RBT Certification Exam

In discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called:

A. A discriminative stimulus (SD)

Which of the following items would be the best choice for using during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child?

A. A toy car with a racetrack

Which of the following is a red flag for a boundary crossing?

A. Accepting the use of a clients family's beach house for the weekend.

_________________the pace of instruction can decrease the likelihood of escape behaviors.

A. Increasing

Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties?

A. Information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced

Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation?

A. Jan is hungry, so she works harder to get crackers as a reward.

Which two global factors set the stage for problem behavior in those with autism?

A. Lack of social skills and the expectations of the social world

Visual inspection is:

A. Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data

A man approaches a pizza counter and says, "May I have a slice of cheese?" This is an example of which verbal operant?

A. Mand

Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)?

A. Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand.

What functions as a natural consequence of most social behaviors?

A. Peer attention

The role of the RBT is to

A. Provide direct support and education with individuals receiving ABA services

Differential reinforcement works by:

A. Reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased.

Environmental supports are:

A. Supports that change or adapt specific settings.

The first step in Joint Attention is ___________.

A. Teaching the student to respond to bids of another.

Teaching targets on the written skill acquisition plan:

A. Tell the behavior technician what to present.

Antecedent Interventions are strategies that focus on structuring and modifying the environment and conditions so that:

A. The crisis behavior is less likely to occur while the environment is modified.

Data are plotted on line graphs according to:

A. The number of instances of the behavior across time

What is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus?

A. To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior

What are 3 reasons to ask questions?

A. To start a conversation, to obtain information, and to show interest in another's ideas

Which of the following could be a Motivating Operation?

A. Tommy hasn't eaten today and is very hungry. *** B. Tommy hit his sister. C. Before Suzy called her teacher a name, she felt ignored. D. After Tommy hit his sister, he was sent to time out.

What might be an appropriate consequence intervention for screaming for attention?

C. Ignoring the scream and later prompting them to call your name

The term "receptive language" is similar in meaning to the term:

C. Listener responding

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals?

C. Natural environment teaching

Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse?

C. Physical abuse

Which of the following is true regarding the role of the RBT in the behavior intervention process?

C. RBTs implement behavior intervention plans

Which of the following is a good receptive skills program for early learners?

C. Receptive Identification of Body Parts

Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?

C. Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card

Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work?

C. Seeing a stop sign and stopping

Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: Does this person make their own choices and express their opinions?

C. Self-determination

Marcia is teaching Denise how to clean a kitchen. She taught her how to rinse dishes and put them in the dishwasher, how to wipe counters, and how to sweep. The process Marcia used to teach how to clean a kitchen is called:

C. Shaping

Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible?

C. So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior

___________ is perhaps the most fundamental means of acquiring new behaviors and knowledge for humans

C. Tacting

If you have an individual who engages in escape behaviors you should:

C. Tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA.

When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?

C. The items to be requested

Why is frequent assessment important when implementing an intervention plan?

C. To make adjustments as necessary

What information can be generated from an FBA?

C. What variables are likely to be involved in maintaining the behavior

Which of the following can be said about the uniqueness of people with autism?

C. While they may share some characteristics, people with autism are different from each other.

If reinforcement is delivered after each number of responses listed, which of the following is variable ratio of 7 (VR7)?

A. 3, 11, 7, 7, 4, 10 B. 7, 7, 7, 7 C. 1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7 D. 2, 12, 3, 7, 7

What are the 4 functions of behavior?

A. Access to tangibles, to gain attention, ecape, automatic.

Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur:

A. After an unpredictable amount of time has passed

Stimulus control occurs when:

A. An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another

Initiating joint attention is when:

A. An individual initiates a bid for attention

There are three types of behavior intervention strategies in the behavior plan; they are...

A. Antecedent Interventions, Replacement Behaviors and Consequence interventions.

What precedes behavior?

A. Antecedents

Which part of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of behavior?

A. Antecedents

Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment?

A. Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?"

What follows behavior?

A. Consequences

Intervention plans should be:

A. Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored

Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective?

A. Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency

Visual Inspection is the process whereby data is:

A. Graphed and analyzed

Any reinforcer that has the potential to affect the health of the client adversely if used inappropriately or in excess is called a:

A. Harmful reinforcer

How does a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of mand training?

