Rbt Questions
What information should a naturalistic data collection sheet contain?
- Target behavior - Prompt Level - Activity - Materials - # of times the target behavior was addressed
the components of the 4 term contingency include...
- discriminative stimulus - the behavior - the reinforcer - the consequence
in a typically developing child, at what age do they respond to hearing their name?
6 months
at approximately what age do children start to use single words?
7 months to 1 year
Extinction works by...
Abruptyl stopping reinforcement for problem behavior
Before a behavior change plan can be developed, what has to happen?
An assessment of the client's skills and needs must be conducted.
Which is the best reason why fixated interests can be a problem?
Because they can distract the person from other activities
The quote "All behavior has a communicative intent" can be best explained by the statement..
Behavior always serves a purpose for the person engaging in the behavior
What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?
Continue the intervention
To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must..
Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly
Recently mario's tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this?
Duration
Which of the following is a drawback of probe data?
It is less accurate
Which type of graph provides the most information about variability in the data?
Line graphs
Immediate echolalia is...
Saying what was just heard over & over
Why is it important to model optimism when working w/ a client w/ disabilities?
To allow families to see what their loved one can do.
How could response blocking be used in an intervention plan?
To prevent the behavior from hurting someone
What are the most common reasons to ask question in a professional interaction?
To start a conversation, to gain information, to show interest in a persons ideas.
When are discontinuous data collection measures used?
When behaviors occur at such a high rate it would be very hard to get an accurate count
Under which circumstances should extinction not be used?
When it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment
Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur...
after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
What ensures that an intervention involving the use of punishment is effective?
collecting & reviewing intervention data
_____________________ behaviors cannot be learned all at once...
complex behaviors
what method for teaching intraverbal behavior involves requiring the learner to verbally identify an item based on its description?
form, feature, category
Event recording is the same thing as...
frequency recording
which of the ways of approaching intraverbal intervention involves answering questions about the properties of an item?
function, feature, category
What is the main idea behind Maslow''s hierarchy of needs?
it shows that some needs must be met before others
Fixed ratio schedules are best used for...
learning a new behavior
Natural environment teaching is sued to teach...
listener responding
the term "receptive language" is similar in meaning to the term...
listener responding
Visual inspection is...
making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data
Which core domain includes a person's finances & living situation?
material well-being
When delivering a naturalistic intervention in public, it is important to...
minimize attention drawn to prompting or redirection
as the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to...
model the sound
what prompt sequence is the preferred one to use in listener responding programs?
most-to-least
Paying a speeding ticket is an example of...
negative punishment.
can direct support professionals be a natural support to the people they serve?
no
Behavior includes everything that living organism does that is...
observable & measurable.
chaining involves a step-wise ..
progression of similar skills
What should you do in order to prepare for a session?
read the skills acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials & reinforcers
Continuous data recording involves...
recording all instances of a behavior
which core domain includes fair treatment & human dignity?
right
Which core domain includes fiat treatment & human dignity?
rights
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior involves...
setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed
When delivering a discrete trial session, which is the most important reason to minimize distractions in the environment?
so the learner can focus on what they are being asked to do
why is it important for learners to generalize new behavior?
so they can use it in a meaningful way across different situations
which core domain includes a sense of belonging in the community?
social inclusion
a limited hold is sometimes added to interval reinforcement in order to..
speed up the display of the target behavior
A child sees a cookie and then asks for it, this is an example of ___________- control.
stimulus
If you are in a meeting discussing an individual you work with, what is important to do?
take notes and listen attentively
Spontaneous recovery refers to...
the sudden reoccurrence of behavior that was extinguished
what is the best reason for thinning reinforcement?
to decrease dependence on the reinforcer in order to demonstrate the behavior
According to the RBT Ethic Code, clients and their families have a right to...
your background check and creditials
What are the common reasons or "functions" of a behavior?
Gain attention, gain items, escape, and sensory stimulation
which prompting strategy is commonly used in delivering discrete trials for listeners responding skills?
Most-to-least
Variables that play a role in the frequency and intensity of behavior or the effectiveness of reinforcement for behaviors are called...
Motivating operations
The process of defining target behaviors using a precise definition is called:
Operationally defining the behavior
Fixed interval schedules often result in...
an increased rate of responding at the end of the interval
What is done before using natural environment teaching w/ a learner?
identify activity routines that provide cues for responding
How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?
if the learner approaches you and the session easily
If an intervention is implemented with a "high degree of fidelity," it is...
implemented consistently & accurately
shaping always moves..
in a forward direction
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to...
increase the amount of time b/w the display of one behavior to the next
What is the term for a behavior, event, or object that can help measure quality of life?
indicator
What is the best definition of data?
it is quantifiable dimension of a behavior
how does a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of many training?
it makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will and for it
which core domain includes lifelong learning and developing skills?
personal growth
motivating operations can exert stimulus control over a behavior by..
playing a role in the effectiveness of the reinforcer at that point in time
Telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the streets is an example of...
positive punishment
Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement...
provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement.
