Quizzes up to test 1 blood bank

What is a lectin? a. A protein produced from immunized rabbits and cloned for specificity b. A foreign protein that will elicit an immune response in most individuals c. Seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with moderate specificity d. A substance that will agglutinate sensitized cells in the presence of complement

c. Seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with moderate specificity

A father carries the Xg^a trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but non of his sons. What type of inheritance does this represent? A. autosomal dominant B. X-linked dominant C. X-linked recessive D. Autosomal recessive

c. X-linked recessive

13. Which population has the greatest frequency of the Fy(a-b-) phenotype? a. White b. Asian c. Black d. Native American

c. black

22. Anti-Jka was identified in a previously transfused patient. Five cells that were homozygous for Jka yielded 2+ reactions in the AHG phase. The same cells were treated with ficin and yielded 3+ reactions in AHG. Therefore, Jka is _________ by enzyme treatment. a. destroyed b. unaffected c. enhanced d. none of the above

c. enhanced

The ABO group antibodies are primarily: a. alloantibodies b. autoantibodies c. naturally occurring d. drug induced

c. naturally occurring

14. Enzymes destroy the antigens of which of the following blood groups? a. N b. M c. Fya d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The forward grouping of a patient showed no agglutination of patient cells with anti-A, anti-B, or anti-AB reagent antisera. The reverse grouping showed agglutination with A1 and B cells. What is this person's ABO group? a. A b. B c. AB d. O

d. O

Which blood group contains the highest concentration of H antigen? a. A2 b. B c. AB d. O

d. O

10. All of the following are characteristics of Duffy antibodies except: a. they are IgG in nature. b. they are destroyed by enzymes. c. they may or may not show dosage d. they are not implicated in HDN.

d. they are not implicated in HDN.

At what temperature do IgM antibodies react? A. 22 degrees celcius B. 37 degrees celcius C. 56 degrees celcius D. 42 degrees celcius

A. 22 degrees celcius

Which of the following are produced after exposure to genetically different non-self antigens of the same species? A. alloantibodies B. autoantibodies C. Drug-induced antibodies D. all of the above

A. Alloantibodies

A gene, such as the O gene, That produces no detectable product is called: A. an Amorph B. a trait C. an allele D. Recessive

A. An amorph

Persons who phenotype as Fy(a-b-) are resistant to infection by which organism? a. Plasmodium falciparum c. Plasmodium ovale b. Plasmodium vivax d. Plasmodium malariae

B plasmodium vivax

What is the definition of an immunoglobulin? A. A protein molecule produced in response to an antibody B. A protein molecule produced in response to an antigen C. A substance that aids in the primary immune response D. A substance that aids in the growth and proliferation of leukocytes

B. A protein molecule produced in response to an antigen.

Which antigen is represents Rh3 in Rosenfield terminology? a. D b. E c. C d. e

B. E

In an immune response, __________ antibodies are formed before ____________. A. IgG, IgA B. IgM, IgG C. IgG, IgM D. IgM, IgA

B. IgM, IgG

What protocol is put in place to validate Rh testing when high -protein reagents are used, especially when the patient types as an AB-positive? A. Wash cells before testing b. Run a control with Rh test c. Add LISS to test system d. Use only saline reactive anti-D

B. Run a control with Rh test

When antigen and antibody combine, they are held together by noncovalent forces. With the absence of a visible lattice this stage is called _____________. A. Adhesion B. Sensitization C. agglutination D. inhibition

B. Sensitization

Which of the following statements regarding anti-LW is true? a. anti-LW reacts poorly with cord cells b. Anti-LW reacts stronger with Rh positive cells than with Rh negative cells c. Rh-null individuals lack the LW gene d. The gene coding for LW is located on the same chromosome as the Rh genes.

