Quizzes, Unit 7

___ is often measured as a measure of salinity.

Chloride

___ is the process of removing salt from ocean water.

Desalination

_____ countries generally have high standards and regulations for water quality.

Developed

___ irrigation uses less water.

Drip

___ is a measure of possible disease in water

Fecal coliform

__ aquifers receive little to no recharge.

Fossil

Industries can use less water by ___.

recycling wastewater

Groundwater is a _____ resource.

renewable

If trees in the ___ are removed, water temperatures can increase in streams.

riparian zone

Soil erosion leads to an increase of ___ pollution in water.

suspended solids

According to the WHO, 1 out of ______ people are affected by water scarcity

3

Of all the water that falls as precipitation ___% is quickly evaporated or taken up by trees and other plants.

50

Since 1900, _____% of the earth's wetlands have been lost.

50

People are currently using _____ % of all the accessible fresh water contained in rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers.

54

In developing countries, _____% of industrial wastes are dumped directly into the water without being treated.

70

Approximately ___% of trash in the ocean originally came from land.

80

What percentage of water can be lost to evaporation from overhead sprinklers?

80%

Approximately ___% of oil spills come from human activities.

85

______ is the number-one way people use fresh water.

Agriculture

___ uses the process of diffusion through a membrane to desalinate water.

Reverse osmosis

Clean Water Act Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act Safe Drinking Water Act Water Quality Act

This law was passed with the goal of making all surface water from natural sources safe for swimming and fishing by 1983. It banned point-source pollution in surface water after 1985. The act also required that metals be removed from wastewater. Originally passed in 1972 and amended in 1988, this legislation allows the EPA to control toxic waste and sewage dumping in U.S. waters. The SWA, passed in 1975 and amended in 1996, centers around protecting both surface water and groundwater from pollution. This legislation promotes science-based standards for water quality. It also increases the public's right to know what is in their water, as well as providing money and assistance to improve infrastructure for water systems. This legislation supports state and local regions in cleaning polluted runoff. It provides money (on loan) for communities to build new wastewater treatment plants, as well as money to protect estuaries.

_____ is the lack of clean or available water resources to meet water usage demands in a region.

Water scarcity

parameter siltation synergy

a measurable factor to describe something the settling of very small particles such as silt and clay a relationship when two or more things work together for a greater effect as a whole than by themselves

reservoir watershed

a natural or artificial place to store water a region that drains into a certain water body

If two people share ___, then one can deplete his neighbor's water by withdrawing too much water from his own well.

an aquifer

A tourist stepping on coral can cause ___.

coral bleaching

Algae blooms are most often caused by ___.

cultural eutrophication

Select the solutions for increasing freshwater availability. Select all that apply.

desalination transporting water building infrastructure

Many other parameters are measured based on their effect on which parameter?

dissolved oxygen

biodegradable cultural eutrophication eutrophication wastewater

materials that can be broken down by living organisms into different chemical compounds eutrophication caused by human activities the result of excess nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem, which causes excess plant and algae growth water that contains the waste from homes and industries

Contaminated runoff entering a stream is an example of ___.

nonpoint-source pollution

Fossil water is a _____ resource.

nonrenewable

Which parameter greatly affects the toxicity level of other parameters?

pH

An industry piping contaminated water directly in the ocean is an example of ___.

point-source pollution

Water scarcity is highly linked to __

poverty

permeability porosity recharge unconfined aquifer

the measure of how well water can move through the pores in a substance a measure of how many holes are in a substance water added to aquifers through precipitation an aquifer in which the water infiltrates the ground directly above the aquifer

bioremediation coral bleaching photodegradation sedimentation

the process of introducing bacteria and other living organisms that essentially eat oil, helping it break down faster the result of algae that live on coral being damaged or destroyed the process of the sun breaking down plastics into smaller pieces the settling of materials at the bottom of a liquid

Hot industrial wastewater is a type of ___ pollution

thermal

Too much ___ can lead to a decrease in photosynthesis in aquatic life.

turbidity

A(n) ___ aquifer is most easily polluted.

unconfined

A(n) ___ aquifer is most easily recharged.

unconfined

aquifer confined aquifer fossil water groundwater

underground rocks and formations that are able to hold groundwater an aquifer with a surface that keeps water from infiltrating, so the water must enter the aquifer at a point farther away water trapped in ancient aquifers formed 12,000 years or more ago water that has infiltrated below the ground

The amount of water it took to grow the wheat in a sack of grain is known as ___.

virtual water

The usable fresh water people need is found in ____.

watersheds