RCB - Questions and Answers
Tricks in the Answer Choices
* Tricks 1. The use of identical and synonymous phrases. : In the correct answer they will use a synonymous phrase in order to force you to parse meaning and equate ideas stated in different terms. : The exact duplication in wrong answers is appealing and fools unsuspecting test takers. 2. The mixing of Global and Specific ideas in the answers : Global Reference questions will almost always have incorrect answers that then refer to attitudes or ideas from only one or two paragraphs : This G/S distinction can often trap unwary test takers who don't realize the scope of what they are being asked about 3. The mixing of Groups and viewpoints : A favorite tactic is to have an answer that perfectly captures the ideas or viewpoint of a group in the passage, but not the group the question specifics. : Make sure you are clear on who is being asked about and then anticipate trap answers designed to entice you with the views of a different group
Main RC Question Types
1. 6 types - Must Be True/ Most Supported - Main Point - Strenghen - Weaken - Parallel Reasoning - Cannot Be True 2. Note that some of the other question types that appear in the LR section, such as Justify the Conclusion or Resolve the Paradox, could appear in the RC section, but they appear so infrequently that a discussion of those types is not useful. 3. There is two more question types in Comparative Reading passages, which will be discussed later
The Answer choices
1. All LSAT questions have five lettered answer choices and each question has only one correct, or "credited," response. 2. As with other sections, the correct answer in RC must meet the Uniqueness Rule of Answer Choices, which states that "Every correct answer has a unique logical quality that meets the criteria in the question stem. Every incorrect answer has the opposite logical quality." 3. The correctness of the answer choices themselves conforms to this rule - there is one correct answer choice, the other four answer choices are the opposite of correct, or incorrect. e.g. p. 327
Main Point - Incorrect answers
1. Answers that are true but do not encapsulate the author's point 2. Answers that repeat portion of the passage but not the Main Point
One Special Dual Passage Strategy
1. As mentioned, Comparative Reading questions are generally the same as single passage set questions, with the difference that the emphasis is on how well you can understand the similarities and differences between the two passages. 2. If you are concerned about becoming confused by the similarities in the two passages and misattributing viewpoints or details, there is a solution strategy that can help --> After reading Passage A, pause briefly to organize your thoughts about what you have just read and then go and complete each question that is focused solely on Passage A --> Then go back and read Passage b with the intention of both understanding B on its own and establishing the relationship between the two authors. --> Attempt each question that focuses solely on Passage B --> Thereafter, complete the remaining questions which deal with the relationships b/w the two passages
Cannot Be True
1. Ask you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus 2. Often appear with the modifier "Least" 3. You must prove that one of the answer choices cannot occur, : or that it disagrees with the information in the passage 4. Can be viewed in two ways - Polar opposite Must Be True Questions - Reverse Weaken Questions : Use the information in the stimulus to attack one of the answers 5. Cannot Be True questions are tricky because the concept of an answer choice being possibly true and therefore wrong is counterintuitive. 6. Mentally prepare yourself to eliminate answers that could be true or that are possible and select the one answer choice that cannot be true or that is impossible
Parallel Reasoning
1. Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus 2. each answer choice is a wholly new argument = force you to evaluate five arguments in one question, = can be quite time-consuming. 3. ask you to parallel the structure of a section or paragraph, = you usually need only understand the basic outline of what occurred in the section. 4. If you find yourself choosing between two or more answer choices, then simply compare some of the other elements in the passage - intent of the author or group - force and use of premises - the relationship of the premises to a conclusion, and the soundness of the argument
Author's Perspective Question
1. Ask you to select the answer choice that best reflects the author's views or the author's attitude toward a subject
Purpose/Function Questions (P)
1. At the SR and CR level, Purpose questions ask why the author referred to a particular word, phrase, or idea. 2. To determine the reasons behind the author's use of words or ideas, refer to the context around the reference, using context clues and your knowledge of the viewpoints and structure of the passage 3. Global Purpose questions are almost always phrased using the words "primary purpose" and ask for the author's main purpose in writing the passage - These questions ask you to describe why the author wrote the passage, and the correct answer is often an abstract version of the main point (and if not, at the very least the answer to a Global Purpose question will agree with the Main Point)
Question Modifiers and Overlays
1. Certain words that appear in the question stems can have a powerful impact on the nature of the answer choice you are seeking. 2. Most and Best in Question stem : Even though "most" or "best" will appear in a number of stems, you can rest assured that only one answer choice will meet the criteria. 3. "Except " and "Least" in Question stem - Because "except" means "other than," when "except" is placed in a question it negates the logical quality of the answer choice you seek. - Literally, it turns the intent of the question stem upside down e.g. p. 302 - Many students, upon encountering "except" in a question stem, make the mistake of assuming that the "Except" charges you with seeking the polar opposite e.g. p. 302 : This is INCORRECT. Although weaken and strengthen are polar opposite, because except means "other than," when a "Weaken Except" question stem appears, you are asked to find any answer choice other than Weaken. e.g. p. 303 - The word "least" has a similar effect to "Except" when it appears in a question stem. - We will designate questions that contain "except" or "least" by placing an "X" at the end of the question stem classification.
