Quizzes, SBUS 250
games
- Specialized form of play with more structure - Mental or physical form (inactive or active) - Informal or formal rules - Competition (optional) - Outcome can be determined by luck, strategy, skill
work
- Work is the physical or mental effort needed to perform a task. - It is often connected to earning a living - Professional athletes work when they are paid to play sport. - High-performance athletes may experience sport as work even if they are not paid
sports
-Physical activity and skill -Competition—outcome important and not predetermined -Institutionalization -Specialized facilities and equipment
no significant wave 1980-2010
- End of Cold War, Capitalism, "Post Racial America" - Significant athletes: Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley
3rd wave: 1960s-1970s
- Historical influences: Civil rights movement, Black Power - Muhammad Ali, Bill Russell, Kareem Abdul Jabber, Tommie Smith, John Carlos
2nd wave: 1946-1960s
- Historical influences: Decolonization - Access to American mainstream - Significant athletes: Jackie Robinson - Institutions became less segregated
play
- Physical activity of childhood - Free activity to explore environment, express oneself, dream, and pretend - No firm rules or set location - Outcome unimportant - Pleasure as the only objective
4th wave: 2011-now
-Social media, seeking for power and using power -Significant athletes: Colin Kaepernick, LeBron James
The 2019 World Cup Final was the ___ most watched TV program in the USA
100
Title 9 started in
1972
USWNT
26th most watched event, highest watched soccer game,
criminal violence
Actions that not only violate the rules of the game, but are outside the law.
framing
Active process of selection of topics by the media, effect on the understanding by the consumers perceived reality, deals with interpretation, deals with the issues
According to the _________________ theory, the media have power in their ability to shape the discussion of public events. Gratification Agenda setting None of the above Cultivation
Agenda setting
According to the ______ "the media do not tell people what to think, they tell people what to think about". Social identity theory Agenda setting theory Self-categorization theories Disposition-based theories
Agenda setting theory
In the NCAA, Division I - FBS, which of the following women sports generates net profits (revenues are higher than expenses)? All women's sports are losing money in college sports Women's soccer Women's basketball Women's softball
All women's sports are losing money in college sports
________ is exhibited by people who starve themselves in order to achieve what they perceive as an ideal body weight.
Anorexia
Who must comply with Title IX?
Any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance
functionalist theory
Change is gradual - Sports reinforces societies value system - sports maintains societal status quo by building character value
qualitative research
Collects information through interviews or observation of individuals, groups, societal characteristics, and trends
quantifiable research
Collects or studies data that can be counted and analyzed statistically
An annual decrease in a club's value is called _______.
Depreciation
Accommodation of Interest test
Does the school accommodate the interest of female student athletes?
Continued improvement test
Does the school show a history of progress?
All college sports in the United States is governed by the NCAA? True False
False
All prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs are illegal. True False
False
Since the passage of Title IX in 1972, there was no significant growth in girls and women's participation in high school and college sports. True False
False
The final stage of a marketing process is a SWOT analysis. True False
False
gratification theory
Focus on the media user, motives, media consumption, groups and individuals, why users choose certain media platforms
Between 1989 and 2014 the percentage of network news coverage of women's sports has consistently been ________.
Less than 10%
Which of the following is NOT part of the Title IX compliance tests? Level of performance test Accommodation-of-interests test History-of-progress test Proportionality test
Level of performance test
According to Woods (2016), Hispanic or Latino athletes are over-represented (their percentage in the sport is higher than their percentage in the population) in ______________.
MLB
According to Woods (2016), African-American athletes are under-represented (their percentage in the sport is lower than their percentage in the population) in ______________.
MLS
Larry Nassar sexually abused athletes while treating athletes as part of which of the following organizations?
Michigan State University, USA Gymnastics, and the US Olympic Committee (all three organizations).
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Division III (DIII) schools? DIII competitions are regulated by the NCAA. DIII schools cannot award athletic scholarships. DIII schools tend to be relatively expensive. Most DIII schools are big public universities.
Most DIII schools are big public universities.
Who were the leading athletes of the third wave of athletes' activism?
Muhammad and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Title XI
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
social identity
People group to make sense of the social world, similar categories within the group
A researcher analyzing our individual and collective behaviors as Ducks fans, will be using ________.
Self-categorization and social identity theories
A researcher analyzing our individual and collective behaviors as Ducks fans, will be using ________. Self-categorization and social identity theories Hegemony theories Agenda setting theories Framing theories
Self-categorization and social identity theories
long term implications of title 9
Social change, health, professional women's leagues, developing successful athletes
feminist theory
Society is patriarchal and ignores or undervalues female virtues. - Analyzes the status of women in sport.
Most NCAA schools with big football programs are part of ________. Division II the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) Division III The Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
The Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
According to Cooky, Messner, and Musto (2015), __________.
The highest coverage percentage of women's sports was Network News in 1999.
Which of the following is true about men's sports in the Division I FBS colleges in the NCAA?
