quiz

What is the main function of a Technology Transfer Office with respect to collaborative research?

It helps collaborative researchers to commercialize their work

Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest?

It occurs when an institution's financial or non-financial interests could interfere with its research activities.

Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer

Which of the following most accurately describes allocability?

It refers to how direct expenses are calculated based on the benefits to the project.

According to the Belmont Report, the requirement that the benefits and burdens of the research are equitably distributed expresses the principle of:

Justice

Which of the following most accurately describes the main purpose of the Super Circular also known as the Uniform Guidance?

They outline the rules for the financial management of sponsored projects

Proper paraphrasing of a sentence written by someone else may be accomplished by:

Using your own words and writing voice to express the idea conveyed in the sentence

In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to:

Whether operationalized terms actually measure what they purport to measure

When should a research administrator reach out to a sponsor?

A research administrator may need to contact a sponsor for clarification on a specific term in an award, to request permission for an expense that was not originally included in a proposal or award document, or to verify the allowability of a specific expense

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?

A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency

Identify the example of when situation and time are key to assessing risk of harm in a research study:

A study on the efficacy of a behavioral intervention for smoking cessation that involves both adults and teenagers in the United States

Your informed consent form must describe

All foreseeable risks and discomforts

According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects?

An experiment is proposed on the relationship between gender-related stereotypes in math and the subsequent performance by males and females on math tests

Which of the following is the general guideline that IACUCs use to evaluate the potential pain of a procedure conducted with animals?

Any procedure that causes pain or distress in human beings may cause pain or distress in other animals

Risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences generally fall in three categories, which are:

Invasion of privacy, breach of confidentiality, and study procedures

An idea is most likely to represent "common knowledge" if :

It can be safely assumed that the readers and the author are both thoroughly familiar with the idea and its source.

An example cited in the Belmont Report stated that "During the 19th centuries the burdens of serving as research subjects fell largely upon poor ward patients, while the benefits of improved medical care flowed primarily to private patients"

Justice

Which of the following is true about the management of conflicts of interest?

Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest

According to the US Federal Research Misconduct Policy, falsification involves:

Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.

Continuing review of an approved and ongoing study posing more than minimal risk that was initially approved by a convened IRB:

Must occur within 12 months of the approval date

If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?

No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute.

According to the federal regulations, human subjects are living individuals about whom an investigator conducting research obtain information through interaction or intervention with the individuals, and uses, studies, or analyzes the information; or:

Obtains, uses, studies, analyzes, or generates identifiable private information.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between an institution and the institution's IRB is correct?

Officials of the institution may overrule an IRB approval

Reviewers have a responsibility to promote ethical peer review by:

Preserving the confidentiality of the submission

In addition to pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates, another subpart of the HHS regulations provides additional protections for which of the following vulnerable populations?

Prisoners

Additional safeguards that may be included in a social and behavioral study may include:

Remove all direct identifiers front eh data as soon as possible.

Which statement best describes what an IRB is responsible for reviewing?

Research involving a human subject.

Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging?

The collaborators may have different disciplinary cultural backgrounds and practices

According to federal regulations , the expedited review process may be used when the study procedures pose:

No more than minimal risk and the research activities fall within regulatory categories identified as eligible.

A graduate student needs to conduct a research project for her master's thesis. She is interested in the types of junk food available to the public. She plans to go to the local convenience stores and asks the owners what types of junk food the store normally stocks, and which are the biggest sellers. She will not collect identifiers. This study would be subject to which type of review?

Not Human Subjects

If disclosure of a subject's involvement in a specific research study can be potentially harmful to the subject, and the consent form is the only record linking the subject to the research, which of the following would be most helpful?

Obtain a waiver of documentation of informed consent.

Which of the following most accurately describes data lifecycle management (DLM)?

It refers to the tools and processes for handling data during a research study and after it conlcudes

Which statement most accurately describes the process leading to the development of the Nuremberg Code:

It was created in response to the harms caused by Nazi researchers around the time of the Second World War.

