Radiology

With the bisecting angle technique, the central beam is aimed perpendicular to which of the following imaginary lines?

An imaginary line dividing the tooth's axis and film in half

Maxillary molars are easy to identify by their two-legged appearance and the presence of a "crotch" between the roots.

False

The paralleling technique requires that the film and long axis of the tooth be perpendicular to each other with the central ray parallel to the film.

False

A lead apron and a thyroid collar

Must be used on all patients for all exposures

The dentist who is credited making the first dental radiograph in 1895 is:

Otto Walkhoff

Incorrect horizontal angulation of the PID results in:

Overlapped contact areas

How does the x-ray beam that emerges from the tubehead differ between panoramic radiography equipment and standard equipment?

The panoramic beam is in the form of a thin ribbon

Which statement best describes the Frankfort plane?

The plane extends from the ear canal to the base of the orbit.

Which of the following is an advantage of digital radiographs?

They result in less radiation for the patient.

Ms. Smith's maxillary periapical radiographs show the teeth as short and squat. What is a likely cause of this?

Too steep vertical angulation

Dental images are the property of the:

dentist

One reason for a lighter than normal radiograph is the:

developer solution is too weak

Each of the following is true about digitizing film-based radiographic images except

digitized film-based images cannot be enhanced by computer software

Insufficient vertical angulation can result in an image that is:

elongated

Inadequate vertical angulation when using the bisecting technique to take a periapical radiograph results in what type of error?

elongation

The component of the x-ray machine that functions in positioning the tubehead is the:

extension arm

A good technique for reducing the radiation exposure to both patient and operator is the use of

fast film or digital imaging

To minimize image distortion, the:

film must be positioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth

The location where x-rays are produced in the x-ray tube is called the:

focal spot

What term is used to describe the curved area located between the film and the tubehead that provides the most focused image?

focal trough

A plastic or metal film cassette holds and protects the extraoral film. During exposure, the side of the cassette must face the patient is the _____ side.

front

Once films are removed from the mouth, they are considered contaminated and should be

handled only with gloved hands

Radiographic images on an edentulous patient might be required for the detection of:

retained root tips, impacted teeth, and lesions.

The molar bitewing image should be centered over the:

second molar

Digital radiography requires less radiation than traditional radiography because the:

sensor is more sensitive to x-ray energy

In dentistry, the ___________ the wavelengths of the x-rays, the greater their energy and their usefulness.

shorter

All of the following are true statements about phosphor storage plate (PSP) imaging system imaging plates except they:

should be autoclaved

When using a #2 film sensor for anterior views using the paralleling technique, the number of anterior images taken is:

six

The presence of which structure behind the last molar positively identifies the arch as the maxilla?

tuberosity

Which of the following should not be captured in a mandibular molar periapical?

tuberosity

One technique for the management of the patient with an uncontrollable gag reflex is to:

use extraoral images

One reason the bisecting technique is used is:

when patients have small mouths or low palatal vaults

The heart of the x-ray generating system is the:

x-ray tube

The most commonly used film size for adult intraoral dentistry is size?

#2

What size film is commonly used for a bisecting angle survey?

#2

What size film is used for pediatric patients?

0

What vertical angulation is used to take a bitewing radiograph?

10 degrees

Mr. Henway needs a full mouth survey as part of his new patient visit. You've taken a standard 18-image series. How many of the images are periapicals?

14

An intraoral full-mouth survey on an adult consists of _____ images.

18-20

A periapical view shows the tooth from the occlusal surface or incisal edge to about _____ mm beyond the apex to show the periapical bone.

2 to3

How much filtration is federally required for a dental x-ray machine operating over 70 kVp?

2.5 mm aluminum filtration

Which of the following answers lists the films sizes in order from widest to narrowest?

3,2,1,0

How many premolars should appear in a right premolar bitewing radiograph?

4

How many posterior periapical radiographs are included in a standard full mouth survey?