The only college sports that generate net profits are college football and college basketball
Which of the following is true about men's sports in the Division I FBS colleges in the NCAA? College football does not generate net profits On average, the net profit generated by baseball and basketball combined are higher that the net profit generated by college basketball The only college sports that generate net profits are college football and college basketball On average, no men's sports in the NCAA generates net revenues
The only college sports that generate net profits are college football and college basketball
The 1920s and the 1930s were the golden age of ______.
The radio
violence
The use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction
One of the most recognized protests took place during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico, when _____________ raised their fists on the podium protesting racial injustice in America.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos
According to Woods (2016) traditional masculinity is often rooted in bravery, willingness to risk bodily harm, toughness, and personal aggressivenes True False
True
If you wished to analyze a situation based on economic power imbalances, you could use a conflict perspective. True False
True
In American professional leagues revenues from ticket sales pale in comparison to tv rights revenues. True False
True
The NFL divides most of its revenues evenly through all the teams in the league. True False
True
The first to file an official complaint to the police against Larry Nassar was Rachel Denhollander, a former amateur gymnast from Kentucky and a lawyer. True False
True
aggresion
Verbal or physical actions grounded in an intent to dominate, control or do harm to another person
The governing body that is responsible for the detection and prevention of doping in sports is ________.
WADA
intimidation
Words, gestures, and actions that threaten violence or aggression
underconformity
a rejection of norms or ignorance about their existence, can lead to anarchy.
Quasi-criminal violence
actions that violate the formal rules of the game, public laws, and even informal norms among players
According to the _________________ theory, the media have power in their ability to shape the discussion of public events.
agenda setting
According to the ______ "the media do not tell people what to think, they tell people what to think about".
agenda setting theory
In the NCAA, Division I - FBS, which of the following women sports generates net profits (revenues are higher than expenses)?
all women's sports are losing money in college sports
________ is exhibited by people who starve themselves in order to achieve what they perceive as an ideal body weight.
anorexia
societal analysis
applies social theories
Substantial Proportionality test
are participant numbers proportional to the number of the student-body enrollment?
According to Woods (2016), many _____________ athletes come to the United States already highly educated and established in the middle or upper class.
asian americans
Interviews
asking individuals or small groups, very in depth but time consuming
FBS
athletic departments that have large investments in football
content analysis
collecting info or pics from media and assigning themes
Ex: not paying college football players.
conflict theory
EX: coaches may think athletes must play certain positions based on their race.
critical theory
Anabolic steroids and stimulants are types of ________.
doping
conflict theory
economic interest shape the world and sport -Focuses on forces that produce instability, disruption, and disorganization. Weakness: relies heavily on economics
1979
espn
T or F: According to Woods (2016), play and games differ, but every sport is also considered work.
false
T or F: Aggression is an emotion
false
T or F: All forms of violence in sports are against the rules and illegal.
false
T or F: Most DIII schools are big public universities.
false
T or F: The final stage of a marketing process is a SWOT analysis.
false
T or F: The social class and socio-economic status does not have an impact on sports participation and choices of sports.
false
EX: media focus on male sport can teach society to undervalue female sport.
feminist theory
If you wanted to write a paper based on research indicating that males receive 90 percent of the sport media's attention, which theory would make the most sense for you to use?
feminist theory
Example: Analyzes how athletes of different ages view sport involvement
figurational theory
cultivation theory
impact of a repeating message on the consumers reality perception and beliefs
agenda setting deals with what is ____ while framing deals with the ______
important, issues
EX: consider needs of youth athletes in defining youth sport structure.
interactionist theory
1990
internet, always available
best athlete of the 20th century
jim thorpe
NCAA D3
most members, mostly private universities, no scholarships
Lacrosse is a sport that was created by
native americans
sports in 19th century
newspapers, print press, sports coverage
ethnography
notes obtained by personal observation and immersion in an environment or group, provides an insider view, but can be costly and time intensive
NCAA D1
offers most scholarships
According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development of youth athletes differentiating between right and wrong based on punishment or reward are in the ____________.
preconventional level
Which of the following components is not a required characteristic of sport?
professionalization
in 2006 NCAA issued a policy against
racial mascots
billie jean king
tennis player
agenda setting
the media does not tell people what to think, but what to think about. lippman's public opinion 1922- mass media connected events to images in peoples minds. The media tells you what to think about; what is important at this time.
The 1920s and the 1930s were the golden age of ______.
the radio
T or F: A social class is a defined category of people who share a similar position in society based on their socioeconomic level.
true
T or F: Every female sports team loses money
true
T or F: Girls participation in high school sports has grown from 294,105 in 1971 to 3,172,637 in 2009.
true
T or F: If you wished to analyze a situation based on economic power imbalances, you could use a conflict perspective.
true
T or F: The NFL divides most of its revenues evenly through all the teams in the league.
true
T or F: The first to file an official complaint to the police against Larry Nassar was Rachel Denhollander, a former amateur gymnast from Kentucky and a lawyer.
true
T or F: female participation in college sports has grown from 30,000 in 1977 to more than 180,000 in 2010.
true
T or F: higher number of women than men won for America in Rio/ London olympics
true
T or F: Girls and women comprise nearly 40% of interscholastic and intercollegiate sport participation
ture
1950's
tv coverage, visual coverage, tv rights
overconformity
uncritical acceptance of norms and a failure to recognize any limits following the norms, can lead to fascism.