B. The anti-LW reacts stronger with Rh positive cells than with Rh-negative cells

What is the basis of Rosenfield Rh terminology? A. Each gene produces one product or antigen. B. The positive or negative sign demonstrates the presence or absence of antigen on a RBC C. The Rh gene produces at least three factor within an agglutinogen. D.The Rh gene produces at least five factors within an agglutinogen

B. The positive or negative sign demonstrates the presence or absence of antigen on a RBC

The biochemical structure of the Rh antigens is a nonglycosylated protein meaning: a. lipids are not attached to protein structure b. Carbohydrates are not attached to protein structure c. glucose is attached to protein d. Glycerol is attached to protein

B. carbohydrates are not attached to protein structure

Most antigens in the various blood group systems follow what kind of inheritance patterns? A. homozygous B. Codominant C. Dominant D. Autosomal

B. codominant

What does r' refer to in the weiner nomenclature? a. dce b. dCe c. DcE d. DCE

B. dCe

What is the biochemical structure of secreted A, B and H substances? a. Glycolipids b. glycoprotein c. sphingolipid d. ceramide

B. glycoprotein

Which of the following reagents or methods is best for categorizing partial D types? a. Saline based Anti-D b. High protein anti-D c. A combination of serological typing and molecular analysis d. Monoclonal anti-D reagents

C. A combination of serological typing and molecular analysis.

Which of the following is not characteristic of antibodies within the ABO system? a. antibodies are of IgM class. b. antibodies are naturally occurring c. ABO antibodies do not activate complement d. ABO antibodies may cause immediate intravascular hemolysis

C. ABO antibodies do no activate compliment

Which immunoglobulin is found in greatest concentration in serum? A. IgE B. IgM C. IgG D. IgA

C. IgG

Anti-A from a group B individual is primarily what class of immunoglobulin? A. IgA B. IgG C. IgM D. all of the above

C. IgM

In an immune response what is the time called during which no antibody is detected in the test serum? A. Secondary response time B. Primary response time C. Latency period D. Amnestic response time

C. Latency period

In the MN group system a person who inherits an M allele and an N allele expresses both M and N antigens on the RBC. Which of the following is true? a. M is dominant to N b. N is dominant to M c. M and N are codominant alleles d. M and N are on the same chromosome

C. M and N are codominant alleles

Of the three following categories of altered D antigen, In which variation of the D antigen expression are you more likely to encounter an Allo-anti-D? a. C in Trans to RhD b. Weak D c. Partial D d. none of the above

C. Partial D

When an individual is said to have blood group A, it refers to the individual's: A. alleles on the chromosome B. genotype C. Phenotype D. Haplotype

C. Phenotype

What is the principle of the Rh-Hr (weiner) terminology? a. The Rh gene produces at least three factors within an agglutinogen. b. Each gene ( D,C, c, E, d) produces one product or antigen c. The Rh gene produces at least three factors within an agglutinin d. Each gene is independent of the others.

C. The Rh gene produces at least three factors within an agglutinin

Why is reverse grouping not performed on cord blood specimens? a. Antigens are not present at birth b. antibodies are generally not present at birth c. antibody titer is too high d. Antigens are too weak

b. antibodies are generally not present at birth

Forward grouping is defined as: a. detecting antibody on an individual's red blood cells via reagent antisera b. detecting antigen on an individual's RBCs via reagent antisera c. detecting ABO group antibody via reagent RBCs d. detecting ABO group antigen via reagent RBCs

b. detecting antigen on an individual's RBCs via reagent antisera

12. At birth, infant cells are rich in ______, and ______ is nearly undetectable. a. I/i b. i/I c. I/H d. H/i

b. i/I

7. All of the following are characteristics of Kidd antibodies except: a. IgG immunoglobulins. b. naturally occurring. c. ability to bind complement d. exhibit dosage.

b. naturally occurring.