8

Developer strength can be checked by using

A reference image and stepwedge image

Quality control for the darkroom should include checking for light leaks every:

6 months

F-speed dental x-ray film reduces radiation exposure to the patient by __% compared with D-speed dental x-ray film.

60

Which of the following teeth should appear in a canine periapical radiograph? Select all that apply.

Canine, lateral incisor, first premolar

The correct order of steps in manual film processing is:

Develop, rinse, fix, wash

The category of digital imaging similar to faxes and video equipment that uses a sensor with a cord attached to the computer is:

Direct digital radiography

What happens when the exposure button on a dental x-ray machine is pressed?

Electrons slam against the target of the anode producing the x-ray.

Which film holder can aid in positioning the film during an endodontic procedure, because it fits around the dam clamp and the endodontic instruments?

EndoRay

One of the earliest signs of overexposure to x-rays may be:

Erythema (reddening of skin)

Horizontal angulation is:

Side to side angulation

What size film should be used when taking an occlusal radiograph?

Size #4

What size of dental film is used for imaging the anterior region of the mouth with the paralleling technique?

Size 1

What type of film holder is commonly used for the bisecting technique?

Styrofoam Stabe

Which of the following statements about the bisecting technique are true? Select all that apply.

The film is placed against the teeth being imaged The central beam is aimed perpendicular to an imaginary bisecting line

Which of the following statements is true regarding the bisecting technique?

The film is placed against the teeth.

Which of the following statements is true about the paralleling technique?

The film is placed away from the teeth.

Two of your bitewing radiographs on Ms. Ross exhibit overlapped teeth making them less diagnostic for Dr. Jimbo. What is the likely cause for this situation?

The horizontal angulation was incorrect

The bitewing view shows the

crowns and interproximal areas of the maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Anterior periapical radiographs are taken in a vertical orientation, and posterior radiographs are taken in a horizontal orientation.

True

Bitewing radiographs are considered the best for visualizing decay and early loss of alveolar bone.

True

The curve of Spee is a gentle upward curvature of the occlusal plane as one moves posteriorly.

True

Calibration of dental x-ray equipment should be performed by:

a qualified technician

The bisecting-angle instrument (BAI) uses _____ to determine the correct PID angulation

aiming rings

What term is used for a radiograph that displays teeth from both arches in occlusion?

bitewing

Which of the following tissues has the highest radiation sensitivity?

bone marrow

An intraoral full-mouth survey contains:

both periapical and bitewing images

Damage caused by ionizing x-radiation to genetic cells:

can affect future generations

An anterior set of images includes:

canines and incisors

The horizontal bitewing view is used for detecting:

interproximal caries

The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by the settings on the:

kilovoltage setting

What term is used to describe the mounting of film with the embossed dot facing up?

labial mounting

When film emulsion interacts with x-rays, the result is:

latent image

Automatic film processing requires _____ than manual film processing does.

less equipment

A radiograph that has an overall gray appearance is generally preferred. This radiograph is said to have:

low contrast

The exposure sequence for the posterior teeth should begin with the _____ right _____ view.

maxillary molar

For the patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex, the teeth that should be exposed last are:

maxillary molars

A large radiolucency that encloses the roots of the maxillary molars and premolars is most likely what structure?

maxillary sinus

A round radiolucency between the apices of the mandibular premolars is most likely what structure?

mental foramen

The degree of density or blackness on an image is controlled by the:

milliampere-second(s)

Failure to obtain informed consent from a patient prior to exposure of dental radiographs can lead to charges of:

negligence

The number of bitewing films needed is based on the curvature of the arch and the:

number of teeth present in the posterior areas

Improper horizontal angulation when taking bitewing radiographs results in which of the following?

overlapping

When taking periapical images, it is best to start with anterior images because:

patients are less likely to gag with anterior film sensor placement patients can tolerate the film sensor size easier

What term is used to describe a radiograph that displays the whole tooth from crown to root tip?

periapical

The major difference between the paralleling technique and the bisecting technique is image receptor:

placement