QUIZLET4

D

Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives? (A) The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was justified. (B) Capitalism, free of government regulation, would improve social conditions. (C) Both wealth and poverty are the products of natural selection. (D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.

B

Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following? (A) The passage of laws restricting immigration to the United States (B) An increase in Progressive reform activity (C) A decline in efforts to Americanize immigrants (D) The weakening of labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor

C

Efforts by Republicans such as Schurz to establish a base for their party in the South after the Civil War ultimately failed because (A) Republicans feared the South would secede again if the party became too successful (B) Republican opposition to African American rights alienated many White Southerners (C) Republicans grew weary of pressing their Reconstruction agenda in a hostile environment (D) Republicans believed it better to withdraw from the South than to become corrupted by Southern politics

A

3. Which of the following represents a later example of the change highlighted in the poster? (A) Feminist challenges to sexual norms in the 1970s (B) The growing protests against United States military engagements abroad in the 1970s (C) The increasing inability of the manufacturing sector to create jobs for women in the 1970s and 1980s (D) The growing popular consensus about appropriate women's roles in the 1980s and 1990s

B

In the 1840s and 1850s, the views expressed by Calhoun most directly contributed to (A) the United States acquisition of new territory in the West (B) increased sectional divisions between the North and the South (C) the development of sharecropping and tenant farming in the South (D) the rise of voluntary organizations to promote religious reform

C

Many supporters of the declaration in 1848 broke ranks with which of the following groups by the 1870s? (A) Social Darwinists (B) Supporters of Southern secession and states' rights (C) Supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment (D) Isolationists

D

Most historians would argue that the recommendations of Washington's address ceased to have a significant influence on United States foreign policy as a result of (A) westward expansion in the nineteenth century (B) support for Cuban revolutionaries in the Spanish-American War (C) Woodrow Wilson's support for international democratic principles during the First World War (D) involvement in the Second World War

A

Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the (A) increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes (B) increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy (C) westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge (D) opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory

D

Muir's position regarding wilderness was most strongly supported by which of the following? (A) Members of the Populist movement (B) Urban political bosses (C) American Indians living on reservations (D) Preservationists concerned about overuse of natural resources

B

Reagan's speech best reflects which of the following developments in United States foreign policy? (A) Caution resulting from earlier setbacks in international affairs (B) Assertions of U.S. opposition to communism (C) The expansion of peacekeeping efforts (D) The pursuit of free trade worldwide

C

Schurz's analysis most directly illustrated the debates about which of the following issues in the South? (A) The industrialization of the South (B) The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation (C) The process of readmitting Confederate states (D) The extent of federal legislative power

D

The Brown decision reversed which of the following earlier decisions? (A) Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review (B) Worcester v. Georgia, which established that the federal government rather than individual states had authority in American Indian affairs (C) Dred Scott v. Sandford, which proclaimed that slaves could not be citizens (D) Plessy v. Ferguson, which endorsed racial segregation laws

D

The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected (A) cultural tensions between scientific modernism and religious fundamentalism in the 1920s (B) conflicts arising from the migration of African Americans to urban centers in the North (C) the emergence of an increasingly national culture in the 1920s shaped by art, cinema, and mass media (D) social tensions emerging from the First World War

C

The Immigration Act of 1924 produced highly discriminatory results because it (A) created a guest worker program that encouraged temporary immigration but denied citizenship (B) relied on a series of literacy tests and physical examinations to manage immigration (C) placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race (D) encouraged immigration of people with highly sought after skills or family in the United States

D

The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to (A) encourage the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (B) promote the acquisition of new territories abroad (C) contain the spread of Soviet-dominated communism (D) overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

C

The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following? (A) The interaction of English colonial settlers with native populations in the early seventeenth century (B) The harsh realities of life in the early seventeenth-century American colonies, including illness, high mortality rates, and starvation (C) The role that appeals and advertising played in encouraging men and women to participate in colonization efforts (D) The nature of master and apprentice relationships in England in the early seventeenth century

A

The excerpts were written in response to the (A) British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies (B) British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians (C) colonial governments' failures to implement mercantilist policies (D) colonial governments' attempts to extend political rights to new groups

