RBT Vocab

Multiple Stimulus With Replacemement

- Assessment begins with an array of stimulus in front of the client - client picks one - once the client has chosen an item, it is replaced in the array, items are rearranged

Mass Trial

- Consists of 2 or more trials in a "block" trials - Practice the same skill or similar skills - Typically blocks range from 5-10 trials

Primary Reinforcer (unconditioned)

- Having reinforcing properties with no learning history - stimuli that have biological importance to an individual - Ex: food, liquids, sleep, shelter, sex

Free Operant

- Make multiple items available - record how long spent with each item - duration or interval recording method

intermittent reinforcement

- The "once in a while" approach to reinforcement delivery - Person does not know where or when - most closely resembles a natural schedule

Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement

- The assessment begin with an array on stimuli - client picks one of the items - once the item is chosen, the other items from the array are rearranged and the original item chosen is removed from the original sequence

What to include in session notes?

- date and initials - avoid subjective comments - include objective descriptions of behaviors - ABC Data collection

crisis, emergency

- deflection practice from aggressive behaviors - being proactive - setting up environment - staying neutral

Direct Preference Assessment

- free operant assessment - pairwise comparison - multiple stimulus - provide items, observe and record interactions with item

Paired Stimulus (Forced choice)

- selects items - position an item pair in front of learner - have them pick one - record what they pick

Single Stimulus Presentation

-items are presented to an individual one at a time - each item is presented multiple times - observer records duration with stimulus

Descriptive Phase

1st phase in FBA: includes an operational description of the problem behavior, its history, and the antecedents, consequences, and environmental variables that might impact it

Interpretation Phase

2nd phase in FBA: Synthesizes the information from the descriptive phase and develops specific hypotheses about the function of each behavior

Verification Phase

3rd phase in FBA: Determines if the hypothesis developed in the interpretation ophase arw valid through manipulating variables identified in the descriptive phase

Access to Item/Activity

A 16 year old named Darla walks into the kitchen and sees her mom on the phone. She interrupts her mom and says, "Mom, Mom, Mom, I need 10 dollars right now! I have to leave soon for the dance." Her mom continues her phone conversation, but opens her purse and gives Darla the 10 dollars.

Access to Item/ Activity AND Escape Avoid an Item or Activity

A 6 year old child named Darren is at soccer practice. The coach says it is time to do some running/conditioning. Darren immediately sprints away from the soccer field toward the playground that is located in the same park. Once he gets to the playground he starts playing on the swings.

Escape/Avoid Internal Stimulation

A 9 year old boy with autism named Austin is at a 4th of July block party with his parents. Everyone is lighting fireworks in the street. One of the fireworks made a loud screeching sound and Austin immediately covered his ears and ran into the house.

Access to an Item or Activity

A father asks his son to pass the salt during thanksgiving dinner. His son then gives him the salt shaker.

Generalized Learned Reinforcer

A learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers

EO (establishing operations)

A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness

DRO (differential reinforcement of other behavior)

A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times; delivering reinforcemement for ANY other behavior other than the target (undesired) behavior

Fixed Interval Schedule of reinforcemenrt

A reiforcer is contingent on the first response, after a fixed interval of time, since the last opportunity for reinforcement

Fixed Ratio

A reinforcer follows a fixed number of responses

Variable Ratio Schedule

A reinforcer follows after a variable number of responses

Variable Interval Schedule

A reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a variable interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement

Fixed Time Schedule

A reinforcer is delivered after the passage of a fixed period of time, independently of the response

MO (motivating operation)

A stimulus change in the environment that temporarily alters the reinforcing properties of a stimulus and evokes all behavior that in the past produced that particular stimulus

discriminative stimulus

A stimulus that evokes a behavior when present; if the stimulus is not present the behavior does not occur; A stimulus in which in the past, when a behavior was emitted in it's presence, it produced a reinforcer

Access to Item or Activity

A teenager asks his dad if he can borrow the car this weekend. His dad says, "sure, as long as you're home by ten"

Access to Attention

A toddler named Andrew sees his mother walk by while he is playing with his toys. As his mother walks by he stretches his arms towards her and whines. His mother then picks him up, gives him a big hug, and begins talking to him

Escape/Avoid Internal Stimulation

A typically developing adult feels a big itch in the middle of his back. He reaches and uses his nails to scratch the itch and feels much better afterward

Access to Internal Stimulation

A typically developing child plays hopscotch alone. She loves to say the numbers to herself and the way it feels when she hop hop hops!!