A. It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it

Behavioral shaping involves:

A. Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior

In ITT, the format is:

A. Sd/Instruction-->Response.

Why is goal setting with families important?

A. So they can feel like they are being heard by ABA staff

Forward chaining involves:

A. Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step

True or False: Least-restrictive procedures are usually the first choice of intervention.

A. True

Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session?

A. Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene.

In which situations are differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used?

B. Behaviors that are acceptable at low rates

After Johnny threw his toys, his teacher gave him a gentle reprimand and told him that throwing was not nice. Later that day Johnny threw his toys four times. Why is this not an example of punishment?

B. He threw his toys four times after the reprimand.

What does a crisis plan describe?

B. How to prevent and respond to the crisis behaviors.

When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention?

B. If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring.

What is the FIRST milestone likely to occur in typically developing children?

B. Smiling

Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: Does this person have opportunities to get to know the people in their neighborhood and be member of local organizations?

B. Social inclusion

Cici loves to play with blocks but has little interest in being sung to. Her teacher decides to sing to her whenever Cici is playing with blocks so that the songs may also acquire reinforcing properties. This refers to what procedure?

B. Stimulus-stimulus pairing

The x-axis represents some unit of time during which data is obtained.

B. True

When a learner begins to become noncompliant, it most likely due to...

B. they are not getting enough reinforcement and the schedule of reinforcement is too thin.

The "knowns" serve all of the following purposes, except...

B. they are used to keep reinforcement very thin.

Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing "non-judgement?"

C. "Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?"

What can be used to determine existing nonsocial and social reinforcers?

C. A preference assessment

Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a client's family?

C. Because you need to be able to communicate important information back and forth.

You need to help Maria, a 15 year old girl learning to put on deodorant independently. Which environment would you choose to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity?

C. In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately.

Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement?

C. It increases a behavior.

All of the following are ways DSPs can help reduce risk factors for abuse and neglect EXCEPT what?

C. Limit the person's social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators.

If an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to:

C. Make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress.

Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function?

C. Making silly noises

Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items?

C. Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown

Which of the following is not a core quality-of-life domain?

C. Personal Possessions

Once pairing has taken place, the teacher can become a ___________reinforcer.

C. conditioned

Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior emphasizes __________ in addition to the form of language.

C. function

Non contingent reinforcement is delivered:

C. independent of the child's behavior.

A woman saying, "Cynthia" after being asked, "What's your name?" is an example of which verbal operant?

C. intraverbal

Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?

D. Applied

Which of the following is the best behavioral definition?

D. Bites self

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

A. After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class.

Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention?

A. An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands

Why is it so important to always consider human rights and potential for risk of harm when establishing behavior change programs?

A. Because people who need these programs are often vulnerable and can become victims of mistreatment

The "behavioral" dimension of ABA refers to:

A. Being able to observe and measure behavior

Stimulus control is when...

A. a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular discriminative stimulus than in its absence.

Intermediate learners should respond to

B. 50 simple noun/verb combinations

Responding joint attention is when:

B. A person responds to a bid for attention

Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer

B. An entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently.

Spontaneous recovery is most commonly associated with...

B. extinction.

Reinforcement is any event that _________ behavior and _________ behavior.

B. follows; increases

If practitioners' ethical responsibilities conflict with law, ABA practitioners should:

B. make known their commitment to these Guidelines and take steps to resolve the conflict

It's important to remember that _______ action(s) should be taught for the same toy in imitation.

B. multiple

Having a child copy an instructor as she opens and closes her mouth is an example of...

C. oral motor imitation.

Replacement behaviors are:

D. Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors

When practitioners believe there may have been an ethical violation by another practitioner, or non behavioral colleague, they attempt to resolve the issue, first by:

A. Bringing it to the attention of that individual

Recently, Mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this?

A. Duration

Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principal about Kyle's behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What could be the REINFORCER?

A. Escape from math

Which of the following is an example of an advanced level of following directions?