Incorrect Answers in Must Be True Questions
1. Could Be True or Likely to be True Answers - These answers fail the Fact Test 2. Exaggerated Answers - Take information from the passage and then stretch that information to make a broader statement that is not supported by the passage e.g. p. 289 3. "New" Information Answers - information not mentioned explicitly in the passage or information that would not fall under the umbrella of statement made in the passage e.g. p. 290 4. The shell Game (p. 290) 5. The Opposite answer 6. The Reverse Answer - e.g. p. 291 7. The Wrong View - frequently appear in Perspective questions e.g. p. 291 8. Hidden References - In some SR questions, you will be sent to a certain location in the passage but the information needed to answer the question will reside elsewhere in the passage, in a section that also touches on the issue in the SR. - This can be difficult to handle if the information is a large number of lines away
Question Classification
1. From a classification standpoint, we have now established that every question in the Reading Comprehension section has two elements: Location and Question Type 2. When questions are classified in this book, those two elements are always listed in order as follows: Location, Question type e.g. p. 261
Must Be True Question Subtypes
1. Fundamentally, these subtypes are approached in exactly the same manner as regular Must Be True questions. - That is the Fact Test applies - However, some of these subtypes ask for very specific information 2. Types (MPPASOE) - Main Point - Purpose/Function Questions (P) - Perspective Questions - Author's Perspective Questions (AP) - Subject Perspective Questions (SP) - Organization Questions (O) - Expansion Questions (E)
Similarities between Comparative Reading Passage Sets and Single Passages
1. General reading strategy remains the same 2. Difficulty of the subject matter is the same for single and dual passages, and the subject matter will be drawn from the same disciplines: humanities, social sciences, biological and physical sciences, and issues related to law 3. Dual passage length and the number of accompanying questions are comparable to those of a single passage, so the total amount of reading is similar 4. Question difficulty is roughly equivalent for single and dual passages 5. Question types are generally similar to those seen in the single passages, however the emphasis is more on global questions (main point, author's attitude, function) and passage relationship questions (As we'll soon see) in comparative reading 6. the same reading challenges, sources of difficulty, and trap answers appear in all passage types 7. Questions should be answered exclusively on the basis of the information provided in the selection(s), no specific, subject-based knowledge is necessary 8. Single and Dual passages can all be diagrammed in the same ways
Global Reference (GR)
1. Global Reference questions ask about the passage as a whole, or they fail to identify a defined area or isolated concept within the questions stem 2. Although they might at first seem intimidating, many Global questions can be answered from your initial reading of the passage - For example, you know that you are always seeking to identify the main point of the passage as you read, so the presence of the Main Point question should alarm you or cause you any undue work. 3. On the other hand, Global questions that ask you to prove statements drawn from the passage can be time-consuming because they typically require you to return to the passage and cross-check each answer choice - Note that not every question stem that refers to a concept is CR question (e.g. p.251)
How to strengthen an argument
1. Identify what you are trying to strengthen - when evaluating an answer, ask yourself, "would this answer choice assist the position in question in some way? If so, you have the correct answer 2. Personalize the argument 3. Look for weaknesses in the argument - a weak spot in an argument is tailor-made for an answer that eliminates that weakness. - In other words, close any gap or hole in the argument : Many Strengthen questions require students to find the missing link between a premise and the conclusion. : These missing links are assumptions made by the author or by the party in question and bringing an assumption to light strengths the argument because it validates part of the author's thinking 4. Remember that the correct answer can strengthen the argument just a little or a lot.
