Rad Biology
The process by which somatic cells proliferate is termed :a. mitosis b. osmosis c. metabolic synthesis d. enuresis
:a. mitosis
when chromosomes break and two pieces lacking centromeres "find each other " and combine together it is referred to as a (n) _______________fragment
Acentric
Which is the most abundant constituent of protoplasm Selected Answer:d. water Answers:a. protein b. sodium c. potassium d. water
Answer:d. water
The epiglottis begins at the level of a. C3 b. C5 c. C4 d. C2
C 3
What is another name for the tracheal bifurcation
Carina T5
Who first argued that fractionation was the best way to give radiation for cancr treatments (in the 1920s)
Claude Reugard
Ancel and Vitemberger and Bergonie and Tribondeau were referring to alpha and beta radiation when discussing cell sensitivity to radiation; their rules do not apply to x-rays and gamma rays True False
False
Based on the laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau, cells that do not divide are radiosensitive True False
False
Beta particles have lower LET than gamma True False
False
Carbohydrates are the building blocks of cells True False
False
Carbohydrates contain enzymes True False
False
Clarence Dally chronicled his hands and body while repeatedly being exposed to radiaiton in hopes that his hournal of data would further the field of radiobiology after his death True False
False
Equal doses of different types of ionizing radiation produce equal biologic effect True False
False
The end result of radiolysis that damages the cell is usually damage to the organelles within the cytoplasm Answers: True False
False
When translocations occur in gametes, they have potential negative consequence to the individual only True False
False
What is Clarence Dailly's contribution to radiobiology
First US death due to radiation
what is the critical endpoint of the TMJ and mandible
Marked limitation of joint function
If a single chromosome breaks twice, one on each arm, what is likely to occur to the piece containing the centromere (assuming no other chromosomes break in the cell, and the chromosome does not repair properly)?
Ring Chromosome
What cell cycle phase is the most radioresistant
S phase
Alpha radiation can be stopped with a piece of paper True False
True
Ancel and Vitemberger claimed that all cells are equally sensitive to radiation, they just show damage when dividing True False
True
Germ cells are radiosensitive True False
True
In looking at the basic interactions of radiation, it is important to know that when in biological , radiation may or may not interact True False
True
Radiation simply increases the incidence of the same mutations that occur spontaneously; it does not mproduce new mutations True False
True
Radiation simply increases the incidence of the same mutations that occur spontaneously; it does not produce new mutations True False
True
X-rays tend to have more single strand breaks than they do double strand breaks True False
True
According to the Emami et. al TD 5/5 , what is the TD 5/5 of 1/3 of the brainstem Answers: b. 55 Gy c. 50 Gy d. 45 Gy
a. none of the options 1/3 of the brainstem 60 Gy
Which researcher died due to the cumulative effects of radiation a. Clarence Dally b. Thomas Edison c. Marie Curie d. Wilhelm Roentgen
a. Clarence Dally
The most likely altered molecule when the human body is exposed to ionization radiation is a. H2O b. ATP c. HCL d. DNA
a. H2O
Who was the first to discover ionizing radiation from the atom's nucleus a. Marie Curie b. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen c. HJ Muller d. Clarence Dally
a. Marie Curie
The ____________is the unit of exposure in air a. Roentgen b. rad c. rem d. Becquerel
a. Roentgen
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? :a. adenine b. thymine c. cytosine d. uracil
a. adenine
On the cellular level, the DNA is utimately responsible for _____________ Selected Answer:d. producing duplicates Answers:a. directing cellular activity b. transferring information from messenger RNA c. carrying amino acid groups to ribose for protein synthesis d. producing duplicates
a. directing cellular activity
According to the target theory, which of the following is the next most resistant theory :a. multiple target, single hit b. multiple target, multiple hit c. single target, multiple hit d. single target, single hit
a. multiple target, single hit
Which of the following terms describes the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen following exposure to radiaiton Answers:a. radiolysis b. radioactivity c. duplication d. ionization
a. radiolysis
Explain, in your own words, in what way Ancel and Vetemberger modified Bergonie and Tribondeau's law (this question is worth two points)
all cells affected by radiation . cells don't immediately die they get damaged. damage doesn't show until cell divides
in what time period did the concept of fractionation develop :a.1895-1900 b. 1920s-1930s c.1800s d.1950s-1970s
b. 1920s-1930s
The nucleolus in particular contains which of the following Answers:a. amino acids b. DNA c. lipids d. proteins
b. DNA
Who chronicled his hands and body while repeatedly being exposed to radiation, in hopes that the data would further the field of radiobiology after his death? a. Paul Ancel b. Mihran Kassabian c. Thomas Edison d. Jean Bergonie
b. Mihran Kassabian
Based on the laws of Beronie and Tribondeau, ionizing radiation is more effective against cells that are a. not actively mitotic and undifferentiated and have long mitotic future b. actively mitotic and undifferentiated and have long mitotic future c. actively mitotic and differentiated and have short mitotic future d. actively mitotic and differentiated and have long mitotic future
b. actively mitotic and undifferentiated and have long mitotic future
According to the target theory, which is the most resistant a. multiple target, single hit b. multiple target, multiple hit c. single target, multiple hit d. single target, single hit
b. multiple target, multiple hit
According to the Emami et. al TD 5/5, what is the critical end point or exceeding the TD 5/5 of the brain a. ulceration b. necrosis c. atrophy d. none of the choices
b. necrosis brain : 1/3 - 60 2/3 - 50 3/3 - 45
The ___________________is the unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure Answers:a. Roentgen b. rem c. rad d. erythema
b. rem
Which is more inferior a thyroid b. tracheal bifurcation c. larynx d. aortic arch
b. tracheal bifurcation T5
a dose of protons will have a higher relative biological effectiveness than gamma rays Selected Answer:a. Na; they are not related Answers:a. Na; they are not related b. yes c. cannot be determined with the information given d. no
b. yes
Which researcher discovered mutations related to exposure and ionizing radiation Answers:a. Roentgen b. Curie c. Muller d. Becquerel
c. Muller
Which macromolecule is most radiosensitive :a. lipids b. carbohydrates c. nucleic acids d. proteins
c. nucleic acids
The property of gamma rays that account for their harmful effect on biological systems is their ability yp Selected Answer:b.cause ionization in the cells Answers:a.increase the atomic number of the atoms b.cause ionization in the cells c. produce unstable nuclides d. scatter in only one direction
cause ionization in the cells
According to the Emami et. al TD 5/5 , what is the TD 5/5 of 1/3 of the TMJ and mandible Selected Answer:d.65 Gy Answers:a. 60 Gy b. none of the choices c. 6.5 Gy d. 65 Gy
d. 65 Gy
Which is not at the level of the occipital protuberance a. frontal sinus b. maxillary sinus c. frontal sinus d. cerebrum
d. cerebrum vertex level
As LET increases, RBE : :a. remains the same b. cannot answer; not given enough information c. decreases d. increases
d. increases
When an electron combines with a water molecule in radiolysis to formed a. free radical b. a compound element c. water molecule d. ion
d. ion
The chief function of carbohydrates in the body is to :a. provide defense mechanism against infection and disease b. assist in maintaining body temperature c. provide structure and support d. provide fuel for cell metabolism
d. provide fuel for cell metabolism