A. Get the large red and blue cup

In receptive identification it is recommended that the array of items should:

A. Increase in size and become messier

Fixed ratio schedules:

A. Produce high and steady rates of behavior

When you observed Sally, she kicked 7 times. Your observation was from 1 pm to 3 pm. Sally's kicking rate per hour is:

B. 3.5 per hour

Which of the following is an example of an exploitative relationships?

B. A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware store

What are two things you need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying?

B. A transaction record and a reconciliation of the transactions

Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?

B. Imitating facial expressions

Which of the following is an illustration of most-to-least prompting?

B. Partial physical, modeling, gestural, visual

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy?

B. Pivotal Response Treatment

Which of the following should you do if you are using errorless learning to deliver a trial?

B. Provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding.

Differential Reinforcement is a procedure combining what two procedures?

B. Reinforcement and extinction

What is recommended if you find that you do not have the training needed to provide services in a particular area?

B. Seek additional training and supervision from person's competent in those areas

Which of the following is an example of receptive language/listener responding?

B. Touching or looking at a picture or object when it is named

When might not obtaining informed consent, possibly violating confidentiality, be justified?

B. When there is a significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support, or to others

Our clients have certain rights and prerogatives that need to be maintained. The client must be provided on request:

B. an accurate, current set of the practitioner's credentials

What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later?

C. Carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later

Which of the following could ensure that an intervention involving the use of punishment is effective?

C. Collecting and reviewing intervention data

Leila engages in hand mouthing. She is reinforced every time she is engaged in a behavior that is incompatible with hand mouthing (drawing or building with legos). This is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure?

C. DRI

Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to:

C. Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next

Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that:

C. Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated

What is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person?

C. Document immediately after an observation

Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction:

C. Errorless learning techniques

Which of the following best explains the primary purpose of the BACB's Professional and Ethical Compliance code?

C. The purpose of the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code is to provide guidelines for certified and credentialed individuals to follow when they are providing behavior analysis services.

Which of the following is an example of a mand?

D. "May I have an espresso, please?"

We can assume social motivation is present when __________.

D. A child spontaneously initiates.

When our learner is on a roll with responding, reinforcement should be...

D. continued at current levels or increased.

If shown an array of photos and asked, "Give me the one that you jump on," this is an example of...

D. function.

An airplane flies overhead and a girl says "airplane." This is an example of which verbal operant?

Tact

In the normal progression in ITT, materials go from being...

an orderly to messy array.

Behavioral definitions must be both...

observable and measurable

The first step of establishing instructional control is...

pairing yourself, the teaching environment and the setting with reinforcement.

True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention.

Fasle

In line graphs the data points are generally connected with a solid line.

True

Discrete trials should be delivered rather quickly in order to:

A. Keep the momentum going

Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans?

B. They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced

When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from:

B. Thick to thin

Which of the following are negative punishment procedures?

B. Time out and response cost

Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities?

B. To allow families to see what their loved one can do.

Which of the following is a behavior?

C. Running a race

When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used. What else will you want to consider?

C. Who will be reading or using it

The definition of behavior is:

C. any observable movement of a living thing

The value of a reinforcer...

C. can change at any particular time and is determined by several variables.

Listener responding involves responding ____________ to the verbal behavior of another.

C. non-verbally

The field of Applied Behavior Analysis focuses on ______________ behavior.

C. observable

Identify two consequences:

C. reinforcement and punishment

For a student to be able to begin imitation training, they need to engage in some pre-requisite behaviors, including...

C. staying seated and attending to the teacher.

Fluency of skills is:

D. Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy.

The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called:

D. Operationally defining the behavior

When teaching receptive identification if it useful to begin with identification of:

D. Preferred stimuli

Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement:

D. Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement

Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session?

D. Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers

Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal?

D. Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?"

Which of the following is the best reason for thinning reinforcement?

D. To decrease dependence on the reinforcer in order to demonstrate the behavior

If an RBT puts a picture of herself and the clients she works with on a social media site, she is:

D. Violating the client's right to confidentiality

Mohinder has Down's syndrome and lives in a group home. Tom, who works at the group home, asks Mohinder to loan him money for lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. Is this abuse, and if so, why?

A. Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder's resources.

If a practitioner finds that, due to unforeseen factors, a potentially harmful multiple relationship has arisen, what is recommended?