Subject Perspective Questions
1. In this question type, we use the term "subject" to refer to a person or group who is discussed in the passage 2. Subject perspective questions ask you to select the answer choice that best reflects the views or attitude of one of the other groups in the passage. 3. Because identifying all views is a critical part of your strategy when reading, you should be well-prepared for these questions 4. These questions are considered Must Be True questions because the correct answer follows directly from the statements in the passage
Approaching Weaken Questions
1. Isolate and assess the position you are attacking. - Only by understanding the structure of the position can you gain the perspective necessary to attack that position 2. Know the details of what was said in the passage 3. Accept then answer choice as given, even if they include "new" information - Just because a fact or idea is not mentioned in the passage is not grounds for dismissing an answer choice
Must Be True/Most Supported
1. It asks you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the passage. 2. Need to pass Fact Test 3. Many ask you to perform a more specific action, : e.g. identifying the author's viewpoint : e.g. the function of a word or phrase. 4. answer choices that could possibly occur or are likely to occur, but are not certain to occur = incorrect. 5. Similarly, do not bring in information from outside the passage
Dual Passages
1. It is also called "Comparative Reading" 2. Dual passages are very similar to the single passages in tone or topic, but rather than present just one excerpt from a single author, two passages are given on a duplicate or relate subject by two separate authors (generally different points of view) 3. Comparative Reading sets are also distinguished from the single passages because the two passages are labeled, "Passage A" and "Passage B." --> In total, the two passages are also roughly the same length as a standard single passage (approximately 450 - 500 words) and line number references are provided every five lines. - The line numbering does not restart for the second passage, but continues on from Passage A 4. The strategies that you have learned thus far for the single passages still apply extremely well - You must still read the dual passage for ideas like viewpoints, tone, argumentation, main point, and general passage structure and function. - Similarly, the approach that you have taken towards the single passages-reading the passage first, making relevant notations within the passage, actively seeking viewpoints and main point ideas-is identical in Comparative Reading. 5. As you examine the passages, remember that they will relate to each other in some way, and will almost always have at least one or two points of both conflict and agreement: authors are never in complete accord, however even in instances where the authors seem fiercely opposed, some common ground is all but guaranteed. - Thus, finding moments of overlap and uniqueness is the key to performing well in Comparative Reading 6. There are, however, a variety of relationships that can exist between Passage A and Passage B e.g. p.391 - Regardless, the primary goal for comparative reading is to identify the main point and purpose of each passage and then to relate those ideas to each other, focusing on the passages' similarities and differences.
The Location Element
1. Location can be divided into three categories - Specific Reference (SR) : These question stems refer you to a specific numbered line, paragraph, or sentence. : In some SR questions, the answer choices refer you to specific lines within the passage. e.g. p. 249 : Although the correct information in a SR question is not always found in the exact lines referenced. : start reading three to five lines above the reference, or from the most logical nearby starting point such as the start of a paragraph. - Concept Reference : refer you to ideas or themes within the passage that are not identified by a specific line or paragraph reference, but that is identifiable because the ideas are clearly enunciated or expressed within one or two areas of the passage e.g. p 250 - Global Reference : Ask about the passage as a whole, or they fail to identify a defined area or isolated concept within the question stem : Can be answered from your initial reading of the passage : On the other hand, Global questions that ask you to prove statements drawn from the passage can be time-consuming because they typically require you to return to the passage and cross-check each answer choice. : note that not every question stem that refers to a concept is a Concept Reference question. e.g. p. 250
Principle Questions
1. Not a separate question type but are instead an "overlay" that appears in a variety of question types e.g. p. 308 2. In the question stem, the key indicator that the Principle concept is present is the word "Principle" 3. A principle is a broad rule that specifies what actions or judgments are correct in certain situations e.g. p. 308 4. The degree of generality of principles can vary considerably, and some are much narrower than others e.g. p. 308 5. Becuase a principle is by definition a broad rule (usually conditional in nature), the presence of the Principle indicator serves to broaden the scope of the question. - The question becomes more abstract, and you must analyze the problem to identify the underlying relationships - Functionally, you must take a broad, global proposition and apply it in a specific manner, either to the answer choices (as in a Must or Parallel question) or to the passage (as in Strengthen or Weaken question)
Rephrasing Question Stems
1. Not all stems are phrases in the form of a question 2. Get in the habit of rephrasing-translating partial-statement stems into their equivalent question forms
Three Incorrect Answer Types of Strengthen question
1. Opposite answers (weaken the position in question) 2. Shell Game 3. Out of Scope : Simply miss the point of the argument and support issues that are either unrelated to the argument or tangential to the argument (p. 294 - 295) Because the same types of wrong answer traps appear in Strengthen as in Weaken questions, the three items above apply to both this section and the following section on Weaken questions.