Authors who reuse portions of text that have appeared in one of their earlier published papers run the risk of being accused of:

Self-plagiarism

Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between a mentor and a trainee?

A mentor who recruits trainees merely for the mentor's own career advancement.

According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research wit human subjects?

A cognitive psychologist enrolls undergraduate students for a computer-based study about the effect of mood on problem-solving behaviors.

The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:

A conflict of interest committee

Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form?

A description of the research's potential benefits and risks

According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects?

A developmental psychologist videotapes interactions between groups of toddlers and their caregivers to determine which intervention methods mot effectively manage aggression.

Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?

Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential

In the US, the first federal regulations for human subjects research began in 1981 with the codification of the

Common Rule the first federal regulations for human subjects protections was the common rule.

Which of the following best reflects what an individual's "effort" includes?

Compensated activities

Which of the following is true regarding data analysis?

Data analysis methods should usually be specified in advance before a study begins

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to study employing human subjects?

Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks

A research collaboration can be enhanced by:

Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming.

The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is

Financial conflicts of interest

Which of the following is most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?

Good mentoring

Which of the following is the main reason why proper training in euthanasia techniques is important?

Improper techniques can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals

The primary purpose of a Certificate of Confidentiality is to:

Protect identifiable research information from compelled disclosure.

Which of the following are the three principles discusses in the Belmont Report

Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice

Humphrey's collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that hew as a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:

Respect for persons

Which of the following studies would need IRB approval ?

Studies collecting identifiable information about living individuals

Which of the following situations is most likely to constitute an instance of plagiarism?

Summarizing a published article in 2-3 distinct paragraphs and including this in a paper without a citation.

They defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who:

Take a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee

Which of the following is true regarding the use of animals in research?

The attending veterinarian must be allowed to have access to all research animals at all times.

According to the federal regulations, research is eligible for exemption, if:

The research falls into one of eight categories of research activity described in the regulations

What is the most appropriate process for research collaborators to use in determining which journal they should submit their work to?

The research should discuss the issue early on and while the project is ongoing.

Which of the following most accurately describes the process that must occur when working with research animals covered by US federal regulations.

The research team must obtain IACUC approval for the proposed research procedures prior to starting the work.

As a first step, what must be done before enrolling a young child in a research protocol?

The risks and benefits must be explained to the child's parents or legally authorized representative.

Which if the following best describes when a protocol may be eligible for expedited review by the IRB?

The study involves no more than minimal risk and meets one of the allowable categories of expedited review specified by the federal government

Close out instructions on a sponsored project are most directly determined by:

The terms and conditions in the agreement with the sponsor.

In any collaboration, data ownership is typically determined by:

The type and source of funds used to support the project.

The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because

Their removal lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process.

Which justification would and IACUC most likely accept if a research team plans to withhold pain relief (analgesia) from a animal during a project?

Documented evidence that the analgesic agent will interfere with the aims of the project.

Which of the most accurately describes good mentoring practice?

Encouraging trainees to receive mentoring from a collection of individuals

Which of the following is is an example of how the principle of beneficence is applied to a study involving human subjects?

Ensuring that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated benefits

Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal regulations for human subject protection?

PHS Tuskegee Study

The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least tow ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that:

Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.

Which type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?

Plagiarism

Which one of the following statements is most accurately describes how plagiarism has been defined in this module?

Plagiarism applies not only to ideas that are found in print but also those that are communicated verbally.

A researcher is interested in assessing risk-taking by individuals. The researcher is sitting on a bench near a busy four-way stop intersection. She plans on recording the number of bike riders wearing a safety helmet and whether they stop at the intersection before proceeding in order to correlate use of safety apparel with risk taking. This collection of information is an example of:

Public behavior

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?

Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.

What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB and IACUC)?

To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects.

Which of the following us true regarding the US Federal Research Misconduct Policy?

To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.

Which of the following is true regarding the traditional peer review process:

Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.