A. attempt to resolve with the best interests of the affected person and maximal compliance with the Guidelines

For ASD children that do not easily acquire imitation, skills may need to be...

A. broken down into basic components, directly taught, and reinforced.

Using transfer trials will help eliminate________________

A. prompt dependency.

During error correction, after you represent the SD with a prompt, you should...

A. represent the same instruction (SD) to test if the prompt was effective enough to teach them to get it right on their own.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of the RBT in communication with families?

B. Agencies may have specific guidelines for communicating with families that align with the BACB's Professional and Ethical Compliance Code.

Which of the following is an example of self-monitoring an interaction with a family member?

B. Asking yourself if you are emotional about the discussion

When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session?

B. Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD

Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principal about Kyle's behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What was the ANTECEDENT to falling on the floor?

B. Being told to get his math book

You provide support for Roberto, a man with a mild intellectual disability. While talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. What is the most appropriate course of action to take?

B. Contact your agency's designated investigator.

To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must:

B. Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly

Billy saying, "My name is Ricky" after Ricky said, "My name is Ricky" is an example of which verbal operant?

B. Echoic

Transfer trials are used when:

B. Echoic prompts need to be faded

Which of the following is a risk factor for abuse and neglect that is common for people with IDD?

B. Increased dependency on others for long-term care.

Which of the following is true about chaining?

B. It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills

Which of the following is true about behavioral skills training (BST)?

B. It is considered to be a component of many evidenced-based training packages

In treating self-injury, which of the following is the number one priority?

B. Keeping the person safe from harm

The graph most commonly used in ABA is:

B. Line graph

The components of the 4-term contingency include:

B. Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence

Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)?

B. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked.

Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by:

B. Taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior

When larger skills are broken down into teachable steps, this is called:

B. Task analysis

Replacement behaviors are taught so:

B. The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern

In discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are most commonly used when:

B. The learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus around 85% of the time

Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again:

B. The reinforcer

Joint attention is:

B. The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity

Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because:

B. They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment

The matching law states that...

B. relative rates of responding tend to equal the relative rates of reinforcement they produce.

Which would be the next step in a shaping program to increase time on task from 3 minutes?

C. 4 minutes

A trend that ascends from left to right means:

C. A behavior is increasing

When interacting with and communicating with families, it is important to:

C. Focus on what the person is saying.

Which of the following violates the Professional and Compliance Code Element that addresses "disseminating accurate information about behavior analysis":

D. A brochure that states "ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy"

The Phase Change line demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph and is represented by:

D. A solid vertical line

In order to be effective, a quality of life approach to services must be used in the context of:

D. A system of individualized supports.

Extinction works by:

D. Abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem behavior

What does the term "least intrusive" mean as it relates to behavior change plans?

D. Behavior change plans that place the least amount of risk or discomfort

How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior?

D. By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior

Which of the following components of behavioral skill training (BST) was determined to have the most impact on with way intervention was delivered?

D. Feedback

Crisis plans should have interventions based on which of the following?

D. Function of the behavior

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

D. Giving someone a compliment for doing good work

Which of the following parts of a written skill acquisition plan specifies the long term outcome for learner performance?

D. Goal

How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?

D. If the learner approaches you and the session easily

Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy?

D. Incidental teaching

What are some practices that ABA professionals need to adopt to build strong professional relationships with families?

D. Model optimism, practice nonjudgment, and prioritize intervention efforts

Which is another term for echoics?

D. Vocal imitation

What is the starting question and the most important question in the quality of life approach:

D. What is important to this individual?

When you document you should attempt to document only?

D. What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed

Behavioral function tries to explain:

D. Why the behavior is happening

Using _______________________ to prevent problem behaviors is considered the proactive approach.

D. antecedent interventions

Errorless teaching would be most appropriate to prevent...

D. behaviors to escape/avoid something.

It is important to remember throughout imitative skills training that the end goal is to have the student...

D. imitate others in his natural environment.

Another term for listener responding is...

D. receptive language.

Every ten minutes Johnny is rewarded with a gummy if he did not throw his toys. This is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure?

DRO