Correct Answer in Must Be True Questions
1. Paraphrased Answers: Answers that restate a portion of the passage in different terms. - Designed to test your ability to discern the author's exact meaning 2. Combination Answers: Answers that are the sum of two or more passage statements. Any answer choice that would result from combining two or more statements in the passage will be correct
Main Point Questions
1. Prephrase the answer before you have moved on to consider the choices provided. 2. In Reading Comprehension, on the other hand, Main Point questions often work a bit differently. - In many cases the main point will not appear in a single sentence or even in any one location within the passage. 3. Prephrasing the answer with perfect precision is often nearly impossible : remember that you often need to be flexible as you scan through the answer choices.
Prephrasing Answers
1. Prephrasing an answer involves quickly speculating on what you expect the correct answer will be based on the information in the passage 2. Keep in mind that prephrasing is directly related to attacking the passage : typically, students who closely analyze the five critical elements of the passage can more easily prephrase an answer. e.g. p. 325 5. Keep in mind, that while the answers to many questions can be prephrased, not all answers can be prephrased. e.g. p. 325
The Questions
1. Single passage sets = 5 to 8 questions follows each passage : Each of the questions is directed at the passage 2. The question stems cover a wide range of tasks - describe the MP or primary purpose of the passage - Describe the structure and organization of the passage - identify the viewpoints within the passage - identify details of the passage : Identify statements proven by the passage - describe the meaning, function or purpose of words or phrases - strengthen, weaken, or parallel elements of the passage - augment or expand the passage
Concept Reference (CR)
1. These are questions that refer you to ideas or themes within the passage that are not identified by a specific line or paragraph reference, but that are identifiable because the ideas are clearly enunciated or expressed within one or two areas of the passage. 2. When reading questions that contain concept references, you should typically know where to search in the passage for the relevant information even though no line reference is given
Strengthen
1. These questions ask you to select the answer choice that provides support for the author's argument or strengthens it in some way 2. The correct answer choice does not necessarily prove the argument beyond a shadow of a doubt, nor is the correct answer choice necessarily an assumption of the argument - The correct answer choice simply helps the argument in some way
Organization Questions (O)
1. These questions usually appear in reference to either a specific paragraph or to the passages as a whole and refer less frequently to specific lines 2. At the line level, you are normally asked to identify the way in which pairs of lines are related to each other 3. At a specific paragraph level, you will either be asked to identify the structure of the paragraph or identify how one paragraph relates to another paragraph. 4. At the Global level, these questions ask you to describe the overall structure of the passage 5. In both the Specific and Global versions, these questions are similar to the Method of Reasoning questions in the Logical Reasoning section, but they are generally broader: Given that you must track structure as you read, these questions should be fairly straightforward exercises in matching answer choices to what you already know occurred in the passage
Perspective Questions
1. This category contains questions Viewpoint and tone 2. Perspective questions can be divided into two categories - questions that ask about the author's views and tone - questions that ask about the views and tone of one of the other groups discussed in the passage
Weaken
1. Weaken questions ask you to attack or undermine the author's argument 2. Weaken questions are the polar opposite of Strengthen questions 3. The makers of the LSAT can use a variety of words to indicate that your task is to weaken the argument - weaken - attack - undermine - refute - argue against - call into question - cast doubt - challenge - damage - counter
Dual Passage Diagramming
1. You can use the same system of markings and notations for the dual passages as you used with the single passages. - Simply recognize that with two passages there will be two authors' viewpoints, two main points, etc 2. One additional strategy: to make two columns in the small space available in the lower margin of their test booklet : the first column for Similarities, and the second column for Differences.
Attacking Must Be True Questions
1. Your approach to Must Be True questions will, in part, be determined by the Location element specified in each question stem 2. Specific Reference: To attack SR, Must Be True questions, always return to the passage and start reading three to five lines above the reference, or from the most logical nearby starting point such as the start of a paragraph. - For SR questions that refer to a paragraph, return to the passage and consider the paragraph in question 3. Concept Reference: you must return to the areas in the passage and quickly review the information. - must rely on your passage diagramming or memory to return to the correct area 4. Global Reference: - usually Main Point, Purpose, or Organization questions : you will typically not need to refer back to the passage - you would only need to refer back to the passage to eliminate or confirm individual answer choices.