The best way to describe ratio strain is...
reinforcement that is thinned too quickly and the behavior can diminish or disappears
Differential reinforcement works by...
reinforcing only the behaviors that should be increased while removing reinforcement from behaviors that should be decreased
Which core domain includes connection & closeness w/ others?
relationships
Stimulus-stimulus pairing is...
repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus w/ a reinforcing one
Extinction of a behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by..
taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior
What best describes a task analysis?
target behaviors broken down into steps
Strategies for promoting generalization of tacts include..
teaching different forms of the tact and varying teaching conditions
Forward changing involves...
teaching the beginning steps & reinforcing each subsequent step
backward chaining involves...
teaching the ending steps to the chain first and then teaching the earlier steps
Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior (DRH) is delivered when...
the amount of time b/w one response and the next needs to be decreased
RBTs must document...
the data from the session & any other relevant information
what is ratio strain?
the disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly
When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?
the item to be requested
why is saying "what do you want?" a bad idea during mind training?"
the learner can become dependent on the phrase t produce mands
which of the following best describes the value of stimulus control?
the learner can focus on what is important
What is an advantage of backward chaining?
the learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain more quickly
Data are plotted on line graphs according to..
the number of instances of the behavior across time
teaching w/ multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because...
they can respond to different cues found in the natural environment
when behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from...
thick to thin
what is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus?
to get an individual to engage in a particular behavior
Why are intermittent reinforcement schedules used?
to maintain previously acquired behaviors
under what circumstances would it be important to provide an echoic training session related to targeted tacts?
to make sure the learner knows how to repeat words and sounds when asked
true or false. sometimes supporting choice means supporting a person while they make a mistake.
true
if a learners speech is too monotone or singy-songy, what approach can be used to help correct this?
using echoic to teach proper inflection and pitch
If an RBT puts a picture of herself & the client she works with on a social media site, she is...
violating the client's right to confidentiality
It is necessary to practice ABA w/in the context of...
well-defined professional roles
a concurrent schedule of reinforcement is operating when...
when 2 schedules of reinforcement are simultaneously available
What is one way you can help to establish or improve a relationship ship w/ a family when you are working?
Not judge them and listen to their concerns
What is an example of deficits in nonverbal communication?
Not understanding facial expressions
When RBT;s communicate with families they should use...
Observable & measurable terms
What kind of interventions do those certified or registered by the BACB use?
Only research based interventions
Data collection during naturalistic teaching should always include information about:
Target behaviors, prompt levels needed, and activities
Your supervisor tells you to use a strategy you have no idea how to use. What is the best response to the request?
Tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it.
When using discrete trials to teach beginning bands, you should..
hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts
Why is Pica dangerous?
Because it can cause illness or injury
Why is difficulty communicating sometimes a trigger for problem behavior?
Because the person is not able to express what they want
Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a client's family?
Because you need to be able to communicate important information back & forth.
Susan records data after every discrete trial she delivers. What type of data recording is this?
Trial by Trial
Asking a learner to select an item using a preposition is an...
advanced skill
Behavior assessment involves the use of several methods to get ...
an accurate picture of strengths and needs
If you are trying to teach a new skill to someone, which reinforcement schedule would you use in the beginning?
Continuous schedule
What graph indicates the total number of behaviors in an additive fashion?
Cumulative graphs
What is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions?
Data collection
Why are trends sometimes necessary to include on line graphs?
Data paths are not always clear
Intervention plans should be...
Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored
It is important to do what before starting a group intervention?
Establish a group goal & align individuals w/ those of the group
When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention?
If the client & family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring.
If data indicate that progress is not being made, what is one question that should be asked?
Is the skill program being delivered effectively?
In treating self-injury, what is the number one priority?
Keeping the person safe from harm
Which two global factors set the stage for problem behavior in those with autism?
Lack of Social skills & the expectations of the social world
You are working with a young client in a clinic setting and are implementing a toilet training protocol. What should you do to make sure the client's dignity is protected?
Make sure that the bathroom door is shut when the client is using the toilet
What data recording procedure is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending & beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates?
Partial Interval
Ethical codes & supervision of behavior analytic services are important because...
People receiving behavior analytic interventions are vulnerable and deserve the best interventions available
Why would the prompt level necessary to perform the skill be an important part of the data collection?
Skills performed w/ prompts are not mastered until they are performed w/o promots
Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible?
So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the behavior
What is the difference b/w DRA & DRI?
The replacement behavior selected in DRA does NOT have to be incompatible with the problem behavior
What are harmful reinforcers?
Those that are harmful to health
In ____________________, data are recorded on each trial presented.
Trial by Trial
What can be said about the uniqueness of people with autism?
While they may share some characteristics, people w/ autism are different from each other.
When alternating b/w quite and loud humming, what would be the best behavior recording method to use?
Whole interval, bc it's hard to hear humming at times.
Since applied behavior analysis can be used w/ many different populations...
You must have training & supervision w/ each population you work with
In listener responding interventions, responding to one's name being called is considered to be...
a beginning learning skill
A trend that ascends from left to right means...
a behavior is Increasing
Jan is hungry, so she works harder to get crackers as a reward. This is an example of...
a motivating operation
stimulus equivalence occurs when..
a response is correctly displayed in the precise of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced
what is a stimulus class?
a set of stimuli that share a common attribute
If you have worked w/ people w/ autism before but only in schools, not in clinical settings, this could be an issue in boundaries of...
competence across different contexts
the importance of shaping & chaining can be emplane by the fact that...
complex behavior and skills need to be taught one step at a time
Early learning skills are important _________________- for more advanced skills.
components
Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to..
decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next
verbal operants are...
different purposes of verbal behavior
the abrupt discontinuation of reinforcement can stop the...
display of the behavior that was being reinforced
when are data typically collected during a discrete trial session?
during the intertribal interval
which core domain includes a person's feelings about themselves and their worth?
emotional well-being
If Gray refuses to do a task and the task is kept near him until he attempts it, this is an example of...
escape extinction
Any reinforcer that has the potential to affect the health of the client adversely if used inappropriately or in excess is called a...
harmful reinforcer
Fixed ratio schedules produce...
high and steady rates of behavior