Two drops of serum are added to one drop of A1 cells and two drops are added to one drop of B cells; the two tubes are centrifuged. The tubes show reactivity when read macroscopically. This is an example of: a. Forward grouping b. reverse grouping c. antibody screen d. crossmatch

b. reverse grouping

If an individual with a partial D expression is tranfused with a normal Rh positive unit of blood, a likely result will be: a. The patient will develop an anti-D antibody b. the patient will form an antibody to the portion of RhD protein they are missing c. The patient will have an acute htr d. The patient will experience no consequence of receiving Rh-positive blood

b. the patient will form an antibody to the portion of RhD protein they are missing

Antibody titers specific to antigens for the ABO system are typically highest: a. When a patient is a newborn b. when a patient is 10 years old c. When a patient is around 30 d. When the patient is around 60 years old

b. when a patient is 10 years old

Approximately how many antigen sites can be found on A2 cells? a. 1 million b. 10,000 c. 260,000 d. 500,000

c. 260,000

All of the following is true regarding formation of the ABH antigens except: a. H gene inheritance is independent of ABO gene inheritance b. A, B and H antigens are formed from the same precursor material c. A type 1 structure refers to beta 1-2 linkage d. A type 2 structure refers to a beta 1-4 linkage

c. A type 1 structure refers to beta 1-2 linkage

Reverse grouping showed negative reactions with A1 and B cells. forward grouping showed positive reactions with A, B and AB antisera. What blood type is consistent with these results? a. A b. B c. AB d. O

c. AB

When a patient has Rh null syndrome what kind of packed RBCs need to be transfused? a. ABO compatible Rh positive blood b. ABO compatible with Rh negative blood c. ABO compatible with Rh null blood d. O negative PRBCs

c. ABO compatible with Rh null blood

What does the hh genotype refer to? a. Lewis b. Sid c. Bombay d. Kell

c. Bombay

23. What fatal disease is associated with the McLeod phenotype? a. Graves' disease b. Lymphoma c. Chronic granulomatous disease d. Fanconi's syndrome

c. Chronic granulomatous disease

All of the following are consisten with ISBT terminology except: a. A 6 digit number specifies each blood group antigen. b. 004 represents Rh group c. D is written as R1 d. all genes are written in bold print

c. D is written as R1

15. Which of the following is known to reduce K antigen expression in the antihuman globulin test? a. LISS c. b Albumin c. DTT d. Polyethylene glycol

c. DTT

21. What type of hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) occurs more frequently in patients with Jk antibodies? a. Febrile b. Immediate c. Delayed d. Bacterial

c. Delayed

What sample requirement is essential for identification of a Kidd antibody? a. Fresh whole blood b. Fasting sample c. Fresh serum or plasma d. Sample on ice

c. Fresh serum or plasma

11. Anti-i is found in association with what disease? a. Pneumonia b. Syphilis c. Infectious mononucleosis d. Gonorrhea

c. Infectious mononucleosis

All of the following may occur following an Rh mediated hemolytic transfusion reaction except: a. elevated fever b. increased bilirubin c. intravascular hemolysis d. positive DAT

c. Intravascular hemolysis

What immunodominant sugar is responsible for H specificity? a. D-galactose b. L-fucose c. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine d. D-glucose

c. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

25. Which blood group system is not based on carbohydrates? a. Lewis b. P c. Rh d. ABO

c. Rh

What does the Rh genotype refer to? a. Antigens detected on a red blood cell by serological methods b. Antibodies detected in serum by serological methods c. Rh genes inherited from both parents d. Rh genes inherited from the mother

c. Rh genes inherited from both parents

All of the following may cause a false negative reaction in Rh typing except: a. Omission of reagent b. immunoglobulin coating cells c. Rouleaux d. cells suspension that is too heavy

c. Rouleaux

What percentage of the type A population is A2

20%

At what temperature do IgG antibodies react optimally?

37 degrees celcius

What percentage of the white population has type O blood ?