Main Point
1. a variant of Must Be True questions 2. Ask you to find the primary focus of the passage 3. Most often appear as the very first question in each passage set 4. Always prephrase before you have moved on to consider the choices provided. 5. In many cases, the main point will not appear in a single sentence or even in any one location within the passage. - So, determining the main point may take a bit more effort, but it is still vital that you attempt to do so. 6. Prephrasing the answer with perfect precision is often nearly impossible : so remember that you often need to be flexible as you scan through the answer choices 7. Forming an effective prephrase will often require a broad understanding of the passage as a whole, and a serach for the answer choice that most closely relays your prephrased answer. 8. Two types of incorrect answers frequently appear in MP questions - Answers that are true but do not encapsulate the author's point - Answers that repeat portions of the passage but not the MP
Point at Issue
1. a variant of the Must Be True questions at the heart of Reading Comprehension 2. You can only use the information in the passages to evaluate the answer choices, meaning you must know with a reasonable degree of certainty what each speaker believes strictly from what is written - Success relies on choosing answers about which the views of the sources are both known and in direct opposition of one another. 3. The question stem of a Point at Issue question typically refers to a disagreement or point of contention between the two authors/passages
Expansion Questions (E)
1. require you to extrapolate ideas from the passage to determine one of three elements: - where the passage was drawn from or how it could be titled - what sentence or idea could come before the passage - what sentence or idea could follow the passage 2. Questions about the titles or source of the passage typically reflect the Main Point of the passage. Questions asking you to identify pre- or post-passage sentences, however, are usually immediately dependent upon the two or three sentences at the beginning or end of the passage, and the more generally dependent upon the passage as a whole. - These questions can be difficult because they ask you to infer the flow and direction of the passage from a somewhat limited set of clues.
Specific Reference (SR)
1. these question stems refer you to a specific numbered line, paragraph, or sentence. 2. In some SR questions, the answer choices refer you to specific lines within the passage 3. Although the correct information in a Specific Reference question is not always found in the exact lines referenced, those line references are always an excellent starting point for your analysis 4. To attack SR questions that refer to an exact line number or sentence, always return to the passage and start reading three to five lines above the reference, or from the most logical nearby starting point such as the start of a paragraph. 5. To attack SR questions that refer to a paragraph, return to the passage and consider the paragraph in question.
Differences between Comparative Reading Passage Sets and Single Passages
1.. The majority of the Comparative Reading questions deal with the relationship between the two passages, while single passage questions tend to have a higher percentage of local questions 2. The theme or main point of the Comparative Reading passages will often change from passage A to passage B, as opposed to the more consistent, singular purpose of an author in a single passage 3. The complexity of argumentation in each of the dual passages tends to be less than the complexity developed in a single passage.
It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes which one of the following about the history of modern art?
Author's Perspective Question
It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that the author's attitude is most favorable toward which one of the following?
Author's Perspective Question
The author of the passage would most likely agree with which one of the following statements?
Author's Perspective Question
Two Comparative Reading Question Types
Because Comparative Reading passages are written by two authors discussing a related subject but from different perspectives, they often serve as the source for a pair of unique question types: 1. Point at Issue 2. Point of Agreement
The author's discussion of telephone answering machines serves primarily to..
CR
The passage indicates that prior to the use of carbon dating, at least some historians believed which one of the following?
CR
The passage suggests which one of the following about the behavior of elk in conflict situations?
CR
If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
Cannot Be True
Given the information in the passage, the author is LEAST likely to believe which one of the following?
Cannot Be True Questions
Which one of the following, if true, is LEAST consistent with Alaimo's theory about aggressive behavior in wasps?
Cannot Be True Questions
If this passage had been excerpted from a longer text, which one of the following predictions regarding the future of aeronautics would be most likely to appear in that text
Expansion Questions (E)
Which one of the following is the most logical continuation if the last paragraph of the passage?
Expansion Questions (E)
Which one of the following is the most logical continuation of the last paragraph of the passage?
Expansion Questions (E)
Which one of the following sentences could most logically be appended to the end of the last paragraph of the passage?
Expansion Questions (E)
Which one of the following sentences would most logically begin a paragraph immediately following the end of the passage?