Access to Attention

A wife asks her husband, "Hey are you listening?" He looks up from his paper and says, "I'm sorry what were you saying? Please tell me again."

S.E.A.T.

Acronym as to why clients may act out

Access to Internal Stimulation

An adult with autism likes to say the entire script of Casablanca to himself when he is alone in his room at night

Escape or Avoid and Item or Activity

An elementary school-aged girl named Amanda gets called on during class. The teacher asks her, "what is the capital of Florida?" Amanda says nothing and stares at the floor. The teacher asks two more times, but then gives up and asks another student who has his hand raised.

What is a reinforcer?

Anything that follows a behavior that results in an increase in the behavior

Frequency Data

Counting how many times a behavior occurs in specific time period

FR2

Delivering a break after a child writes 2 letters of his name correctly/ 2 responses = 1 delivery of reinforcement

FR1

Delivering a token every time a child correctly points to ared object when told to , "find red"

Prompts from Most Intrusive to Least

Full Physical, Partial Physical, Modeling, Gestural, Verbal, Visual

Prompt Fading

Gradually reducing a prompt. Make prompts less intrusive as the target behavior starts occurring in the presence of the SD

Prompt Delay

Increasing the amount of time between the SD and the prompt

Indirect Preference Assessment

Indirect reinforcement , asking, survey, interview - interview from to ask parents/care givers about the types of items they see the client interact with more frequently

Latency Data

Length of time between the instruction and the behavior

Partial-Interval

Record a behavior occurs at least once during an interval

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)

Reinforcing occurrences of a behavior that provides a desirable alternative to the problem behavior but is not necessarily incompatible with it; delivering reinforcement for behavior A while withholding reinforcement for behavior B

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

Systematic set of strategies used to determine the underlying function or purpose of a behavior in order for an effective intervention plan to be developed.

Naturalisitic Teaching

Teaching client in a natural environment like a park which is the opposite of DTT

Sensory

The individual behaves in a specific way because it feels good to them

Tangible

The individual engages in behaviors in order to get access to preferred item or participate in an activity

Escape/Avoidance

The individual engages in behaviors in order to get out of doing something he/she does not want to do.

Attention

The individual engages in behaviors to gain attention from anyone in or near their environment

Inter-response time (IRT)

The measure of elapsed time between two successive responses Ex. - Bob clapped once, then clapped again 2 seconds later

Transfer of Stimulus Control

The process is which prompts are removed once the target behavior is occurring in the presence of the SD. Prompt fading and prompt delay are used to transfer stimulus control from the prompt to the SD

schedules of reinforcement

The way reinforcement occurs because of the number of responses, time since reinforcement, time between responses, ans stimulus conditions

Continuous Reiforcement

This is merely a technique of reinforcing a behavior every time it happens in order to create an association with the behavior and a certain outcome.

Permanent Product

Type of indirect data collection Ex: How many shirts folded when you told your client to do the laundry instead of staying an watching

Prompts from Least Intrusive to Most

Visual, Verbal, Gestural, Modeling, Partial Physical, Full Physical

Antecedent

What happened immediately before

Consequence

What happens immediately after behavior

Behavior

What you see them do

Global Chaining

When you teach all the skills at once and vary your prompts depending on the level of your child

Forward Chaining

When your target is to teach the first step until your child gains mastery and then move on to the second step

Backward Chaining

When your target is to teach the last step until your child gains mastery ans then work backwards

Secondary Reinforcer (conditioned)

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer. A previously neutral stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through pairing with another reinforcer

What is Discrete Trial Training? (DTT)

a systematic method for presenting - instructions - materials - consequences ... in order to produce learning in a consistent manner and create stimulus control over a response or set or response

Extinction Burst

before it gets better it gets worse; an immediate increase in the frequency of the response after the removal of the positive, negative, or automatic response

FR3

deliverying a break after a child completes 3 trials correctly

Duration Data

for how long does the behavior occur

Extinction

it is a consequence applied after a behavior, in which reinforcement is withheld depending on function

Momentary Sampling

record when a behavior occurs at the end of an interval

Whole-Interval

record when a behavior occurs for an entire interval

DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)

reinforcing a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the problem behavior and withholds reinforcement following instances of the problem behavior

Spontaneous Recovery

the behavior that diminished during extinction process recurs eve though the behavior does not produce reinforcement. short-lived and limited if the extinction procedure continues in effect

Stimulus Control

the occurrence of a response more frequently in the presence of one stimulus than in the presence of another stimulus, usually as a result of discrimination training