45%

All of the following are true regarding Rh antibodies except: A. Rh antibodies can bind complement on the red blood cell membrane b. An indicidual with a low titer Rh antibody may experience a secondary immune response on antigen exposure c. Rh antibodies may cause a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction d. Red blood cell destruction is usually extravascular

A. Rh antibodies can bind complement on the red blood cell membrane

What is meant by the term autosomal? a. The trait is not carried on the sex chromosome b. Trait is carried on the sex chromosomes c. Trait is not expressed in the parent d. Organism posses different alleles for a give characteristic

A. The trait is not carried on the sex chromosome

On which chromosome are the genes that code for RH proteins, namely RHD and RHCE located? a. chromosome 1 b chromosome 19 c. chromosome 20 d. chromosome 9

A. chromosome 1

An individual of the dce/dce genotype given dCe/dce blood has an antibody response that appears to be anti-C and anti-D. The most likely explanation for this is: A. The antibody is anti-IgG b. The antibody is anti-partial D c. the antibody is anti-Cw d. There was an incorrect reading of the agglutination rxn

A. the antibody is anti-IgG

What ABO group contains the least amount of H substance? a. A1 b. A2 c. A1B d. A2B

A1B

Which ABO groups reaction will be the weakest with anti-H lectin? a. A1 b. B c. A2B d. AB

AB

A woman with blood group A marries a man with blood group O. Their first born child has blood group O. The mother's most probable genotype is:

AO

What clinical manifestation may be associated with the Rh-null syndrome? A. Reticulocytosis b. stomatocytosis c. Low hemoglobin d. All of the above

All of the above

If a group O mother gives birth to a group A baby, which of the following antibodies is usually responsible for crossing the placenta and causing hemolytic disease of the newborn? a. Anti-AB b. Anti-B c. Anti-A d. Anti-H

Anti-AB

Rh-immune globulin is effective at preventing which type of hemolytic disease of the newborn? a. Anti-C b. Anti-E c. Anti-D d. Anti-C

Anti-D

A cord blood sample was sent to the blood bank for initial typing and DAT. Cells were washed 6 times with saline before testing. The forward grouping typed as an O. there was no agglutination with anti-D and washed cord cells. The DAT was 3+ with polyspecific AHG. What is the Rh type of the baby? a. Rh-negative b. Rh-positive c. Rh type cannot be determined d. none of the above

C. the Rh type cannot be determined

How are Rh antigens inherited?

Codominant alleles

An AB male mates with an AB female. What could be the genotype of the offspring? a. AB b. AA c. BB d. All of the above

D all of the above

In order for an individual to express Leb antigen on their red blood cells, they must have inherited which gene? a. Le b. Se c. H d. All of the above

D all of the above

What immunodominant sugar is responsible for B specificity? a. D-galactose b. L-fucose c. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine d. D-glucose

D-galactose

Convert fisher-race DcE/DcE to Weiner nomenclature a. R1R1 b. r'r' c. r"r" d. R2R2

D. R2R2

Lutheran antibodies are rarely associated with causing hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) for which of the following reasons? a. Lutheran antigens are poorly developed at birth. b. Maternal Lutheran antibodies are absorbed onto glycoproteins on the placenta, decreasing the likelihood of HDN. c. Lutheran antibodies are generally IgM class and normally do not cross the placenta. d. All of the above

D. all of the above

Where are ABH substances detected in secretors? a. tears b. saliva c. milk d. all of the above

D. all of the above

Most Rh antibodies are of what immunoglobulin class? a. IgM b. IgG c. IgA d. IgE

IgG

What class of immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?

IgG

Which of the following antibodies is considered the most significant in blood banking because it reacts at body temperature? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE

IgG

Anti-A from a group B individual is primarily what class of immunoglobulin? a. IgM b. IgG c. IgA d. all of the above

IgM

Which immunoglobulin exists in a pentameric configuration? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgA D. IgE

IgM

Persons who inherit the h allele do not produce ________ transferase necessary for formation of the H structure? A. L-fucosyl B. N-acetylgalactosaminyl c. D-galactosyl d. D-glucosyl

L-Fucosyl

What does the R represent in Rh-Hr terminology ? a. Absence of D antigen b. presence of D antigen c. Presence of C antigen d. Presence of e antigen

The presence of D antigen

What are the dangers of transfusing donor Rh-negative rbcs to an Rh- positive patient?

