Reading Quiz 16.2

Selective Service Act of 1917

required all men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft

Espionage Act of 1917

made it illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or interfere with the war effort

Sedition Act of 1918

made it illegal to speak against the war publicly. In practice, it allowed officials to prosecute anyone who criticized the government

Great Migration

Desperate for workers, Henry Ford sent agents to the South to recruit African Americans. Other companies quickly followed suit. Promises of high wages and plentiful work convinced between 300,000 and 500,000 African Americans to move north. This massive population movement became known as the

by raising taxes and selling bonds

How did America fund the $32 billion war effort?

by instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time

How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war?

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Soon after Congress declared war, Wilson created the ___ to "sell" the war to the American people

Four-Minute Men

The CPI distributed pamphlets and arranged for thousands of "four-minute speeches" to be delivered at movie theaters and other public places. Some 75,000 speakers, known as ____, urged audiences to support the war in various ways, from buying war bonds to reporting draft dodgers to the authorities.

National War Labor Board (NWLB)

To prevent strikes from disrupting the war effort, the government established the ____in April 1918, which often pressured industry to improve wages, adopt an eight-hour workday, and allow unions the right to organize and bargain collectively

Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men

What effect did the war have on women in America?

the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs

What was the "Great Migration"?

to coordinate the production of war materials

What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board?

to sell the war effort to Americans

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses

What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I?

gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables

What were "victory gardens"?

to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government

What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

to draft Americans into the armed forces

Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act?

The War Industries Board (WIB)

coordinated the production of war materials

The Food Administration

run by Herbert Hoover, was responsible for increasing food production while reducing civilian consumption

Henry Ford

sent agents to the South to recruit African Americans,

espionage

spying to acquire government information

Schenck v. United States (1919)

the constitutionality of the Espionage and Sedition Acts was upheld in this court case