Quiz Week 1-3

Family is important to the socialization process because

-family members are what Mead called "significant others" -families pass along to children social identity in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion -parents greatly affect a child's sense of self.

Examples of people applying their knowledge of sociology at work include people in

All of the above are correct.

When immigrants bring new cultural patterns to the United States, the result may be

All of the above are correct.

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by

Auguste Comte

Which of the following is NOT one of the defining traits of a cause-and-effect relationship?

Both variables must be shown to be independent.

In general, low-income nations have cultures that value individualism and personal self-expression.

False

__________ are rules about everyday casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance.

Folkways; mores

Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Jane Addams

Today, most immigrants to the United States arrive from Selected Answer:

Latin America and Asia.

Below is a list of traits linked to a total institution; all but one are correct. Which one is NOT correct?

Staff members encourage individual growth and creativity.

Based on what you have read in this chapter, how would sociologists explain the fact that many young people in the United States experience adolescence as a time of confusion?

There are cultural inconsistencies in defining this stage of life as partly child-like and partly adult-like.

Industrialization changes society in many ways. All of the following statements except one are changes brought on by industrialization. Which is NOT such a change?

Tradition becomes a more powerful part of culture.

Compared with cultures around the world, the U.S. way of life emphasizes activity, materialism, and progress.

True

Which of the following statements represent an emerging value in our society?

Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth.

Cultural universals are cultural traits that

are part of every known culture.

W. E. B. Du Bois Described African Americans as having a "double consciousness" because

black people are citizens who have a second identity based on their skin color.

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages

challenging commonly held beliefs.

Jean Piaget's focus was on

cognition, which means how people think and understand.

What is the term sociologists give to a category of people with a common characteristic, usually their age?

cohort

Child-rearing varies by class: typically, well-to-do parents stress __________, while lower-class parents stress __________.

creativity; obedience

Sam had unpleasant and even frightening experiences when he encountering a strange way of life while visiting another country over spring break. His experiences can be called

culture shock

Levi's jeans are a hot fashion item in Russia. The desire of Russians to follow U.S. fashion trends is an example of

diffusion

Which of the following is a benefit we gain from studying sociology?

empowers us to be active participants in our society

A person who criticizes an Amish farmer as foolish or backward for tilling his fields using horses and a plow instead of a tractor is exhibiting

ethnocentrism.

The special contribution of schooling to the socialization process includes

exposing the child to people whose backgrounds differ from their own.

The social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is

fairly equal, with men and women making vital contributions to survival.

An example of material culture would be ideas about beauty.

false

In Freud's model of personality, the ego manages the opposing forces of the id and the superego.

false

Peter Berger described using the sociological perspective as seeing the __________ in the __________.

general; particular

In terms of human freedom, the chapter on socialization leads to the conclusion that

human beings are affected by society, but also creatively act back on society.

In historical perspective, the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has

increased over time.

The text states that cultural change is set in motion in three general ways:

invention, discovery, and diffusion.

Industrialized societies typically define people in old age as

less important than younger adults.

The Harlows' research with rhesus monkeys, as well as cases of isolated children such as Anna and Genie, leads us to conclude that

long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans.

Car, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?

material culture

Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society's population

may not be functional for another category.

If marginality encourages sociological thinking, we would expect people in which category listed below to make the most use of the sociological perspective?

people of color

When Charles Horton Cooley used the concept "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that

people see themselves as they think others see them.

C. Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed

personal problems into public issues.

__________ is a way of understanding the world based on a scientific approach to knowledge.

positivism

The United States has now entered the __________ technological era.

postindustrial

By "taking the role of the other," Mead had in mind Selected Answer:

recognizing that people around the world have different views of most situations.

Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that

relies on culture to ensure survival.

Looking at childhood in global perspective, we find that

rich societies extend childhood much longer than poor societies do.

The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the

social-conflict approach.

Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

socialization

Which discipline is defined as "the systematic study of human society"?

sociology

The theoretical approach that highlights the way any cultural pattern helps meet human needs is the

structural-functional approach.

Gerhard Lenski focused on which of the following factors as having great power to shape a society?

technology

Carol Gilligan extended Lawrence Kohlberg's research, showing that

the ability to assess situations as right and wrong typically develops only as young people enter the teenage years.

What research method was used in Phillip Zimbardo's study the "Stanford County Prison"?

the experiment

Herbert Spencer described human society as having much in common with

the human body

Which of the following phrases best describes the focus of the structural-functional approach?

the impact of social structure and resulting social functions

George Herbert Mead considered the self to be

the part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image.

Which of the following can correctly be called the "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change"?

the social-conflict approach

What is the term for a basic image of society that guides thinking and research?

theoretical approach

In her interviews with high school students, Grace Kao found that stereotypes about race and ethnicity form part of young people's sense of self.

true

A sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born to a woman reflects:

whether she lives in a poor or rich country.

In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following categories of people?

white males

Studies of children raised in isolation, show that

without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action.