There are no dangers this is safe

A patient who was recently diagnosed with an obstructed bowel became septic from Proteus vulgaris. Prior to surgery, a routine type and screen was performed. Though this person typed as an A two years ago, his forward type is consistent with an AB individual, albeit weaker in strength with anti-B. What is the reason for this discrepancy? a. Acquired "B" b. Technical error c. Incorrect Patient history d. Contaminated anti-A

a. Acquired "B"

What is the source of the anti-B lectin ? a. Bandeiraea simplicifolia b. Ulex europaeus c. Dilochos biflorus d. all of the above

a. Bandeiraea simplicifolia

Where is the Rh antigen located relative to the red blood cell membrane? a. Integrally b. Peripherally c. Centrally d. None of the above

a. Integrally

Anti-I is found in association with what microorganism? a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae b. Escherichia coli c. Treponema pallidum d. Proteus vulgaris

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

How are ABH antigens formed? a. production of specific glycosyltransferases add sugars to precursor substances b. Recombinant gene technology c. ABO genes code for production of antigens d. All of the above

a. production of specific glycosyltransferases add sugars to precursor substances

What is the definition of a blood group system? a .A group of antibodies produced by alleles at a single gene locus b. A group of antigens produced by alleles at a single gene locus c. A group of antibodies produced by alleles at multiple genetic loci d. A group of antigens produced by alleles at multiple genetic loci

b. A group of antigens produced by alleles at a single gene locus

16. At what phase of the antihuman globulin test will anti-Kell be detected? a. IS b. AHG c. 37°C d. All of the above

b. AHG

19. A person who inherits alleles Fya and Fyb will carry which antigens on their red blood cells? a. Only Fya antigen b. Both Fya and Fyb antigen c. Only Fyb antigen d. Neither Fya or Fyb antigen

b. Both Fya and Fyb antigen

What is the source of anti-A1 lectin? a. Banderaea simplicifolia b. Dolichos biflorus c. Ulex europaeus d. all of the above

b. Dolichos biflorus

18. When red blood cells are placed in a solution of 2M urea, the red blood cells will lyse. However, it has been shown that _____________ red blood cells are resistant to lysis? a. Jk(a+b-) b. Jk(a-b-) c. Jk(a+b+) d. Jk(a-b+)

b. Jk(a-b-)

17. Why are Lewis antibodies not generally implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn? a. Lewis antigens are well developed at birth. b. Lewis antibodies are IgM and cannot cross the placenta. c. Lewis antigens can readily dissociate from the red blood cell upon transfusion of Lewis-positive cells. d. Lewis antibodies do not bind complement.

b. Lewis antibodies are IgM and cannot cross the placenta.

20. Persons who are negative for Duffy antigens are less likely to contract which of the following diseases? a. Chicken pox b. Malaria c. Influenza d. Polio

b. Malaria

24. Serologic tests determine a person's _______. The following results were obtained with Anti-Jka (3+) and Anti-Jkb (2+): a. Genotype: Jk(a+ b+) b. Phenotype, Jk(a+ b+) c. haplotype. Jk(a+ b+) d. all of the above.

b. Phenotype, Jk(a+ b+)

Persons who express the phenotype P2 are at risk for developing anti-P1 when handling what animal species? a. Dogs b. Pigeons c. Cats d. Mice

b. Pigeons

What is the source of anti-H lectin? a. Bandeiraea simplicifolia b. Ulex europaeus c. Dolichos biflorus d. all of the above

b. Ulex europaeus