A

The export of New World crops to the Old World transformed European society mostly by (A) improving diets and thereby stimulating population growth (B) encouraging enclosure of open lands and pushing workers off of farms (C) promoting greater exploration of the interior of the American continents (D) fostering conflicts among major powers over access to new food supplies

C

The pattern of colonial settlement up to 1700 resulted most directly from which of the following factors? (A) The large size of British colonial populations relative to American Indian populations (B) British recognition of Native American sovereignty (C) The orientation of the British colonies toward producing commodities for export to Europe (D) British government attempts to impose greater control over the colonies in the late 1600s

B

The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments? (A) The spread of maize cultivation northward from present-day Mexico into the American Southwest (B) The population decline in Native American societies (C) The gradual shift of European economies from feudalism to capitalism (D) The emergence of racially mixed populations in the Americas

A

The poster most directly reflects the (A) wartime mobilization of United States society (B) emergence of the United States as a leading world power (C) expanded access to consumer goods during wartime (D) wartime repression of civil liberties

D

The poster was intended to (A) persuade women to enlist in the military (B) promote the ideals of republican motherhood (C) advocate for the elimination of sex discrimination in employment (D) convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort

D

The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s? (A) The development of an idea of republican self-government (B) The emergence of calls for the abolition of slavery (C) The increased influence of the Enlightenment (D) The expansion of Protestant evangelism

C

The principles expressed by Paine and Jefferson best account for which of the following features of the United States during and immediately after the American Revolution? (A) The development of factions and nascent political parties (B) The rapid expansion of frontier settlements (C) The relatively limited powers of the Articles of Confederation (D) The growth of conflict between wealthy elites and poor farmers and laborers

A

The statements of both Truman and Reagan share the same goal of (A) restraining communist military power and ideological influence (B) creating alliances with recently decolonized nations (C) reestablishing the principle of isolationism (D) avoiding a military confrontation with the Soviet Union

C

The trends described by Taylor most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in the Atlantic world? (A) The growth of mercantile empires that stretched across the Atlantic (B) The increasing anglicization of the English colonies (C) The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange (D) The rise of the trans-Atlantic slave trade

D

Truman issued the doctrine primarily in order to (A) support decolonization in Asia and Africa (B) support United States allies in Latin America (C) protect United States interests in the Middle East (D) bolster noncommunist nations, particularly in Europe

B

Which of the following actions by the Clinton administration best reflects the ideas about the scope of government expressed in the excerpt? (A) The decision to pursue military peacekeeping interventions in the Balkans and Somalia (B) The enactment of welfare reform to restrict benefits and encourage self-reliance (C) The negotiation of new free trade agreements among North American countries (D) The effort to enact universal health care legislation

C

Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment? (A) The idea that wilderness areas are worthy subjects for artistic works (B) The idea that wilderness areas serve as evidence of divine creation (C) The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state (D) The idea that mountainous scenery is more picturesque and beautiful than flat terrain

B

Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt? (A) The conviction and execution of suspected Soviet spies in the United States (B) United States membership in an international peacekeeping body (C) United States military commitment to countries battling communist insurgencies (D) The rise of peace organizations opposed to the buildup and use of nuclear weapons

A

Which of the following developments in the second half of the nineteenth century best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the declaration? (A) The formation of voluntary organizations and reform efforts (B) Women's support for the Social Gospel (C) Support for outlawing the production and sale of alcohol (D) A movement focused on religious revivals and personal conversion

C

Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt? (A) Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930 (B) Narratives describing the challenges of immigrant family life in the 1920s (C) Diplomatic correspondence reflecting the increasing isolationism of United States foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s (D) Census data revealing the Great Migration of African Americans to cities in the North and West in the 1920s

A

Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington's point of view in the address? (A) Democratic-Republicans (B) New England merchants (C) Southern plantation owners (D) Federalists

C

Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Calhoun's views expressed in the excerpt? (A) Members of nativist political parties (B) Members of the Whig Party (C) Southern landowners (D) Northern industrialists

B

Which of the following most directly undermines Calhoun's assertions? (A) Many slaves adopted elements of Christianity. (B) Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery. (C) Abolitionist societies encountered difficulty organizing in Southern states. (D) A majority of White Southerners were not slaveholders.

