Race and Ethnics Exam

How did the United States acquire the land that today is New Mexico, California, Utah, Nevada, parts of Arizona and disputed areas of Texas?

the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Which statement best describes the racial order of the Aztec empire following spanish colonization?

High rates of miscegenation resulted in racial categories becoming blurry and numerous

While books that are often held up as classics in the US educational system such as Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn are widely regarded as being universally applicable, writing by marginalized groups such as Maya Angelou's I know why the caged bird sings is often considered:

A particular perspective

Why might immigrant women be prone to become victims of domestic violence than American born women?

A woman's risk of partner abuse increases the more isolated she is from the wider society - many abuse programs and shelters are located in nonimmigrant neighborhoods

Jasper a young black man in Chicago, low-level drug dealer - after studies what can we conclude about his income and hours?

He probably makes close or less than minimum wage, hours add up to part time

Race is often describes with reference to _______, but there is much more generic variation within ______ groups than between them.

Biological markers; traditionally-defined racial groups

In what ways did housing segregation help reinforce racial inequality in the middle of the 20th century?

Blacks had lower wages than whites but higher average rent, making it difficult to accumulate wealth

Term: Describe real estate agents who preyed upon whites fears of integration for hiring people of color to appear as if they had moved into a traditionally white neighborhood, in an attempt to get white families to sell their homes for under market value?

Blockbusting agents

Which of the following best describes how colleges and universities do affirmative action?

By selecting woman or nonwhite applicant from a pool of less-qualified applicants whose application is weaker than the rest of the pool

What was the significance of the 1676 Bacon's Rebellion?

Enslaved whites struggled hand in hand with enslaved blacks

From the end of the 19th century to the 1970s, thousands of Native Americans and African Americans, as well as people deemed mentally retarded or criminal, were sterilized against their will. This phenomenon was an example of what?

Eugenics

Which best describes the relationship between the educational policies applied to AA and American Indians during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Exclusion/reeaducation

Rual is AA, but he has many other social identities in addition to his racial identity. He is also a young, middle-class college student who identifies as bisexual. Rather than thinking of any particular racial group as a monolithic category, scholars who take an intersectional approach pay attention to:

How multiple dimensions in individual lives intersect

President Barak Obama is often referred to as the nation's first black president, not as the nation's first biracial president. What does this tell us about racial categories in the United States?

In the eyes of many, blackness remains a totalizing racial category

The H-2A guest worker program brings tens of thousands of people to the United States to work in manual labor sectors. But because these workers are bound to the companies that request them, some critics have called this practice an example of modern day _______

Indentured servitude

Efforts to correct the white racial bias built in SAT tests is an example of an attempt at change on the ______ level

Institutional

According to the textbook authors, why might urban and suburban Americans be so quick to stereotype all rural, white americans as intolerant and racist zealots?

It prevents them from having to face their own racist attitudes

Consider senario: A qualified applicant is rejected from a top university because the spot was reserved for another type of student. What is the most likely reason the seat was reserved for the second applicant?

Legal admit

How did the white public justify the existence of lynch mobs?

Lynch mobs supposedly kept white women safe from black male rapists

Which of the following findings of the Detroit Area Survey?

Majority of black respondents said their ideal neighborhood was 50% black and 50% white while 84% of white respondents said they would not enter such a neighborhood

An elementary school that recognizes holidays of various groups during the fall and into winter by having children make crafts relating to the Islamic celebration of Eid al-Adha, the christian celebration of christmas, the jewish celebrations of Hanukkah and the American civic celebration of thanksgiving is most likely adopting which of the following frameworks?

Multiculturalism

Which of the following statements about institutional racism and interpersonal racism is accurate?

Neither institutional nor interpersonal racism

What does chapter 5 identify as a "new tactic of white fight"?

Passing english-only ordinances

Example of Bruce Western calls "deterrence"?

Person who refrains from stealing dress when realizes the consequences if caught

Which features of affirmative action do most Americans overestimate?

Prevalence and power

Author Michelle Alexander recently coined the term "the new Jim Crow" to discuss the rapid rise of mass incarceration among the black population in the United States. What might Jim Crow and mass incarceration have in common?