Expansion Questions (E)
Which one of the following titles most completely summarizes the concents of the passage?
Expansion Questions (E)
Which one of the following would be most suitable as a tide for this passage if it were to appear as an editorial piece?
Expansion Questions (E)
Incorrect Answers in Point at Issue questions
Finding correct answer in most Point at Issue questions involves examining the conclusion of each speaker. --> And while this itself is a familiar process, because Point at Issue questions require the more demanding task of selecting a statement relevant to both sources, there are a number of common traps available to the test makers: 1. Ethical vs Factual situations : When a pair of passages address an issue that is ethical (or motivation, behavioral, etc) in nature, answer choices that are strictly factual cannot be correct e.g. p. 298 : The reverse is also true: When passage disputes are more factual in nature, answer choices that are non-factual-why something should happen, or whether it is right or wrong- cannot be correct e.g. p. 398 2. Dual Agreement or Dual Disagreement 3. The View of One Speaker is Unknown
Information in the passage most strongly supports which one of the following statements?
GR
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?
GR
The main point of the argument is that
Main Point
Which one of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Main Point
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
Must Be True
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage
Must Be True ** again, in RC, a valid or proper inference is something that must be true based on the information provided in the passage **
The logical relationship of lines 8-13 of the passage to lines 23-24 and 49-53 of the passage is most accurately described as...
Organization Questions (O)
Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
Organization Questions (O)
Which one of the following most accurately describes the organization of the material presented in the passage?
Organization Questions (O)
Which one of the following most accurately describes the organization of the material presented in the second and third paragraph of the passage?
Organization Questions (O)
Which one of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the second paragraph and the final paragraph?
Organization Questions (O)
Which one of the following sequences most accurately and completely corresponds to the presentation of the material in the passage?
Organization Questions (O)
which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above?
Parallel Reasoning
As described in the passage, the approach suggested by the Modernists is most similar to which one of the following?
Parallel Reasoning Questions
Based on the passage, the relationship between attorney and client is most analogous to the relationship between
Parallel Reasoning Questions
Which one of the following is most analogous to the artistic achievements that the author attributes to Mangino?
Parallel Reasoning Questions
Given the statements about cross-examination in lines 39-43, the author of Passage B would be most likely to take issue with which one of the following claims by the author of Passage A?
Point at Issue
Onn the basis of their statements, the authors of Passage A and Passage B are committed to disagreeing over whether
Point at Issue
The authors would be most likely to disagree over whether
Point at Issue
Given the information provided in the second paragraph, the author can most reasonably be said to use which one of the following principles to support the scientists' claims?
Principle Question
Which one of the following principles can be most clearly said to underlie the author's arguments in the third paragraph?
Principle Question
In the passage, the author seeks primarily to
Purpose/Function
The author of the passage uses the phrase "clearly insufficient" (line 39) primarily in order to...
Purpose/Function
The author's discussion of feline material instinct (lines 23-34) functions primarily to
Purpose/Function
The author's discussion of increased erosion over the last decade serves primarily to
Purpose/Function
Which one of the following best states the function of the third paragraph of the passage?
Purpose/Function
The primary purpose of the passage is to
Purpose/Function GR
The author of the passage uses the phrase 'rational expectation' (line 39) primarily in order to
SR
Which one of the following best defines the word "pragmatic" as it is used in the second paragraph of the passage?
SR
Which one of the following would best exemplify the kind of theory referred to in the final paragraph of the passage?
SR
which one of the following, in its context in the passage, most clearly reveals the attitude of the author toward the 'academics' described in the passage?
SR
Which one of the following would, if true, most strengthen the author's position regarding the practical applicability of the theory presented in the passage?
Strengthen
Which one of the following would, if true, most strengthen the claim made by the author in the last sentence of the passage (line 54-58)
Strengthen
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Strengthen
Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above?
Strengthen
Which one of the following, if true, would lead the most support to the claims of critics discussed in line 9-17?
Strengthen
Given the information in the passage, which one of the following is Kantor most likely to believe?
Subject Perspective Questions (SP)
It can be inferred that Peter Goodrich would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements concerning common law?
Subject Perspective Questions (SP)
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Weaken
Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously challenge the position of the critics mentioned in line 34?
Weaken
which one of the following, if true, would most weaken Hart's argument regarding the recently excavated fossils?
Weaken
Review Chapter 7
p. 339