NCAA DII
very few scholarships
Teaching children sound fundamentals and basic strategy is part of the requirements of a good coach in ______.
youth sport
1st wave: 1900-1945
-International recognition -Historical influences: Nationalism, Imperialism, World Wars -Significant athletes: Joe Lewis, Jesse Owens
Teaching children sound fundamentals and basic strategy is part of the requirements of a good coach in ______.
Youth Sports
historical analysis
examining primary documents, interviewing primary sources and experts, and analyzing historians' interpretations Pros: Examines sport trends over time; can make comparisons with society at large Con: Addresses only large societal trends
T or F: According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development people in the highest stage of moral reasoning see the law and order as the most important social conventions.
false
what are the two sports that generate money in college
football, basketball
EX: little league baseball teaches teamwork and fair play.
functionalist theory
Which theory would agree that sport reinforces society's value system?
functionalist theory
conventional 9-20
good girl/boy, law and order
weakness of functionalist theory
overemphasizes positive consequences of sport and downplays disenfranchised populations
preconventional 0-9
punishment and obedience, pleasure or pain
Jackie Robinson is one of the most significant athletes in the ______ wave of black athlete's activism, as through this wave focused on acquiring political access and positional diversity.
2nd
FCS offers ___ scholarships for football players
63
FBS offers ___ scholarships for football players
85
Which of the following is an example of off-the field violence? A hard tackle in football A fist fighting in hockey A college athlete sexually assaults a student in a party Intentional foul in basketball
A college athlete sexually assaults a student in a party
The "Battle of the Sexes" refers to ________.
A tennis game in which Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs
Which of the following is not true about aggression? Aggression is forceful action of attack. Aggression is intentional Aggression is directed towards another person. Aggression is an emotion
Aggression is an emotion
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Some sports require a certain amount of violence. Hooliganism is a type of violence especially applied to sports fans. All forms of violence in sports are against the rules and illegal. An example of borderline violence is fist fighting in hockey.
All forms of violence in sports are against the rules and illegal.
Which of the following is best explained through the framing theory? Because fans believe themselves to be part of a group even when they are not active in an organized group, many Americans watch the US Women National Team (USWNT) in the FIFA Women's World Cup. Black athletes feeling that historically they have been portrayed by the media as physically talented while their white teammates are portrayed as smart and strategic. Heavy viewers of television sports containing violent content would see the television portrayals of sports as a perception of actual reality. None of the above.
Black athletes feeling that historically they have been portrayed by the media as physically talented while their white teammates are portrayed as smart and strategic.
Anabolic steroids and stimulants are types of ________.
Doping
figurational theory
Emphasizes people's connections and interdependence - Examines historical changes of networks of people over time - Weaknesses: Reduces the urgency for change
According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development people in the highest stage of moral reasoning see the law and order as the most important social conventions. True False
False
According to Woods (2016), play and games differ, but every sport is also considered work True False
False
If you wanted to write a paper based on research indicating that males receive 90 percent of the sport media's attention, which perspective would make the most sense for you to use? Feminist theory Functionalist theory Interactionist theory Conflict theory
Feminist theory
interactionist theory
Focuses on social interactions and relationships (bottom-up approach). - Assumes choices are deliberate, conscious, and based on their effect on self and others. -focuses on the individual instead of
Most NCAA schools with big football programs are part of ________.
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
Which theory would agree that sport reinforces society's value system? Functionalist theory Conflict theory Interactionist theory Critical theory
Functionalist theory
According to chapter 1, ________ is a free activity involving exploration that can take place anywhere, follows no firm rules and the only important outcome is pleasure
Play
According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development of youth athletes differentiating between right and wrong based on punishment or reward are in the ____________.
Preconventional level
Which of the following components is not a required characteristic of sport? Professionalism Having a governing institution Competition
Professionalism
Which of the following is not one of the marketing strategy (the 4 Ps)? Professionalism Place Price Promotion
Professionalism
survey research
Pros: quickly collects much data for trend analysis, random sampling permits generalization to larger population Cons: relies on self-reports, may not account for personal differences, may mislead if data are not discreet enough.
Dividing the market into different groups of potential consumers is called________.
Segmentation
critical theory
Studies the power or authority that a group wields over others (hegemony) -Sport does not simply mirror society but can change beliefs and relationships - Weaknesses: can be confusing
Black athletes feeling that historically they have been portrayed by the media as physically talented while their white teammates are portrayed as smart and strategic. ___ theory
framing theory explained
_______ was a Native American athlete and one of the most important athletes in the first part of the 20th century, winning Olympic gold medals, playing baseball and being the first president of the league that will become the NFL.
jim thorpe
sports marketing process
planning: mission and vision, swot analysis implementation: STP, marketing mix evaluation: tracking, evaluating, and modifying
1920's
radio, live coverage
Self-categorization theory
see themselves as an individual and part of a group, being apart of group is important, shared belifes
postconventional 20+
social contract, principled conscience
21st century
social media and streaming, direct interactions