C

Which of the following sets of Supreme Court decisions demonstrated the strongest continuity with the idea expressed in the excerpt? (A) Decisions endorsing the constitutionality of the death penalty, such as Gregg v. Georgia (B) Decisions limiting affirmative action programs, such as Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (C) Decisions defining individual rights and protections, such as Miranda v. Arizona (D) Decisions defining election laws, such as Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

C

Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in immigration after 1845 shown on the graph? (A) An increase in sectional tensions (B) A major economic downturn (C) An upsurge in nativist sentiment (D) The collapse of the second party system

A

Which of the following was a major contrast between the New England colonies and the colonies of France? (A) The New England colonies were based on both agriculture and commerce. (B) The French settled more often in cities and towns. (C) The French had more conflicts with American Indians. (D) New England developed a less rigid racial hierarchy.

B

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1843 to 1854 shown in the graph? (A) Active encouragement of migration by the United States government (B) Economic and political difficulties in Germany and Ireland (C) Incentives offered by United States companies looking to hire skilled migrants (D) Adoption of free trade policies by European governments

D

Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision excerpted? (A) Radicals critiqued government actions as doing too little to transform the racial status quo. (B) Education advocates raised awareness of the effect of poverty on students' opportunities. (C) Civil rights activists became increasingly divided over tactical and philosophical issues. (D) Segregationists in southern states temporarily closed many public schools in an effort to resist the decision.

C

Whitefield's impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s was most directly shaped by... (A) Roman Catholic influences (B) interest in commerce and business (C) trans-Atlantic exchanges (D) reliance on agriculture

B

Whitefield's open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends? (A) The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood (B) Greater independence and diversity of thought (C) Movement of settlers to the backcountry (D) The pursuit of social reform

A

The migrants represented by the graph most typically settled in which of the following regions of the United States? (A) The Northeast (B) The Southeast (C) The Southwest (D) The West Coast

B

The attitudes of White Southerners described by Schurz contributed to which of the following developments in the last quarter of the nineteenth century? (A) The sale of most plantations to African Americans to keep them in the South (B) The establishment of sharecropping throughout the South (C) The Nullification Crisis caused by Southern resistance to federal policy (D) The rise of the Whig Party in the South

A

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the (A) development of economic differences between the northern and southern colonies (B) colonists' difficulties in effectively resisting the British military during the American Revolution (C) significant proportion of colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution (D) growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

B

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 had which of the following effects? (A) A decrease in the coastal population (B) An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians (C) A decrease in the economic importance of slavery and other forms of coerced labor (D) An increase in trade with French Canada

C

The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the (A) debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the trans-Appalachian West (B) dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain (C) controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France (D) conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists

A

The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century? (A) the growing gap between rich and poor (B) the rise of the settlement house and Populist movements (C) increased corruption in urban politics (D) the migration of African Americans to the North in the late nineteenth century

A

The decision excerpted most directly reflected a growing belief after the Second World War that the power of the federal government should be used to (A) promote greater racial justice (B) revitalize cities (C) foster economic opportunity (D) defend traditional visions of morality

D

The ideas about government expressed by Paine and Jefferson are most consistent with which of the following? (A) The concept of hereditary rights and privileges (B) The belief in Manifest Destiny (C) The principle of religious freedom (D) The ideas of the Enlightenment

B

The ideas expressed by Clinton in the excerpt were most similar to those of which twentieth-century president? (A) Lyndon Johnson (B) Ronald Reagan (C) Franklin Roosevelt (D) Woodrow Wilson

C

The ideas expressed in Washington's address most strongly influenced which United States foreign policy decision in the twentieth century? (A) The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 (B) The formation of the NATO alliance between the United States and Western Europe in 1949 (C) The refusal to join the League of Nations in 1919 (D) The oil embargo against Japan in 1941

A

The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed fromthe prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was (A) arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world (B) encouraging the United States to avoid political entanglements in Europe (C) seeking to promote United States influence throughout Latin America (D) encouraging new laws that would give the United States international police power

B

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that (A) women should enjoy full and equal rights with men (B) women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere (C) the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development (D) women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship

B

The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in the United States at the time? (A) The convergence of European and American cultures (B) The emergence of an industrialized economy (C) The displacement of American Indians from the Southeast (D) The resurgence of evangelical Protestantism