quizzam 4 challenge questions

House's revision of his theory puts more emphasis on the need for leaders to foster 1. an external locus of control 2. personal growth in management knowledge. 3. intrinsic motivation through empowerment. 4. achievement with an internal locus of control. 5. concrete rewards and need for achievement.

3

Stark Industries was just rated number one for job satisfaction on a survey compiled by an outside entity. The report cited that employees at Stark Industries had a strong ________ and reported low levels of 1. job involvement; work-life balance. 2. motivation; life satisfaction. 3. organizational commitment, perceived stress 4. perceived stress; absenteeism. 5. perceived stress; life satisfaction.

3

managers who value consideration focus on what?

-mixing with employees -being aware of employee concerns -minimizing harmful conflict -encouraging a positive workplace climate managers that DON'T value consideration often engage in "developing new practices"

what should you do to try to improve low self-efficacy in employees?

-you can nurture their self-efficacy -give positive feedback and constructive pointers -provide guided experiences -serve as a role model and mentor to them you SHOULD reward their small successes

consideration is an _____ oriented behavior

people

_______ theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice is social exchanges or give-and-take relationships

Equity theory. Equity theory asks the question "How fairly do you think you are being treated in relation to others?" Equity theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in their social exchanges. The whole idea of equity theory is based on the idea that employees are motivated to see fairness in the rewards they expect for task performance and are motivated to resolve feelings of injustice. Equity theory is also based on cognitive dissonance, which is the psychological discomfort people experience between their cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior- a discomfort that motivates them to take action to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior

Amelia has a charismatic personality, and finds it easy to get others to agree with her. Amelia has referent power. T/F

True. referent power is the power to get people to like you or attract to you

in using reinforcement, a manager should

clearly communicate the desired behavior reinforcement theory attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, while behavior with negative consequences tends to not be repeated. positive reinforcement- the use of positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior (an example is a manager asked an insurance salesperson to sell more policies and he tells the salesperson "its great that you exceeded your sales quota for the month and you will get a bonus for that. Maybe next time you will sell even more and potentially win a trip to Paris") Negative reinforcement is the process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative. (an example is a manager who has been sending a salesperson multiple annoying emails nagging him to start selling more insurance policies finally stops sending him the emails after he met his quota for the month) extinction is the process of weakening behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced (an example is you stop picking up phone calls from a solicitor because you want the person to stop calling you. by not picking up, you are hoping the person gives up trying to reach you) Punishment is a process that also weakens behavior. (an example is the US department of transportation started fining airline companies over $20,000 per person for being on the tarmac for longer than 3 hours. this punishment quickly reduced those cases from over 500 to only 12)

a person's belief that the effort they put into completing a task will lead to performing at a desired level is called _____

expectancy

Samantha is terminated from her job. She believes that her termination is a layoff due to poor market conditions. This belief displays which the following components of core self-evaluations?

external locus of control. Samantha is blaming getting fired on outside conditions that she "couldn't control"

At the morning status meeting, everyone goes around the room and shares what has happened overnight with the computer system and whether or not there are any change requests in the queue. Regardless of how many issues there seem to be, Joel says, "We can solve anything." What type of leader is Joel?

he is an initiating-structure leader initiating-structure leadership is leader behavior that organizes and defines-what employees should be doing to maximize output. This is a very task oriented approach. With initiating structure, the number ONE thing to always keep telling yourself is "we can solve this"

what are formal aspects of the workplace?

hierarchy, goals, policies, and structure. (these are all pretty formal things and employees dont have much say on if they agree with them or not, making them formal)

Sarah receives a difficult work assignment that will require her to spend many hours organizing and deciphering information. She successfully completed a similar task last year and her supervisor is confident that she can do the same again this year. Which of the following best describes how Sarah is likely to feel in relation to the task?

high self-efficacy. Sarah's boss believes that she will be able to complete the tasks, and she has already done it in the past, so she is confident that she can complete it again this time

Everyone on Jackson's team knows he is in charge, but that doesn't mean he doesn't enjoy spending time with them. Jackson can often be seen joking and laughing with his team members, who are individuals with standardized tasks, which can often be boring. Based on this information, Jackson has ________ situational control.

high situational control people with high situational control have clear positions of authority and good relationships with followers, who have clearly defined tasks.

