spine nor would assessing the iliac crest or the chest.

Preterm infants have more fragile capillaries in the periventricular area than term infants. This put these infants at risk for which problem?

Intracranial hemorrhaging Fragile capillaries in the periventricular area of the brain put preterm infants at risk for intracranial hemorrhage. Closure of the fontanels has nothing to do with fragile capillaries within the brain. Larger head size gives children a higher center of gravity which causes them to hit their head more readily. Congenital hydrocephalus may be caused by abnormal intrauterine development or infection

Which form of treatment covers the lower part of the body, usually from the waist down, and either one or both legs while leaving the feet open?

Spica cast

T or F aspirin is found in a variety of products and you must read the small print

True

Character of CSF in a patient with bacterial meningitis

increased leukocytes, cloudy appearance, decreased sugar

How do you protect the myelomeningocele in an infant with paralysis in the lower extremeties

position child in prone use a folded diaper between the legs to reduce pressure and friction place child on special mattress Place synthetic sheepskin under the infants chest

Dexamethasone is often prescribed for the child who has sustained a severe head injury. Dexamethasone is a(n):

steroid. A steroid may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and pressure on vital centers.

Which of these age groups has the highest actual rate of death from drowning?

toddlers

A 12-year-old child has been prescribed phenytoin. What information should be included in discussion about this medication?

use a soft toothbruxh

The nurse is taking the history of a 4-year-old boy. His mother mentions that he seems weaker and unable to keep up with his 6-year-old sister on the playground. Which question should the nurse ask to elicit the most helpful information?

"Would you please describe the weakness you are seeing in your son?" The nurse needs to obtain a clear description of weakness. This open-ended question would most likely elicit specific examples of weakness and shed light on whether the boy is simply fatigued. The other questions would most likely elicit a yes or no answer rather than any specific details about his weakness or development.

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 10-year-old boy with a suspected neuromuscular disorder. Which finding is a sign of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Gowers sign A sign of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is Gowers sign, or the inability of the child to rise from the floor in the standard fashion because of weakeness. Signs of hydrocephalus are not typically associated with DMD. Kyphosis and scoliosis occur more frequently than lordosis. A child with DMD has an enlarged appearance to their calf muscles due to pseudohypertrophy of the calves.

A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for possible bacterial meningitis. Which sign would indicate irritation of the meninges?

Positive Kernig sign A positive Kernig sign can indicate irritation of the meninges. A positive Brudzinski sign also is indicative of the condition. A positive Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix indicating pregnancy.

The nurse is preparing a care plan for a child who has a seizure disorder. The child experiences tonic-clonic seizures. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse identify as having the highest priority?

Risk for injury A seizure disorder is caused by a disruption in the electrical impulses in the brain. Tonic-clonic seizures is the most dramatic seizure disorder. It is characterized by a loss of consciousness, along with the entire body experiencing tonic contractions followed by rhythmic clonic contractions alternating with relaxation of all muscle groups. Cyanosis may be noted due to apnea, and saliva may collect in the mouth due to inability to swallow. All of these symptoms would make Risk for injury the highest priority.

Which nursing assessment data should be given the highest priority for a child with clinical findings related to meningitis?

Signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) Assessment of fever and evaluation of nuchal rigidity are important aspects of care, but assessment for signs of increasing ICP should be the highest priority due to the life-threatening implications. Urinary and fecal incontinence can occur in a child who's ill from nearly any cause but doesn't pose a great danger to life.

A client with muscular dystrophy has lost complete control of his lower extremities. He has some strength bilaterally in the upper extremities, but poor trunk control. Which mechanism would be the most important to have on the wheelchair?

Wheelchair belt This client has poor trunk control; a belt will prevent him from falling out of the wheelchair. Antitip devices, head rest supports, and extended breaks are all important options but aren't the most important options in this situation.