Prisons of Jim Crow laws are both dramatic examples of segregation

If a compus fraternity presented itself as a white supremacy group:

Proponents of multiculturalism would be presented with an ideological challenge in such scenario because of the intention by multiculturalists to see value in en every perspective

Textbook writes describing the penning of the declaration of Indeprendence without acknoledging the influence of the governance of the Iroquois Nation is one example of what?

Racial dominanation

According to Bruce Western, what are 3 ways prisons might reduce crime?

Rehabilitation, incapacitation and deterrence

Why are native American reservations often the target of environmental racism, such as locations for dump sites and mining operations?

Reservations are not subject to state regulations about dumping

Which of the following represents a symbolic cost of segregation?

Segregation creates the appearance that racial divisions are real, natural, and unchanging.

A realtor that shows an upper-class black family homes in only black neighborhoods is guilty of what practice?

Steering

In a research experiment teachers were asked to examine the definitions students attached to words to evaluate verbal skills. Researchers did not vary the definitions but did vary the race of students. Outcome?

Teachers gave lower grades to black students

As Micheal Tonry writes in Malign Neglect, "Through the 20th century in periods of high intolerance of drug use, minority group stereotypes have been associated with deviant drug use" Example?

The association of the Chinese with opium dens during the early twentieth century

During the 1st republican debate of the 2016 election season presidental candidate Ben Carson said "when I take someone to the operating room, I'm actually operating on the thing that makes them who they are. The skin doesn't make them who the are" His statement reflects:

The color-blind thinking that is central to much of American racial disclosure today

What were the aims of US government relocation programs targeted at Native Americans following WWII?

The government wanted to move Native American to urban centers to advance assimilation and tribal dissolution

What is the 80/20 phenomenon?

The idea that roughly 80% of social change is brought about by 20% of the population

The influence of race and economic class is predicting the probability of serving time in prison is best illustrated by:

The increased probability that a black man born after the Civil Rights Movement who later dropped out of high school would end up incarcerated at some point in his lifetime.

Jeremy who is white has been thinking about how he teases his friend Lee, who is asian, about being good at math. Jeremy has recently come to realize that by making such claims, he is using a stereotype and has determined to stop making such jokes. this is a type of personal change is a result of:

The openness of Jeremy to deliberate reflection and self-criticism about his actions

Two political commentators are debating the merits of affirmative action. One commentator argues that affirmative action should be eliminated now that there's "an even playing field" for everyone. The other commentator replies "the fact that people who live in the white suburbs have advantages over blacks and locations in the city, just like they have advantages over poor people more generally." The second commentators argument against ending affirmative action is responding to which of the following tendencies of colorblindness?

The tendency of color-blindness to minimize the importance of the historical legacies of race-based structural inequalities

What is one reason sociologists believe immigrants may commit less crime?

Their neighborhoods often have codes of informal social control

What usually happens to the very small number of qualified white and asian applicants who are denied admission to a particular university due to affirmative action policies?

They are more at risk for drug abuse and incarceration

What does Massey's spatial assimilation thesis say about ethnic enclaves?

They are used by new immigrants to get economically established and improve their English skills before moving to a place with a higher standard of living

Sometimes speakers invoke examples of individuals- Madame C.J Walker, Oprah Winfrey, or Barak Obama - to suggest that if these individuals were able to triumph over racial barriers, the path is clear for everyone. What type of fallacy best describes such thinking?

Tokenistic fallacy

Comparing white collar and violent street crime we conclude:

White collar crimes potentially damage society as much or more than violent street crimes because they cost society billions per year and can result in more deaths and injuries

Boarding schools that attempted to strip Native Americans of their culture and tradition by requiring them to speak English can be considered an example of what type of infliction brought by colonialism?

an infliction of their spirits

White of the following best describes the legal strategy of the National Association for the Adancement of Colored People (NAACP) campaign to end school segregation?

challenged that segregated schools were in fact not equal

How did plantation owners strive to convince poor whites to overlook how they were exploited by the slave economy?

convincing poor white families to take pride in their whiteness

Using the practice of affirmative action under the integrative model means:

the institutions achieve racial democracy by allowing worthy and qualified people of all races the chance for meaningful participation

Which mindset came to greatly influence how the English would come to view indigenous people in the Americas?

the perception of the Irish as savages in need of correction