Bill has low self-efficacy. As a result, his ______ tends to be low.

his expectancy will be low. if bill has low self-efficacy, that means he doesn't have very much confidence in his abilities to do tasks well. So since Bill doesn't have much confidence in himself, his expectancy on good outcomes will be low.

colin is a branch manager for a large freight company. He has notices low morale lately, perhaps because of the cramped quarters, stricter policies, and lack of raises this year. According to Herzberg, Colin should first concentrate on _____

hygiene factors Hygiene factors ask the question "why are my people dissatisfied?" hygiene factors are associated with job dissatisfaction, such as salary, working conditions, interpersonal relationships, and company policy. These all affect the job context in which people work. Example of good hygiene factors are when a company offers paid time off, sick days, and health insurance to part-time workers. Good hygiene factors lead to low employee turnover and absenteeism

if followers lack both motivation and ability, then leaders should engage in activities emphasizing ________

initiating structure and consideration in this situation, the followers readiness is very low, which means they lack motivation and ability. The only thing that a leader can do in this situation is to focus on initiating structure and control, sense their isnt much else they can do

Angelo's boss frequently exhorts his subordinates to work harder by promising them a substantial bonus at the end of each quarter. However, bonuses are only sporadically awarded regardless of meeting performance goals. As a result, Angelo's ____________ may be low.

instrumentality instrumentality is the expectation that successful performance will lead to a desired outcome. since bonuses are not offered on a regular basis when goals are met, angelo doesn't have much motivation the work for the bonus he is "supposed" to get, so in turn his instrumentality is low.

Which component of core self-evaluations reflects an individual's belief that s/he controls the events and consequences in life?

internal locus of control

according to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?

interpersonal relationships

Jeremiah works at a marketing firm and is assigned a client that is known for being difficult to work with. Jeremiah is confident that he can produce a quality product but is often very worried and stressed when working on it. Jeremiah displays

low emotional stability, and high self efficacy. it says that he is often stressed when working on this assignment, so that points to low emotional stability. But it also says that he is confident that he can produce quality work, so that points to high self-efficacy.

________ is the set of psychological procedures that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior

motivation

In the ______ leadership model, a leader makes desirable rewards available in the workplace and clarifies how followers can obtain them.

path-goal. path-goal is when a leader makes it clear what outcomes are desired and he also makes it clear what rewards they will get if they meet their quotas

________ is at the center of the diversity wheel

personality it goes personality in the middle internal dimensions outside personality (which are human differences that exert a powerful sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives like gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and physical abilities) then we have external dimensions outside of internal dimensions (external dimensions include an element of choice like educational background, marital status, parental status, religion, income, geographic location, appearance, and personal habits) and then on the very outside, we have organizational dimensions (these include our management status, union affiliation, work location, seniority, work content, and division or department)

A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance. T/F

this is false. cognitive dissonance occurs when someone holds different beliefs, ideas, or values about a situation. so in this situation, the speaker is attempting to decrease cognitive dissonance because he is basically providing an example that is going against widely accepted antismoking messages

Leadership is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals. T/F

true

As a manager, when you provide rewards or reprimand your subordinates, you are practicing transactional leadership. T/F

true transactional leadership is focusing on clarifying employees roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance

Dick is a customer service representative for William's Global Paints in New York City. Dick enjoys living and working in New York City because of the availability of public transportation as he does not own a car. William's Global Paints recently announced that they are giving a free monthly parking space to the worker with the highest level of customer service. This announcement does not affect Dick's level of motivation due to the impact it has on his _______

valence. valence is the value that someone places on an outcome or situation. Since the parking spot is basically meaningless for vince, is valence for the parking spot will be low

How are values different from attitudes?

values are consistent over time values are abstract ideals that guide ones thinking and behavior across all situations. Values typically dont change much, and are pretty set-in-stone by your late teen years. sometimes values can be changed by significant life events like having a child, undergoing a business failure, or surviving the death of a loved one. Attitudes are more directed toward specific people, objects, or situations. Attitudes directly influence our everyday behavior, and they can change more frequently than values.

what are informal aspects of the workplace?

values, conflicts, culture, and personalities. (all of these are more employee driven and the employees have pretty much all the control over these things)